.. , ..

1999

 81.411.2-96
57
: . . , . .. ,
. . , . ..

57

.., ..
-: -. : -
, 1999. 144 .
ISBN 5-85534-265-4
, .
,
.
, - ,
.
.

ISBN 5-85534-265-4

.. ,
.. , 1999

, 1999


.................................................................................4
1. (-) .................................................5
1. (-) ................................................5
2. ?.......................................................10
3. (-) ...................................17
2. ?................................................................26
1. ..........................................26
2. .......................................................34
3. .............................................................................41
1. ?....................................................41
2. ...........................................47
4. ...................................................55
1. ...............................................55
2. ?........................................................61
5. .........................................................................67
1. ?............................................67
2. ...............................74
3. .......................................81
6. .........................................................................88
1. , , ...............................................88
2. ..............................................................95
7. .............................................................................102
1. .............................102
2. .....................................................................108
3. ?...............................115
8. .................................................................123
1. ....................................................123
2. .........................................129
3. , ...................135
....................................................................143



.
,
, - . , !
.
,
.
. : ,
, .
, , ,
.

 1
(-) /LETS GET
ACQUAINTED

1: (-) /Tell us about yourself

/hese words may be useful for you:

I/we

ou/you
, ,
e, she, it
/*
o address smb. with /

,
Student, students

University
, ,
ountry, state, city

Lets get acquainted
!
How do you do!
!
Good morning!
!
Good afternoon!
!
Good evening
(, , )
My (his, her, your) name is...
(, , , )...
I am(you are, he/she is)...
(-),
years old

Name

Last name
/Read and learn the dialogues by heart:
1. . , ?
.
?
.
(How may I call you)?
(Just call me Rob).
? *
, .
2. , ?
, .
?
20 .
5

 , ?
,
, (in the evening) .
(What is your future
profession)?
.
3. , (How long
have you been learning Russian)?
(Ive been learning Russian
for only a year).
(What foreign
languages do you speak)?
(I also speak French).
(What are your hobbies)?
.
* !
. :
, . ,
() . ()
:
() ...
() ...
() ...
Attention!
Friends and good aquaintances usually address each other with
. Saying: , the person whom you have just met
implies that he/she wants to get on closer terms with you. In the
context of formal relations or when you address an older or unknown
person you should use . Even if you address ONE person the
verb after is used in the 2nd person plural form.
/Read and retell the text below:
.
().
6

 2- , . 28, 3-10.
. ,
, ,
. :
? ? ? ? .. : ?.
: , .
/Learn the verse by
heart:

:
,
,
e ,
, --.
(learn how to use the verbs)
:
I. ,
(Attention: the verb is transitive and is used with animate nouns,
and is intransitive and is used with inanimate nouns):
.


,
.
.
.
.
.
2- .
(the nearest)
.
II. - (the verb - is transitive and has
several meanings): 1. - , , (to
give smb. a name, a nickname) .
. 2. -, - , , (to address smb. with a
name, a nickname) ,
7

 . 3. (- ), ( ) (to define smb. with some word)

, .
:
1. , /Fill in the
gaps with the verbs or .
1. ... , ... . 2.
, ... . 3. , ... ?
, ... . 4. , ... . 5. ... ,
? 6. ,
... -. 7. , ... ,
, .
2. , , .
1. ... , , ... .
2. ... . 3. ... ? 4.
... -. 5. ... . 6. ... , ... . 7. ...
. 8. ... . 9. ...
. 9. ... ,
. 10. ...
, . 11.
... , , ...
. 12. ... , ... . 13. ...
, ... .
3. :
1. ? 2. ? 3.
? 4. ? 5.
, , , ?
? 6. , ? 7.
, ? 8.
, ? 9. , ? 10. , ? 11. 8

 ? 12. , ?
4. ,
, , /Compose dialogues for the
situations given below. Use the verbs , , in
them.
1. . Acquaintance with a
new teacher. 2. ( ) . You meet your room-mate. 3.
. You have got lost in a new city. 4.
. Your first ride on a Volgograd bus. 5.
. You meet a Russian
girl at a party.

 2: ?/Where do you study?

:
Verb
Compatibility
/
(?)

Meaning

) ,
, ,
, , ,
;
) , ,
.

/
) , ,
(?)+ ;
. (?) ) , ,
.
(?)
(?)

,

()
(I learnt, have learnt
and now I know).


(They taught me, and
now I know how
to do it).

a) , , -
,
- (I was a student
- of..., and the way
, , I studied was...).

;
) ,
, ,
, ,
,
.
/
) , ,
() +
, ,
. (?) ,
(I learnt it
, ; myself, and now I
) , , khow to do it).
,
...
/
) , ,
(?)
,

,
( I
...
studied smth. and now
10

, I know I have
;
acquired some scientific
) ,
knowledge).
, ...
,
.
/
) , ,
,
(?)+ ;

. (?) ) , ,
(They were
.
taught to it, and now
they know it).
: ,
; , ; ,

. Note: the constructions with nouns in dative
case , ; are mostly used in scientific and
official styles.

:
1. , !
, !
?
, . ?
. ?
, . ?
.
, ?
.
2. ! .
. ?
.
.
, , 20 ,
. .
?
.
.
.
11

3. , .
, .
, , . 21 .
?
(unfortunately), .
.
, -/-: , , , .
4. ?
, , , .
?
, , , .
. , ?
. . ?
.
5. (listen), !
?
.
. .
?
, .
- ?
. ,
, (no talent, no wish).
6. . ?
. . ?
, (Knowledge
is light and ignorance is night)? , .
: , , ,
.

12

 :

(, -, , ) .
-, ,
, .
: , , .
(representatives) ,
, -, , , .
, , , , , . (aspects) .

, (industrial plants). , .
.
. ,

, (to get) .
:
1. .
1. ... ? ... . ... ?
... . 2. ... ? ... ,
: ... ,
, -. 3.
... ? ... , . 4. ...
? ..., . 4. ... ? , ... .
...? ... . ... ?
, ... . 5. ... ? ...
13

 . ... ? , ...
. 6. ... ? ... .
... ? , , ... .
2. .
1. ? 2. ?
? ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.
? 6. ? 7.
? 8. ? 9.
? 10. ? ? 11. ? 12.
?
3. . -,
-, -, -, .
1. - ... , , , . 2. , , ... , ... ... ; , ... , ... . 3.
... . 4. , ... . 5.
... .
... , , , . 6.
... . 7. , ... ? 8.

