Ch.

10 Photosynthesis Questions for Chapter 10

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Thomas Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. 1) What did he conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas? A) Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas. B) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light. C) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released. D) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths. E) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis. Answer: C 2) An outcome of this experiment was to help determine A) the relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. B) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration. C) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released. D) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the oxygen released during photosynthesis. E) the relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis. Answer: D 3) If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict? A) There would be no difference in results. B) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. C) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. D) The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. E) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water. Answer: B 4) Organisms that can exist on light and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials A) are called photoautotrophs. B) do not exist in nature. C) are called heterotrophs. D) are best classified as decomposers. E) are both C and D. Answer: A 5) Organisms that metabolize organic molecules produced by other organisms A) are autotrophs. B) are heterotrophs. C) are decomposers. D) are B and C. E) are A, B, and C. Answer: E

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6) The early suggestion that the oxygen (O2) liberated from plants during photosynthesis comes from water was A) first published by Melvin Calvin, who also discovered the Calvin cycle. B) confirmed by experiments using oxygen-18 (18O). C) made following the discovery of photorespiration because of rubisco's sensitivity to oxygen. D) A and B. E) A, B, and C. Answer: B 7) Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle? A) CO2 and glucose B) H2O and O 2 C) ADP, Pi, and NADP + D) electrons and H + E) ATP and NADP Answer: E 8) A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment? A) red and yellow B) blue and violet C) green and yellow D) blue, green, and red E) green, blue, and violet Answer: A 9) The color of light least effective in driving photosynthesis is A) blue. Answer: D B) red. C) orange. D) green. E) yellow.

Figure 10.1 10) Figure 10.1 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different? A) Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths. B) Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments. C) The two lines are probably the result of inaccurate measurements. D) Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a. E) Anaerobic bacteria probably interfered with light absorption. Answer: D

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11) The reaction-center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because A) there are 700 chlorophyll molecules in the center. B) this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm. C) there are 700 photosystem I components to each chloroplast. D) it absorbs 700 photons per minute. Answer: B 12) All of the events listed below occur in the energy-capturing light reactions of photosynthesis except A) oxygen is produced. B) NADP+ is reduced to NADPH. C) carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA. D) ADP is phosphorylated to yield ATP. E) light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a. Answer: C 13) In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules? A) to split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll B) to harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll C) to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi D) to pass electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH E) to concentrate photons inside the stroma Answer: B 14) The following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are all true except: A) The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons. B) Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons. C) ATP is generated by photophosphorylation. D) RUBP carboxylase is activated by photons. E) Electrons are transferred from water to NADP+. Answer: D 15) What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis? A) to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water B) to produce ATP and NADPH C) to produce NADPH used in respiration D) to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL E) to use ATP to make glucose Answer: B 16) Because bundle-sheath cells are relatively protected from atmospheric oxygen, the level of __________ is held to a minimum in C4 plants. A) glycolysis B) photosynthesis C) oxidative phosphorylation D) photorespiration E) decarboxylation of malic acid Answer: D

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17) Which of the following statements regarding events in the functioning of photosystem II is false? A) Light energy excites electrons in an antenna pigment in a photosynthetic unit. B) The excitation is passed along to a molecule of P680 chlorophyll in the photosynthetic unit. C) The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADPH, which is thus converted to NADP+. D) The electron vacancies in P680 are filled by electrons derived from water. E) The splitting of water yields molecular oxygen as a by-product. Answer: C 18) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem II except A) photolysis. B) release of oxygen. C) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll. D) photophosphorylation. E) P680. Answer: D 19) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem I except A) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll. B) receiving electrons from plastocyanin. C) P700. D) photolysis. E) passing electrons to ferredoxin. Answer: D 20) What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle? A) oxygen and carbon dioxide B) carbon dioxide and RuBP C) water and carbon D) electrons and photons E) ATP and NADPH Answer: E 21) Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be A) to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts. B) to test for liberation of O2 in the light. C) to test for CO2 fixation in the dark. D) to do experiments to generate an action spectrum. E) to test for production of either sucrose or starch. Answer: B 22) Cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produces A) ATP. Answer: A B) NADPH. C) glucose. D) A and B. E) A, B, and C.

