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CHEMISTRY QUIZ FOR WEEK ONE (16.10.2012 19.10.2012)

1. Ammonia is manufactured from hydrogen and nitrogen in the Haber Process:
N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g) H = 92 kJmol1
(a) What is meant by the term dynamic equilibrium?
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(2)
(b) State the conditions employed industrially in the manufacture of ammonia, and justify them on
physico-chemical grounds.
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(5)
(c) What effect does a catalyst have on the rate of achievement of the equilibrium and the composition of
the equilibrium mixture?
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(2)
(d) A significant proportion of the ammonia made is oxidised to nitrogen monoxide and steam, using
oxygen and a platinum/rhodium catalyst.
(i) Give the equation for the reaction.
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(ii) Use the enthalpies of formation, Hf, given below to evaluate H for the oxidation of ammonia.
Hf / kJ mol1
NO(g)
+90
H2O(g)
242
NH3(g)
46
(iii) Ammonia does not spontaneously catch fire in air or oxygen; use this fact and your result from part

(ii) to explain the difference between kinetic and thermodynamic stability.

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(7)
2. (a). Identify the products of the action of heat on
(i) lithium carbonate: ................................................................................................................
(ii) magnesium nitrate: ..............................................................................................................
(iii) strontium nitrate: ......................................................................................... ..
(3)

(b) A solution contains 50.0 gdm3 of the chloride of an alkaline earth metal. To 25.0cm3 of this solution
was added an excess of aqueous silver nitrate; 3.77 g of silver chloride, AgCl, was precipitated. Calculate
the value of the relative atomic mass of the metal and suggest its identity.

(5)
(c) Write ionic equations for the following reactions:
(i) the precipitation of silver chloride from the solution containing the metal chloride in (c);
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(ii) the formation of a white precipitate when aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to the solution containing
the metal chloride in (c).
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(2)
(d) Give ONE property of each substance which makes it suitable for the particular application.
(i) The addition of calcium hydroxide to soil:
............................................................................................................................................................(ii) The
potential use of sodium metal in electricity cables:
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(2)
3. (a) Three isomers A, B and C have the molecular formula C4H8O. All three compounds give an orange
precipitate with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent. B and C also give a silver mirror when warmed with
ammoniacal silver nitrate solution.
Write the structural formulae of A, B and C .

(3)
(b) Substance A reacts with the Grignard reagent, C2H5MgBr
(i) Give the equation for the preparation of this Grignard reagent.
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(1)
(ii) State the conditions for this preparation.
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(2)
(iii) Write the structural formula of the product obtained when this Grignard reagent reacts with substance
A.

(1)

(c) C2H5MgBr reacts with carbon dioxide to form the acid C2H5COOH. This acid can be
converted to propanamide in a two step process.
step 1
step 2
C2H5COOH
C2H5COCl
C2H5CONH2
State the reagent required for each step.
Step 1 .
Step 2 .
(2)
(d) C2H5MgBr also reacts with ethanal to form substance D, which exists as a pair of optical
isomers.
(i) Draw the structural formulae of these two isomers and use them to explain why these isomers
exist.

(4)
(ii) What is the difference in property between these isomers?
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(1)
(e) (i) Write down the name and the structural formula of the organic compound formed when
substance D is heated under reflux with a solution of potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute
sulphuric acid.
Name ..
Structural formula.

(2)
(ii) State the colour of the solution remaining after this reaction.
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(1)
4. (a). A hydrocarbon contains 85.7% C and 14.3% H by mass. Its relative molecular mass is 28.
i. Find its empirical formula.
ii. Suggest a possible molecular formula for this compound.
(3)
(b). Draw out the full displayed formulae of
i. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
ii. CH3(CH2)8CH3
iii. CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3
(3)

(c). Draw the skeletal formula for

i. decane
ii. heptane
iii. methylpropane
(3)
(d). Gaseous ammonia and hydrogen fluoride react together to give solid ionic ammonium
fluoride.
NH3(g) + HF(g)
NH4F(s)
H = 147 kJ mol1
(i) What type of reaction is this?
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(1)
(ii) Draw dot-and-cross diagrams (outer shells only) describing the bonding in the three
compounds involved in this reaction.

NH3

HF

NH4F

(3)

(iii) There are three types of bonding in NH4F.

Give the names of each of the three types, and state where in the compound each type occurs.
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(iv) The reaction between NH3 and HF is reversible. What conditions of temperature and
pressure would favour the reverse reaction, i.e. the dissociation of NH4F?
Explain your answer.
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(2)