, ... .
4. . -, -, -,
-, -. .
1. . 2.
? 3. ? 4.
. 5. - . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9.
14

, . 10.
. .
!
1. ,
, ( = ):
() !
, ! ( !)
2. , ..., ... (not only ..., but): = :
, () ( , ).
-, (, )
() .
3. (besides),
: # :
, ( ).
, .
:
, (, ) .
5. , .
1. , ? 2.
-, ? 3. ?
4. , ? 5.
, ? 6.
, ? 7.
, ? 8. ?
6. ,
.
: . .
, .
1. .
. 2. . . 3.
. . 4. - . 15

 . 5. . . 6.
.
.
7. . , . (disagree with the sentences, give additional information
about the fact, start with the word ).
: -, . ?
.
1. ,
. 2. , .
3. -, . 4.
. 5. ,
.
8. :
1. ! ... . 2.
, ... . 3. , ...
. 4. , ... . 5.
, ... . 6.
. , ... . 7.
, , ... . 8.
, ... .
9. ,
,
: 1.
. 2.
.

16

 3: (-) /ell us about

your family
:
1. (terms determining kinshi p)

/ /

2. (terms determining relations)

(, ,
(second cousins)
(twins)

3. (terms determining age)

(.)
(peers)
(baby)

.
17

 :
1. (picture).
.
... (Let me...). , , .
(You look very much alike).
, .
? ?
(Oh no)! , (Look,
she is so old).
(so), . ?
, ?
, (to explain). .
2. ?
. ...
, . , ,
. . ?
. . .
?
, .
. (She
is about forty or something like this)?
! (She is much over fifty).
(And how young she looks)!
?
? . (Now she is
retired).
3. , , . (application form). , . . ?
(-) 1975 , ,
.
? ?
, .
. .
(before marriage)?
.
?
18

 . , 9 ,
. , 22 ,
.
4. ?
. , , ,
, , . , 81 ,
(shes still leading a very active life).
, , .
, (hard-working).
, ? (What are the relations between you and your parents, between
your parents and your siblings?)
(with respect), ,
.
(How do you treat your
parents)?
.
(What did your family give you)? ?
(brought me up) .
:
. . 25
. 2 , 27. 5 . .
,
, : (bold),
: ,
. , , ,
, (Perhaps, everything
will go the way Yura and Tanya want, because their family is good and
friendly).
.
, , .
(independence).
(separate from
their parents). ,
(stand on their own feet). , 19

, , .
!
,
,

,
,

(One may ask such questions concerning age):
.

15 ... 20
21, 31 ...
?
32, 43, 24 ...
: (, )
1516

3233

. . ?

1975 (
)
.
1975 () .
.

?
?

. (-) , () 1
(2,... ; 5... )
(-) , ( ...
...
(, ) , (He/she looks older, younger);
() 20.
() , (...); 31 .
:
1. , , , , :
. 1). ? 2). ?
, , ? ? 3). ?
? 4).
? 5). , ? ?
?
20

. 1). (a senior
high graduate) ? 2). ,
? 3).
(how old is the child),
? 4). ,
? , ?
2. , :
1. ... . 2. ...
. 3. ... . 4. ...
. 5. ... . 6. ... . 7. ...
.
3. , ,
45 ? ,
21 ? ( )
?
!
/
(?) , , , ;
, , ;
( ?) , , .

(?) , , ,
, , , .
, , ...
/
(?) , ,
( ?) , , .
4. :
1. ... , . 2. ...
, . 3. ... ,
. 4. ... ,
-. 5. ... ,
.
5. , ,
.
21

: , 24 , .
1. , ... 2. , , ... 3. , ..., ... 4. ,
, ... , ... 5. , ...
6. , ... 7.
, ... 8. , ...
9. , ...
6. :
,
, ? (Teenagehood is
the age when a son stands on his own feet, but in the fathers shoes).
(lit. transitional age)? ?
? ?

) , , ,
... , ...
) , ,
(?) ...
) , , ...
, , ...
, ...
, , ... , ,
... , ... ,
..., , ...
) , , ,
) , , , ...

:
1. :
1.1. ?
... .
1.2. ?
... .
22

1.3. ?
... , .
1.4. ? ?
. (talented guy), ...
.
1.5. ?
, ... .
1.6. ?
, ... , .
1.7. ?
-, ... . .
( : , , ,
, , , ).
2. :
2.1. ? ? ? ? ?
2.2. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
3. ,
(Tell about your family using the active vocabulary of the lesson).

1. :
1.1. ? , , .
.
1. , .
...
2. .
3. ,
.
1.2. , .
...
1. .
23

2. .
3.
.
1.3. , , .
...
1.
.
2. -
.
3. .
. , .
2. :
,
... . ... , ...
. , ... . ...
, ,
... .
(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. ).
3. :
1. ... . 2. ...
. 3. ... ,
, . 4. ... . 5. ...
. 6. ... . 7. ... . 8. ...
, ... -.
(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. ).
4. : :
, ... . ... .
. ... .
! , ... !
... .
5. :
...
...

...
...
24

 ...
...

...
...

6. :
1. ,
. . ...
2. . , . . ...
3. , . . ...
4. , . ...
5. . ... .
(: ( ) ... ; () ...; ()
...).
7. , :
. ... .
... . , ... . , ,
... 10 . ... , ... .
8. :
1. ... . 2. ,
... . 3. ... , . 4. , ... . 5. ,
... . 6. ,
... . 7.
, ... . 8. -, ... .

25

 2
/THE PLACE WE LIVE AT?

1: /otel and dormitory

:
() (-) ()
- - (-) ()
- - (-) ()
/ ( , ...)
? .
? 414- .
? 414- .
, , ,
, ,
, , ,

, ,
/My watch is right
, /My watch is fast, slow
() /Its three by my watch
, /to check a watch
, /to set a watch, a clock
:
1. . ?
, . ?
, ,
.
, .
. ?
.
?
327, .
, ? .
26

 , , .
, .
.
2. , . .
.
?
, .
(service bureau)?
6-37. . (to book)
, , (to call the
chambermaid).
.
, .
3. , .
.
?
327.
?
.
427. .
?
, , 327.
. ?
. , , (ID-card). .
?
. .
:

, . .
. , .
. . . , , . ,
. . .

27

 . , ,
. .
, . ? ,
? ... !
! , . .
. . . , , . , . , . ,
, . . , . ,
.
(placement verbs)
/, /,
/ : , , ,
- . .:
/
, , + . .
/
(? ) (, )
/
, + . .(-, -)

(?)

, + . .
(, )
, + . . (-, -)

(location
prepositions) , , , !
, ( ,
; , ).
, (
, ; , ).
- ( , ).
- ( ,
; , ).