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23) As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from? A) photosystem II B) photosystem I C) cyclic electron flow D) noncyclic electron flow E) chlorophyll Answer: C 24) Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes? A) the splitting of water B) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll C) the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I D) the synthesis of ATP E) the reduction of NADP+ Answer: D 25) In plant cells, ATP is made in response to light. An electron transport chain is involved. This electron transport chain is found in the A) thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. B) stroma of chloroplasts. C) inner membrane of mitochondria. D) matrix of mitochondria. E) cytoplasm. Answer: A 26) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? A) Respiration is the exact reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis. B) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it. C) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals. D) ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration. E) Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic. Answer: B 27) The chemiosomotic process in chloroplasts involves the A) establishment of a proton gradient. B) diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane. C) oxidation of water to produce ATP energy. D) movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma. E) reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose by NADPH and ATP. Answer: A 28) Noncyclic photophosphorylation uses light energy to synthesize A) ADP and ATP. B) ATP and P700. C) ATP and NADPH. D) ADP and NADP. E) P700 and P680. Answer: C

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29) In a plant cell, where is ATP synthase located? A) thylakoid membrane B) plasma membrane C) inner mitochondrial membrane D) A and C E) A, B, and C Answer: D 30) Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle? A) The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP + to the light reactions. B) The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions. C) The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP. D) The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with water to split. E) There is no relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Answer: A 31) In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from A) the stroma to the chlorophyll. B) the matrix to the stroma. C) the stroma into the thylakoid compartment. D) the intermembrane space to the matrix. E) the light reactions to the Calvin cycle. Answer: C 32) The Calvin cycle requires all of the following molecules except A) CO2. Answer: D 33) All of the following statements are true except: A) Thylakoid membranes contain the photosynthetic pigments. B) The O 2 released during photosynthesis comes from water. C) Glyceraldehyde phosphate is produced only in the light reactions of photosynthesis. D) The light reactions of photosynthesis provide the energy for the Calvin cycle. E) When chlorophyll is reduced, it gains electrons. Answer: C 34) Which of the following is (are) true of the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase? A) It participates in the Calvin cycle. B) It catalyzes a phosphorylation reaction. C) It has an affinity for both O 2 and CO2. D) A and C are true. E) A, B, and C are true. Answer: D B) ATP. C) RuBP. D) glucose. E) NADPH.

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35) All of the following statements are correct regarding the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis except: A) The energy source utilized is the ATP and NADPH obtained through the light reaction. B) These reactions begin soon after sundown and end before sunrise. C) The 5-carbon sugar RuBP is constantly being regenerated. D) One of the end products is glyceraldehyde phosphate. Answer: B 36) If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO 2 synthesized with heavy oxygen ( 18O), later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the 18O label. That one exception is A) PGA. Answer: E Refer to the following choices to answer the following questions. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Indicate whether the following events occur during A. B. C. D. photosynthesis respiration both photosynthesis and respiration neither photosynthesis nor respiration B) PGAL. C) glucose. D) RuBP. E) O2.

37) synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism Answer: C 38) oxidation of water Answer: A 39) reduction of NADP+ Answer: A 40) CO2 fixation Answer: A 41) electron flow along a cytochrome chain Answer: B 42) oxidative phosphorylation Answer: B 43) generation of proton gradients across membranes Answer: C 44) In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to A) use ATP to release carbon dioxide. B) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide. C) split water and release oxygen. D) transport RuBP out of the chloroplast. E) construct simple sugars from carbon dioxide. Answer: E

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For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis in plants. Use the following key: A. B. C. D. E. light reactions alone the Calvin cycle alone both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis

45) produces molecular oxygen (O2) Answer: A 46) forms a proton gradient Answer: B 47) requires ATP Answer: B 48) requires ADP Answer: A 49) produces NADH Answer: D 50) produces NADPH Answer: A 51) produces triose sugars Answer: B 52) inactive in the dark Answer: C 53) requires CO2 Answer: B 54) requires glucose Answer: D 55) The three substrates (normal reactants) for the enzyme RuBP carboxylase/oxidase (rubisco) are A) CO2, O2, and RuBP. B) CO2, glucose, and RuBP. C) RuBP, ATP, and NADPH. D) triose-P, glucose, and CO2. E) RuBP, CO 2, and ATP. Answer: A 56) Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by removing which of the following from the Calvin cycle? A) carbon dioxide molecules B) glyceraldehyde phosphate molecules C) ATP molecules D) ribulose bisphosphate molecules E) RuBP carboxylase molecules Answer: D Page 111

57) Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? A) They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. B) They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2. C) They are adapted to cold, wet climates. D) They conserve water more efficiently. E) They exclude oxygen from their tissues. Answer: B 58) In C4 photosynthesis, carbon fixation takes place in the __________ cells, and then is transferred as malic or aspartic acid to __________ cells, where carbon dioxide is released for entry into the Calvin cycle. A) mesophyll ... bundle-sheath B) stomatal ... mesophyll C) bundle-sheath ... epidermal D) epidermal ... mesophyll E) stomatal ... epidermal Answer: A 59) CAM plants can keep stomates closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they A) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night. B) fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells. C) fix CO2 into pyruvic acid in the mesophyll cells. D) use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO2. E) use photosystems I and II at night. Answer: A