28

:
1. , ,
.
1. ... ... , . 2. ... ...
. 3. ... ... . 4. ... ... .
5. ... ... . 6. ... ... , ...
. 7. ... ... . 8. ... ... . 9. ... ... . 10. ...
... . 11. ... ... . 12. ... ?
... ... . 13. ... ... . 14. ... ... .
2. (conjugate) /, /
, /.
3. , , , , , .
1. ... . 2. ... ? 3. ...
. 4. ... . 5. ...
. 6. ... . 7. ... . 8.
... . 9. ... .
10. ... . 11. ... . 12.
... . 13. ..., ,
. 14. ..., , . 15. ..., ,
.
4. :
) ... ; ) ... ...
; ) ... ; ) ...
; ) ... .
5. :
) , , , ;
) , , , ;
) , , , ;
) , , , .
6.
.
1. () (). 2.
(). 3. ( ). 4.
(). 5. ()
29

 (). 6. (). 7.
(). 8. (). 9.
(). 10. (). 11.
(). 12. (). 13.
().
7. ,
:
;
, , ; ,
. / ...
8. , , .
9. , , ,
( , , )? ?
10. :
1). . , (, ... ; ; , ... ; ,
... ; , , ...).
2). ,
. , (, , ,
, ...).

1. ? C () /What time is it?
; , ... ; , ... .
(Till 30 minutes past the hour):
; (
) ; .
(After 30 minutes to the next hour):
() ; (
) ;
() .
!
In some cases, e.g. on the radio, on trains, etc., the time is given
30

in an official, non-conversational way, using the 24-hour clock:

13.05 ; 7.35
.
Speaking of the time of films we say:
() .
() .
Evening performances:
17.30 ( )
19.15 ( )
21.45 ( )
2. ? /At what time?
. 1. /Pavel has dinner at one.
/He comes home at four.
/We have supper at seven.
2. /Today he came
home at a quarter past four.
/They have supper at half
past seven.
3. /Pavel went to dinner at five
to one.
/He came home at a
quarter to four.
/We sat
down to supper at twenty-five to eight.
. Sometimes the time of the day is added:
.
.
The period from
5 to 11 is considered as morning ( 5 11 ),
1216 afternoon ( 12 4 ),
1723 evening ( 5 11 ),
244 night ( 12 4 ).
. 1. (gen.)/At about two oclock.
2. (gen.)/After two oclock.
3. (.)/In two hours (time).
4. (dat.)/By two oclock.
5. (.) (+ gen.)/Two hours before.
31

3. ? /How long?
1.
(For) two hours
( ).
2.
From two to three (oclock)
( ).
!
, , . (0,5 ..) , ..
(-) , .. (1/2 ..)
, ,...
:
1. /Write in figures.
, ,
, , ,
, , , , , , .
2. -, .
1.05; 5.20; 9.10; 11.25; 3.17; 12.10; 12.30; 2.15; 2.45; 4.30;
4.40; 4.45; 9.40; 9.35; 9.50; 8.55; 10.10; 10.15; 10.30; 10.45; 10.55.
3. , /Answer the
following questions using the figures given in brackets.
1. ? (6.45) 2. ? (7.15) 3.
? (8.30) 4.
? (12.25) 5. ? (14.30) 6.
? (11.15)
4. , , , , /Answer the following questions using the
words given on the right and the preposition where it is required.
1. ?
?
( )
2. ?
?
()
3. ?
?
( )
32

4. ?
?

( )

5. , /Complete the
sentences using the figures given in brackets.
: ... (8.301) () ()
/Note. , , ,
, , /When the period of in question
is relatively short or when it is clear which part of the day is meant, the
word denoting it is not mentioned at all. Such cases are marked*.

1. ... (87). 2. ... (12)*. 3.

... (8.302). 4. ... (79). 5.
... (28). 6. ... (56)*. 7.
... (916). 8. , ... , (24)*. 9.
, ... , (46)*. 10. ... (61).
6. .
1. 2 . 2. 0,5 .
3. 3 . 4. 3 . 5.
5 . 6. 1/2 . 7. 5 . 8.
5 . 9. 10 . 10.
10 .
7. .
1. ... . 2. ... . 3. ...
. 4. ... . 5. ... . 6. ... . 7.
... . 8. ... . 9. ...
. 10. ... .
8. , ,
.

33

 2: /house and flat

:

(-..., -...,
, )

(-..., ..., )
()

/
(, ,...)
/
(, )
C/
(, )

Tenement house
One-storey (two-, five-,
multistorey,high-rise)
building/house
(Private) house
One-roomed (two-..., five-...,
multi-roomed) flat
Comfortable house (flat)
To furnish a house (flat,
room)
To rent a room (flat, house)
To let/to rent out a room
(flat, house)

:
1. ?
.
?
.
?
.
! (Arent you afraid of such an altitude)?
. (weve got accustomed to it).
2. ?
. (legacy).
?
, , ,
, .
, , ?
, (Are you kidding)? (rubbish
chute) .
, . ,
?
34

 . . .
(Theres nobody to disturb you).
3. ?
.
?
. . .
?
: , , , , . , , .
. . ,
.
4. . .
, .
?
.
,
7. 20 . .
5. , ! .
... , 18 .
, ? .
.
: 42-17-35.
.
:
(standard) -... -... . , ,
, ,
(,
, , , , ). , . ,
, (entrance hall)
.
. ,
( ,
, c , ). , .
, .
35

(notice) : , (one room will always be lacking).

(equiped) :
(kitchen set of furniture) (so
called) , (consisting of) , , .
(everyday) ,
(family members) ,
.
, .
, .
(prefer) . , . , .
-, , : , , , , .
, .
. .
, ,
. , .
, .
(spatial
adverbs) (prepositions)!
, /, /, , , ; .

/the words , /, /,
, are adverbs when used with verbs, and describe the
action; when used with nouns in genitive case they are playing the role
of prepositions.But in both cases they serve to express spatial relationships
between objects. /compare:
(?) . (? ?) .
(?) /. / (?
?) ().
(?) . /
36

(? ?) .
, (?) . (? ?)
.
(?) . (? ?)
.
!
, /, , /, /
. ( ; . /
; / . ; . /
. / ().
, . (
; . ).
:
1. :
1. ? ? ? 2.
? 3. , ? 4. ? 5. ? 6. ? 7. ?
2. . .
3. , :
?
1. . 2.
? 3. .
4. . 5.
. 6. . 7.
.
4. :
) ? ) ?
) ? )
? ) ?
) ? )
? ) ? )
37

 ? ) ? )
? ) ?
5. (, , ,
, , , , ):
1. ... . 2.
... . 3. ... . 4. ...
. 5. ... ,
... . 6. ... . 7. ... .
8. ... . 9. ... .
6. /Coordinate the adjectives and prepositions with the nouns.
) ( ) .
) ( ) . )
( , ) .
) ( )
. ) ( ) .
7. .
1. . 2.
. 3. . 4.
, , . 5.
. 6. . 7.
. 8. .
8. , , , . ?
9. , : , / , ?
10. ,
.

1. :
1.1. ?
...
1 . .
38

2. .
3. .
1.2. ?
...
1. .
2. .
3. .
1.3. ?
...
1. .
2. .
3. .
2. :
1. ... . 2. ... . 3. ... . 4. ... . 5.
... . 6. ... . 7.
... .
(1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. .
6. . 7. ).
3. (, , , , , ):
1. ... . 2. ...
. 3. ... . 4. ... . 5. ... . 6. ... .
7. ... . 8. ... . 9. ...
. 10. ...
.
4. :
10.30 (, ) ...
10.05 (, ) ...
9.50 (, ) ...
10.15 (, ) ...
9.45 (, ) ...
5. (, , , , , ,
) :
1. ... 7 .
2. ... 2 .
3. ... 1 .
4. ... 2 .
5. ... 0,5 . ... .
39

6. ... 8 . ... 21 .
7. ... 1,2 .
6. :
1. ... . 1.
2. ... .
1.
3. ...
.
1.
4. ... .
1.
5. ... .
1.
6. ... .
1.

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

7. :
1). (... ... ...) . 2).
(... ...) . 3).
(... ..., ... ...) . 4). (... ... ... ...) . 5).
(... ... ... ...) . 6).
(...) . 7). (...
, ...) .

40

 3
/CITY

1: /Where things are situated?

:

/
/
/ ...
, (?)

, ,
(? / )
(-),
(-), (-)
, ;

, /

(-)

,
( , -.)

C/

to be situated
to be located
to be placed
to be extended for ...
kilometers along (smth.)
extent
to be, to visit some place,
to be present smwh.
the length of a street (streets),
of highways, avenues
a long street, highway;
a long (extended) city
to found, to build a city
the number of population
sights of the city
to orient oneself, orientation
excursion, city tour;
to make a tour

:
1. ?
. ?
(last year).
(peculiar) . ?
(narrow).
, 90 .
41

 , (to get lost), .

? .
(are attached to) : 2- .
?
20 , 2- 50 .
?
.
2. , (by the way),
?
, . , , . .
(recently)
. - .
, (thus), . (similar) ... (I got it)!
, .
... , (power station),
? , ... ?
, , .
, . . , .
: .
3. (to advise),
?
, (popular) (), (), .
?
. (Central embankment). ?
, (once)
(folk festival).
, (liner)?
.
42

 , .
?
, . (perform) , .
, , , .
! . , , .
:

VI
(sentry post),
- (the Mongol-Tatar raids).
,
, . , , . 1589
(shi ps) ...
- (a fortress-settlement).
. VII
.
, .
(origin)
. ,
(adopted Christianity)
. .
,
. ,
.
(tri ple name): .
1925 . (after the
denouncement of Stalins cult of personality) 1961 .
. (about) 90 . ,
20 . ,
,
43

, . 2- . 50 .
.
(chain),
, (each link of which, eight districts),
,
(is an independent mini-city), (is
part and parcel of) . :
, , , , , , , , . .
,
. 160 (
) .
, (such plants as...) , , , .
,
(), (),
. .
(to contribute) , , ,
(unique optical equi pment).
.
1980 , . , (to rename) .
(are pround of its glorious history).
1. :
1. / ? 2. ? 3.
? 4. ,
(What did you learn about the history
of the citys foundation, about the origins of its name)? 5. ? 6. ? 7.
? 8.
? 9. ? 10.
44

 ? 11. ? 12. ?
(Learn how
to use the location verbs)
=/,
, / - , : (/)
. () .
/ = /
-, - :
/ (/) , , , ; .
=/ , , : - (/) .
/ :
/ .
:
1. , .
2. :
1. ... . ...
. 2. ... . ...
. 3. ... , , , -. ... . 4. ... ,
... -. 5. ...
. ... . 6. ... . ... ,
, .
3. ,
?
1. .
. 2. .
. 3.
, , , 45

-. . 4. VI
. VII -. 5.
.
.
6. . , , .
4. ,
.
, , ,
-; (/ ; ).
, -. ,
( , ,...; ).
, -. ( 5
, ...).
, -., -.; , ( ,
; ).
5. , , , , , , ...
... , ,
, .
... , ;
.
... ,
.

46

 2: /Sights of the city

:
?

2-

(, )?
..
( ..)?

?

, ...
( )

?

( ..)?
. .
( ..)?

( , ...)

(-
, ...)

(- )
() (in whose
honour this district was
named)?
. . ?

(, )?
. .
(, )?

(,
)

47


(, )?
(,
(, )
)?


?

?
. . (-,-,-)
?
(-,-,-)
?
?
?

?
. .
?

/?
( )
(-,-,-)
(-,-,-) ()
?
( )

()
?

(
, )

,

( ,
)
(
, )
, -
,
( )
, 1589
( )

() 1960

:
1. ?
, . . , .
48

 .
.
(shall we walk)?
! , (bus tour).
2. , , . . . ?
, .
, ? (is being pulled down)?
(is being restored)? ,
? ? ?
(you have showered
me with questions)!
3. ?
? - .
? .
.
! (distinctly)
!
, (is clearly visible)!
4. , .
, (dont get lost). ,
?
, . ,
?
.
?
. , . , , , ,
, , .
?
.
. .

49

 :

.
. (with the highest
water-level) . (spring)
. , , ,
.
.
, ,
(events) . - . (Civil War)
(a lot of workers and captured Red Army soldiers
were shot). (in the memory of those victimes)
.
(Eternal
Fire). .
, , , , , .
, (immortalized) , .
,
. ,
. (mill). -
(architectural
composition). : ,
(reconstructed) .
(sacred place). (grand)
-, (defence) . (introductory) , , , -, ;
, 50

 (pool), ; .
-,
. .
(ferrous concrete), 52 , (is not attached to its base), (weight)
(calculations). .
:
1. . 4748, , , .
2. .
, (
, , , ,
)?
3. , ,

()

?
?
( ) ?
?
?
?

4. /Choose the correct answer. .