Figure 10.2 60) Which of the following statements is true concerning the diagram in Figure 10.2? A) It represents some of the events of C4 photosynthesis. B) It represents the type of photosynthesis found in most aquatic plants. C) It represents the kinds of cells found in conifers from cold, wet climates. D) Two of the above statements are true. E) All of the above statements are true. Answer: A Page 112

61) Referring to Figure 10.2, oxygen would inhibit the CO2 fixation reactions in A) cell I only. B) cell II only. C) neither cell I nor cell II. D) both cell I and cell II. E) cell I during the night and cell II during the day. Answer: B 62) In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant with radioactive carbon (14C) dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The 14C is incorporated first into oxaloacetic acid. The plant is best characterized as a A) C4 plant. B) C3 plant. C) CAM plant. D) heterotroph. E) chemoautotroph. Answer: A 63) Plants that fix CO2 into organic acids at night when the stoma are open and carry out the Calvin cycle during the day when the stoma are closed are called A) C3 plants. Answer: C 64) Where does the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis take place? A) stroma of the chloroplast B) thylakoid membrane C) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast D) chlorophyll molecule E) outer membrane of the chloroplast Answer: A B) C4 plants. C) CAM plants. D) A and B. E) A, B, and C.

Media Activity Questions

1) __________ cells in leaves are specialized for photosynthesis. A) Companion Answer: B 2) A redox reaction involves the transfer of a(n) A) hydrogen ion. Answer: D 3) Which of these colors contributes the least energy to photosynthesis? A) blue Answer: E 4) A concentration gradient is a form of A) kinetic energy. B) life. C) an exergonic reaction. D) potential energy. E) entropy. Answer: D B) red C) violet D) orange E) green B) oxygen. C) water. D) electron. E) carbon dioxide. B) Mesophyll C) Sclerenchyma D) Tracheid E) Collenchyma

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5) Under arid conditions C4 plants fix carbon dioxide more efficiently than C3 plants because C4 plants A) use ATP to fix carbon dioxide. B) utilize rubisco. C) decrease the rate at which carbon dioxide diffuses into the plant from the atmosphere. D) have chloroplasts concentrated in mesophyll cells. E) are larger than C3 plants. Answer: A

Self-Quiz Questions
1) The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with A) light energy. B) CO2 and ATP. C) H2 O and NADPH. D) ATP and NADPH. E) sugar and O2 . Answer: D 2) Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? A) NADPH O2 CO2 B) H2 O NADPH Calvin cycle C) NADPH chlorophyll Calvin cycle D) H2 O photosystem I photosystem II E) NADPH electron transport chain O2 Answer: B 3) Which of the following conclusions does not follow from studying the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis? A) Not all wavelengths are equally effective for photosynthesis. B) There must be accessory pigments that broaden the spectrum of light that contributes energy for photosynthesis. C) The red and blue areas of the spectrum are most effective in driving photosynthesis. D) Chlorophyll owes its color to the absorption of green light. E) Chlorophyll a has two absorption peaks. Answer: D 4) Cooperation of the two photosystems of the chloroplast is required for A) ATP synthesis. B) reduction of NADP+. C) cyclic photophosphorylation. D) oxidation of the reaction center of photosystem I. E) generation of a proton-motive force. Answer: B 5) In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to A) substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis. B) oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration. C) the Calvin cycle. D) carbon fixation. E) reduction of NADP+. Answer: B

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6) In what respect are the photosynthetic adaptations of C4 plants and CAM plants similar? A) In both cases, the stomata normally close during the day. B) Both types of plants make their sugar without the Calvin cycle. C) In both cases, an enzyme other than rubisco carries out the first step in carbon fixation. D) Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark. E) Neither C4 plants nor CAM plants have grana in their chloroplasts. Answer: C 7) Which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy? A) creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane B) carbon fixation in the stroma C) reduction of NADP molecules D) removal of electrons from membrane-bound chlorophyll molecules E) ATP synthesis Answer: D 8) Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation? A) Only noncyclic photophosphorylation produces ATP. B) In addition to ATP, cyclic photophosphorylation also produces O2 and NADPH. C) Only cyclic photophosphorylation utilizes light at 700 nm. D) Chemiosmosis is unique to noncyclic photophosphorylation. E) Only cyclic photophosphorylation can operate in the absence of photosystem II. Answer: E 9) Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? A) Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. B) Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. C) Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. D) Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are entirely inorganic. E) Only heterotrophs require oxygen. Answer: D 10) Which of the following processes could still occur in a chloroplast in the presence of an inhibitor that prevents H+ from passing through ATP synthase complexes? A) sugar synthesis B) generation of a proton-motive force C) photophosphorylation D) the Calvin cycle E) oxidation of NADPH Answer: B

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