, .
?
.
.
.
. ?
.
.
-.
.

51


?
.
.
.
.
?
.
.
.
.
5. :
1. - ?
2. -? 3. ? 4. ? 5.
- ? 6. - ? 7. ? 8. ? 9. ? 10. ?

(the construction verbs)!
/

to found
(?)

a city

to build

to construct
(?)

a monument
to erect

6. , ,
, , :
1. VI .
2. VII (it was removed) ,
, (was falling into) . 3. (its hard to believe),
. 4.
52

 . 5. (crowns) -.
7. - , , .

1. :
1. - ... .
1.
2.
2. ... .
1.
2.
3. ... .
1.
2.
4. ... .
1.
2.
5. ... , , .
1.
2.
6. ... .
1.
2. .
2.
(; ; ; )?
1. ... . 2. ... . 3. ...
. 4. ... . 5.
... . 6. ... . 7.
... .
3. :
1. ... .
1.
2. ....
1.
3. ...
1.
4. ...
1.
5. ...
1.
53

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

6. - ...
1.

2.
.

4. ;
:
1. (-... ...). 2.
(... ...). 3. (...
... ...). 4. (
... ...). 5. (... ). 6.
(... ... .. ...). 7.
(... ...).
5. :
1. ... .
1.
2.
2. ... .
1.
2.
3. ... .
1.
2.
4. ... -.
1.
2.
5. ...
.
1.
2. .
6. :
...
...
...
...

54

 4
/MEANS OF
TRANSPORTATION

1: /City transport
:
:
City transport:
, ;
public, private;

cargo
(-), (-) Car, automobile; lorry, truck
()

A fixed-route taxi; an express bus
()

High-speed tram
,
To buy a ticket; to pay (for) the tri p
,
()
Season (privileged) bus, tram,
,
trolley ticket
,
/
To present/to show a (season) ticket
()

Rush hour
:
1. ?
, . 2- . .
(Im sorry to hear that).
,
: , , .
2. (stands) .
?
.
?
. , , , 55

 (underground) . (most
of its route) , (usual) ,
(faster).
3. ?
, (it gives you the right)
, .
, , (Its worth having for those who use city transport every day
making several changes along the way).
?
. ().

, 89, ,
, 56, (go back) ,
(overcrowded) . ,
, (do not worry). (are clustering around
the entrance door or standing on your way), : (, ) ? , (excusing
yourself), :
(forward or backward)/ - (move over)?. (you neednt)
,
, .
(fine for the absence of the ticket) . (ticket collectors) (strict) ,
( /passangers who
have no tickets), ,
(so that others did not do it again).
, , (stops are announced). (if
you did not quite get the name of the stop),
- : ( ),
?. , , (route unfamiliar for you) ,
56

 (to get off), , () (necessary)

, . ,
, :
( )?, .

( ..)

()
( ,
, )

!
? .
? .
? .
?
, (electric train).
:
1. :
? , .
? ...
? ...
?
...
? ...
? ...
? ...
2. -, -:
1. 2- ... , ... . 2. ...
2- , . 3.
... , - 75,
... . 4. ... ,
... . 5.
57

 ... , ...
. 6. ... : ... , . 7.
... , ... , ...
. 8. (stay-at-home person), ... ....
3. :
) , , ?
...
) , , 2-
?
...
?
...
) , , 10- ?
...
) , , 10-
?
...
!
, ( ), .
, ( ), .
.
4. :
. ?
. ...
. ...
. ...
. ...
.
...
5. :
58

1. 2- ? 2. ?
? 3. ? 4.
? 5.
? ( ?) 6. ?
7. , : ? 8. ,
? 9. ? 10. ? 11. ( )?
6. (which
places do the city people usually choose for their meetings)? - - , . .
!
/ ..., ... = / (.) ,
/ () .
7. /, /, /:
1. ... ? 2. ...
. 3. ...
2. 4. , , ...,
? 5. , ..., , . 6. . ... ? 7. ? , , ...
8. .
1. ..., ? 2. ...,
, ? 3. , ...,
. 4. ? , ..., .
5. ..., , ?
6. ..., , .
9. ,
.
1. ? 2.
? 3. ? 4. ? 5. ? 6. ? 7.
?
( : , , , ,, ,
).
59

10. /give negative answers

according to the example: ? ?
, .
1. ? ?
2. ? ?
3. ? ? ?
4. (see off) ?
?
5. ? ?
11. ,
.
1. , ?
, ... 2. , ? , ... 3. ,
? , ...
4. , ?
...

60

 2: /How to get there?

:
(?) , ...
/
( ?) ,
, , ...
(?) , ,
,
/
(?) , ...

a five-minute walk
side-street (dead alley)
bus-stop
cross-road
telephone-booth

1. , ,
(its better)
?
.
? .

(terminus)
.
? ,
(turn left),

100 .
2.
?

? ,
(turn
round the corner).
?
.
.
12
,

.

3. , , , .
61



?
.
. ? . 12 (
).
.
.
4.
?

(to the center)

;
,
,
.
? , .

, ,
?

,
(to change)
4,

.
:
, , ,
?
: ,
, ,
.
, ,
?
, ,
, .
, ?
: ,
;
,
.

/ , ,

62

, , .., .
!
,
= ,
.
:
1. , :
, ,
... (to look round)

?
, ... ?
?
...
?
... ?
...
?
!
(? ?)

()
= /

...




...

2. , (transport map) , .
, ?
, .
. ?
. .
.
.
3. , ,
63

 ,
( , ).
4. , ,
, , , , , ; ,
?
5. :

- ?

?
?
?
?
?
?
6. , , ;
.
7. :
) ,
; ,
(it turns out that you
are walking the wrong way and its better to take a bus and to go until
the next stop);
) ,
; , , , (youare walking to your
friends place that youve visited only once; you do not quite remember
the right way and are doubtful where to go next).
8.
(How I got lost in Volgograd).

64


1. :
1.1. , ?
...
1. , .
2. .
3. .
1.2. ?
...
1. .
2. . 34.
3. .
1.3. , , ?
...
1. .
2. .
3. .
2. : ; ; ; .
3. :
1. ... , , ... . 2. ...
2- , . 3.
... , - 75, ...
. 4. ... ,
... . 5. ... , ...
. 6. ... : ... , . 7. ...
, ... , ... . 8.
(stay-at-home person), ... ....
4. ?
, , ;
, , ;
, , .
5. : , , ...?
1. ... 8. 2. ... ... . 3.
65

... . 4. ...
. 5. ... !
6. :
6.1. , , .
?
1. .
2. .
3. .
6.2. . ?
1. .
2. .
3. .
6.3. , .
?
1. ?
2. ?
3. .
7. :
1. ...
2. ...
3.
, ...
4. ...
5. ...

66

 5
/SHOP

1: /Where things can be

bought?
:
,
grocery store

food

shop, drug store
()
manufactured goods

indispensable goods
()
supermarket

-//
self-service
(-)
buyer(s)
(-)
sellers(s)
/
to sell
/
to buy
/,
to pay (money)
-.
for smth.
/
to pay out

department

counter
(-)
shop window

market
, /
recei pt; to make out a recei pt
,
cash-desk; cashier
,
to cost; cost
( , , ) gueve/line (in the department;
at the cash-desk; at the counter)
/
to get into a line

:
1. , ?
?
, .
67

 , , .
, .
.
2. ?
.
, ?
. , , . (accompanying goods)
: , (various kitchen
staff) .. , .
.
, (disappeared).
(only the name).
3. (ink) .
?
.
?
, -, (stationery shop).
, (note-book)?
. , .
4. ?
, (bakers). - ?
. , , (a
loaf of bread).
? ?
. .
(Dont mention).
5. . ,
! (costs) (more
expensive), .
(to choose), . , (to look at the prices and to decide on the suitable
one with a seller).
68

 ?
: ,
..? ?. : , , ? (Could
you sell it for a lower price?).
.
, .
! : ,
, . ,
, (sweet
scent of spices), .
:
?
,
. , , , -, . (mysterious) . ,
:
(the question is) . , . , , , ,
, .
.
, .
, , (probably),
,
, . ,
, : ,
, .
, , , , (
):
, . ,

(accesories, sundries).
.
69

 - ,
.
: , , .
, : .
, , , .
: , .
, ,
, , .

, , .
, .
, , ,
, ,
.
: . ,
.
, , ,
, , , , .
, , .
!

: ()
()
()

> (),
>
(),
> ,
>
> ,

/
:
/=/
/ - - (
, , ).
/ , ( ).
70

/ ,
( ).
/ 1. , ( , , , ). 2.
, ( , , ,
, ).
/ ,
, (
, , ).
:
1. . .
1. .
... . 2. .
... . 3.
... .
2. , :
, , , ,
.
1. ... . 2. ... . 3.
... . 4. ... . 5. ... . 6. ... . 7.
... . 8. ... . 9. ... . 10.
... . 11. ... . 12. ... . 13. ... .
14. ... .
3. .
, .
1. ,
( , ). 2.
, ( ,
, ). 3. , (, ).
4. :
1. ? ? 2. ? 3.
? 4.
71

 ? ?
5. ? 6. ? ?
5. :
, , , ,,, , .
: , , , .
6. , :
) , ; )
- ; ) ; )
; ) ; )
; ) ; ) ; ) , .
7. : .
!
() ().

().
().
( ) .
.
8. :
1. , , . 2.
, , . 3. , . 4. ,
. 5. , . 6.
, . 7. ,
. 8. ,
.
9. : ,
, , ?, ?
10. ,
. , , , :
72

 . .
. . 35 .
, ?
!
:
:
, , ,
, ..., , ...,
... ?, , ,
... ?, ...?.
11. ,
, , , , , , , , , , .
12. , :
( ) ( ,
...)?
( , ...)?
( , , ...)?
() ( , ,
...).
, , (, , ...).
, , .

73

 2: /At a grocery
store
:

/ (?)
() ,
, , ...
() ,
, ,...
, ,
, , ,
,
,
, , ,

, ,
,
, , , ,
, ,

,
,
(, ,...)
,
,

balance; scales
to weigh
a kilo(gram) of oranges,
tomatoes, sausage,
frankfurters
half a kilo of cheeze,
butter, sugar...
a can of mayonnaise,
coffee, jam, compote,
tomatoes, cucumbers
a bottle of milk, mineral water,
juice, wine, oil
a box of chocolates, matches;
a pack of cigarettes; a carton of
juice
a packet of sugar, salt, coffee,
tea, cookies, butter, cigarettes
a bar of chocolate
fresh, not fresh, yesterdaymade, stale (bread)
white bread, wheat bread
brown, rye bread

1. , , ?
.
?
, .
74

 , ,
.
2. ?
.
.
?
.
3. ?
, .
, , .
. .
4. , ?
, (dairy department) ?
(line; queue), ,
.
?
.
(do you want the whole piece or shall
I cut it into pieces)?
, .
5. .
(plastic bag) ?
, , . ?
.
.
6. (dry wines) ?
: , , .
, , .
:

(grocery
store) . , . :
75

, , , , .
, ,
-, , .
(frozen food)
, , , , ;
, , .
. : ,
( ), , , .
, ,
(cash register) .
.
.
, ,
.
,
, , .
, .
. ,
. , .
, ,
. . ,
.
!
(.)
(.)
, ...
(cardinal numbers)
. .
,

, ,

..
,
(-//- )

76

. .
,

. .
,

. .
= . .

(-//- )

*
(-//- )

, ,

,
,

(-//- )

(-//- )


(-//- )

, ,

,
,

(-//- )

(-//- )


(-//- )

= . .

= . .

. .
, ,

,
,

,

. .
, ,

,

77

= . .

(-//- )

(-//- )

(-//- )

(-//- )

(-//- )


(-//- )
* /Case of nouns used with
compound numerals is determined by the last word in the compound
noun.
!
, : , , , , , ,
?, ?
/After the words that stand for an uncertain
number: many, a little bit, few, some, several, the majority, and also
after the words as much/many as the noun is used in genitive case
plural.
:
1. , , .
1. ? (10 .) 2. ? (33 .) 3. ? (1 .) 4.
? (36 . 50 .) 5. ? (8 .)
6. ? (53 . 65 .) 7. ? (12 . 70 .) 8. (22 . 15 .)
2. , : , .. :
. .
1. . 2.
. 3.
. 4. . 5.
. 6.
. 7. .
78

3. , , :
1. ...
, , , ,
, , ,
, ,
,
2. , , ...
, , ,
,
3. ...
, , , ,

4. , ,
...
, , ,
,
5.
, ,
4. :
1. , , ... , ... , ... . 2. ... , ... ... ,
... ... . 3. ... , ...
... . 4. ... . 5. ,
, 300 ... ... . 6. ... .
5. , :
1. ?

2. ?

3. ?

4. ?


5. ,
?

6. ?

6. (in the nearest) ,

?
: , , , ...
7. , , , , , , , (); ?
79

8. :
... . ... ...
, . ... , ... , ,
. ...? ... . ...
, ... . ...
, . :
... . , ... 26 .
... , : 15 ?.
: ... ?.
(, , , , , , , , ).
9. , ,
?

80

 3: /In a supermarket
:

(? ,
...
? ,
...)

, , ...

/ ,
...

things/goods
articles (what? metal,
plastic;
made of what? of metal,
of plastic)
clothing
footwear
size of a suit, jacket, shoes
to try smth. on
to try a dress, a suit

:
1. , , . . . .
?
, (cover). .
, , , . ?
. .
, ?
, .
?
, . , .
13.20.
.
(change), 80 .
.
2. , (casket).
?
, .
, .
?
. .
. .
81

 , . ?
, .
3. , !
?
, .
, .
, ?
?
.
.
, , . ?
. (fur),
. .
.
. .
4. . ?
, .
?
.
?
, , .
, . .
. ,
-, , .
, , . .
.
, 163 .
5. , , .
?
.
.
. ?
. .
.
?
, .
, , . .
82

6. ?
.
-?
. (tray) .
? .
. .
. ?
.
.
.
, (approve)? .
:

, ,
. .
(things that I really want to buy),
, ,
. .
(went) .
. ? ,
, ... ?
- .
(haberdashery) . . .
! . , , :
, .
. .
. ? : , , , , , .
, , , , , .
.
, . , ?
? , , ?
83

 . , , , .
! :
?
: ,
?.
: ,
, , ,
, , ,
. , ! . . . , .

, , , ; , , , ; , , , ; , ,
, ; , , , , ,
/
Shortened forms of adjectives such as , , , ; ,
, , ; , , , ; , , , ; , , , when used
with nouns of clothing, mean too big or too small:
. . .
.
:
. .
!
,
.
:
1. . : .
, , ,
, , , ,
, .
2. :
..., ..., 84

 ..., ..., ..., ..., ..., ...

!
. - ? .
3. :
1. . ... . 2. ...
. 3. ... . 4. ... . 5. ...
. 6. ... .
4. ? ?
5. , .
1. (, , ,
).
2. (, ,
, , , , , ).
3. (, , ).
4. ( ).
6. .
1. . 2.
. 3. ,
. 4. .
5. . 6.
. 7. . 8.
.
7. , , : ; ; ; ; ; ... ; ,
; ().

1. :
1.1. ?
...
1. , .
2. .

85

3. .
1.2. 13.20.
...
1. .
2. (change), 80 .
3. .
1.3. .
...
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
2. ;
?
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
3. .
1. .
... . 2. .
... . 3.
... . 4. , ... . 5.
... . 6. ...
(1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. ).
4. , :
)
)
)
)
)

)
) , .
5. , :
) ,
86

)
) ,
) ,
.
6. , , :
1. (..., ..., ..., ..., ..., ...).
2. , , (..., ... ...).
3. (..., ..., ..., ...).
4. , , (..., ...,
...).
5. (..., ..., ...).
.
7. :
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

87

 6
/MEALS

1: , , /breakfast, dinner, supper

:
,
Breakfast for breakfast;
during/at breakfast, to have breakfast
,
Dinner for dinner,

at dinner, to have dinner
,
Supper for supper,

at supper, to have supper
(-)
Snack(s)
(-), (-),
the first (second, third) course,
(-) (-)
for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd course
, ,

,
Food, meal

to eat
/,
to eat
/
, /
To cook, to prepare a meal, dinner
, ...
/,
To feed/to get smb. fed

:
1. ?
.
?
. .
, ?
. .
.
2. (tray) .
?
88

 .
. ?
.
?
.
?
(roast meat), .
?
, .
, ?
.
3. (cottage cheese) ?
.
?
(cooked semolina), (boiled buckwheat)
.
?
. ?
, , .
4. , /What on earth could
I have for supper?
, ? . .
. ?
, , .
. (at the same time) .
.
5. (shall we have time for
supper at the canteen)?
, . - .
.
(scrambled eggs): 5 .
, ?
.
. . .

89

 :
,
.
, : , , ,
(formal dinnerparty), .. ,
, , .
, (porridge),
- . , ,
, ,
(hard-boiled egg) (lightly-boiled egg).
, , (corn-flakes) (musli) .
, .
, .
. .
, , - , , , . -
. - , -
. , , .
. - , ,
, - (and some
people prefer nothing but a cup of kefir). .
(its not for nothing) :
, , .
.
: ,
, .

1. (imperative) , , , -
.
- -;
-:
90

-: , ; -: ,
-: , ; -: , .
2. (
, , , ,
), - -
- (-): , ,
. : , ,
, ,
, , ,
.
3. -
( -, -): c , ; , ; , ;
, .
:
1. .
1. , . () . 2. . () . 3. . ()
. 4. . ()
. 5. . () - . 6.
(I am thirsty). () . 7.
. () .
2. , :
) : , , , ,
, , , , ;
) : , , , , , , , , , , ,
.
3. , : /, /
, /, /, /,
/, /, /, /, /, /.
91

 !

(-)/verb (-) helps to express
your wish to do something together with the person youre talking to
at the moment:
(-) , (-) , .
()
, , :
() + 3-
:/If you order or permit the third person to do something, the
structure: () + 3rd person of a verb in Present or Future
form is to be used.
() ; () .
() ; ()
.
4. :
: - . .
1. 6 , .
... 2. - . ...
3. , . ... 4.
, . ...
5. , ,
() :
- ;
, ; ;
; ; .
6. , , :
1. ... . 2. ... .
3. ... , ... . 4. , ... . 5. , ...
.
(, , , ).
!

? , ,
? , ,
92

? , , , ,

? , , ,
, ().
7. ,
:
1. . ... . 2.
. ... . 3.
. ... . 4.
. ... . 5.
. ...
8. :
) , , , ;
) , , , ;
) , , , ;
) , , , .
9. ?
) ... ? , .
) ... ? .
) ... ? - .
) ... ? , , .
) ... ? ,
.
) ... ? .
) ...? .
) ... ? , , .
10. .
) () ().
) ().
) , () .
) ( ), .
) () .
) () , .
) () .
) () , ().

93

 !
.
.
11. :
1. ... . 2. ... . 3. ...
. 4. ... .
12. :
1. ? 2.
, , ? 3. ? 4.
? 5. ? 6.
? 7. : ?
8. ? 9.
?
13. , ,
.
14. :
. .
. .
, , .
, .

94

 2: /At a restaurant
:

(-)
(-) (-)

/ ,
, ,
,

Menu
Waiter(s)
Cutlery/silverware
Drinks
To order for the 1st
2nd, 3rd course, dessert
A toast to our meeting
to our friendshi p
Bill

:
1. ?
.
.
, ? - .
.
2. ?
, . . ?
?
, , , ...
, .
.
?
, , , , .
. ?
.
?
.
-.
. .
3. .
?
95

 , .
, . ?
-.
?
, , .
?
. , ,
. .
4. , ! !
. . . !
, .
? . - .
. .
, , , .
:

.
, - .
, , (we must be lucky today), .
? .
, , .
. .
, . .
?
- .
? .
! ! .
? .
. ?
.
-.
, , , 96

, , , ,
-, .
, . . ,
, ,
. , . ,
.

. , .
. . .
, .
.
, . .


-, -, -, -,
- , , ,
, , , /Pronouns
and adverbs -, -, -, -, -, etc. denote
things that are unknown for a speaker at the moment:
- . ,
.
- . ,
.
-, -, -,
-, -, -, -, -, -, - , , ,
, /Pronouns and
adverbs -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, - stand
for things that are known for the speaker and for his listener but the
speaker doesnt care about which things will be chosen:
, -.
, .
- .
97

, .
( ) , ,
/In questions the words of the 2nd group
(-, etc.) are used when the speaker wants to make sure if
this or that event took place:
- ? , ,
.
- ? , , ,
, .
:
1. .
) ... ; ) , ...
, ? )
... . ? ) ... ? ) ,
, ... ; ) , ...
; ) ...
.
: -, -, -, -,
-, -.
2. , , - -. , ( , ), (
, ..).
1. , (peculiarities)
(russian cuisin) , - . 2.
, . 3. ,
, - . 4. , . 5.
(he flatly denied), - . 6. - , (feast).

98

3. , , , :
1. ...
-
...
2. ...

...
3. ...

...
4. , ; , , :
1. ... ?
.
2. ... ?
.
3. ... ?
.
4. ... ?
.
5. .
1. Would you like to go and have dinner?
I would. I was just going to go.
Where shall we go?
We can go to the Cosmos cafe. The food is quite good there.
(lit. They cook quite well there.) And it isnt crowded now.
2. What shall we take for our first course? Are you going to
order a soup? What are you going to drink: juice or mineral water?
I would like to have some coffee.
3. I liked that mineral water very much. What is it called?
Borzhomi. Its Georgian mineral water.
4. I dont know what to take for my second course. Id advise you
to order a cutlet a la Volgograd. They are (lit. this is) very nice.
5. Will you please bring some salad and cold meat?
6. Give me the bill, please.
7. Pass the butter, please. Thank you.
8. Is this place free?
Yes, do sit down (please).
9. I usually have my breakfast and supper at home, and have lunch
at work. There is a good canteen at our institute. The food is very good
99

there and there is always a large choice of meat and fish courses.
6. , ,
?
7. : ) , ,
; ) .

1. .
1.1. . .
...
.
...
.
1.2. ?
...
.
...
. .
.
1.3. ...
.
...
.
1.4. ...
, .
...
-.
2. .
1. . () . 2.
. () - . 3. . () . 4. . () . 5. . () . 6.
(I am thirsty). () . 7. ,
. () .
3. :
1. - . ...
100

2. , . ...
3. , . ...
4. , ,
() :


,
,
.
5. :
1. ... . 2. ... . 3. ...
. 4. ... .
(1. 2. ).
6. :




(1. . 2. . 3.
. 4. ).
7. .
1. ... ; 2. , ... ? 3.
... . 4.
... , . 5.
(he flatly denied), ... . 6. ...
? 7.
, , ... . 8.
, ...
. 9. , ,
... . 10. ,
(peculiarities) (Russian cuisin) , ... .
(1. -. 2. -. 3. -. 4. -. 5. . 6. -. 7. -. 8. -. 9. -. 10.
-).

101

 7
/LEISURE

1: /Tell us about
your hobbies
:

hobby
(?)
to have a hobby, to be keen on smth.
,
leisure, at ones leisure

to spend time

spare time
,
rest, recreation; to have a rest

vacation

holiday
:
1. ?
, ,
, . ?
, ,
. .
2. ?
. ,
.
?
. .
, .
3. -?
: ,
, , . , . .
, ?
, . , ,
. , , .
102

4. . , .
, , , .
, , , .
(dont exaggerate!).
, .
, -. ,
, .
?
.
5. , ?
.
, ?
, . : ,
(anything for a quiet life).
, . ,
.
:
. ,
. ? ,
, .
, . : , ,
( ). - , : ,
.
. , .
, .
, ,
. , -, ,
, . -,
. ,
..,
.
: , , . - ,
- , -
103

 , - , . ,
- , , . .
- , - , ,
.. , .
, , (to realize
ones talant). , . 18-
. XIX ,
. ,
, ..
,
. , ,
. . . XIX
. .
,
/
,
:
, ?
? ; - ? ? (to be interested
in smth.)
/ /
-, - (to be keen on smth.)
:
1. :
: ?
, .
, ,
.
104

1. ? 2.
? 3. ? 4. ? 5. ? 6. ?
2. , ,
, .
: .
?
. ,
.
1. , ? 2.
-, ? 3.
? 4.
, ? 5.
, ? 6.
, ?
3. , .
: ?
, ,
. ( . .
. . . . .
).
!
1. ?
, .
2. ?
, - (amateur).
3. ?
, : , ..
4. ,
.
1. .
105

2. . 3. ,
. 4.
.
.
5. (Which verb
denotes a stronger feeling)?
...- , -
...- .
6. , , , ? :
)

)
?
.
?

.
?
.
7. :
1. ... / . :
) , ;
) , ;
) , ;
) , ;
) , .
2. ... / . :
) , ;
) , ;
) , ;
) , ;
) , .
3.
) ... /;
) ... /;
106

) ( )... /.
4. :
) ?
) ?
) ?
) ?
) , ?
5. ?
6. ?
8. , ?
:
...
...
...
, ...
...
...
...
...
- ...
,

107

 2: /Sport
:

, ...
( + .)

,
( + .)

/ ,
( ...)
/
, /

,
()/
()
,
( + . )

stadium
field
volleyball, basketball field
tennis court
gymnasium
swimming pool
skating-rink
tournament
world championshi p
competitions
training; coaching
match
champion
master of sport(s)
coach
to win a match,
a game (with a score of...)
to lose
to win, to gain a victory over
to make a draw;
to end the game with a score...
to gain first place
fan
to be a fan

:
1. ?
, .
?
,
.
?
108

 . .
, . .
?
, .
2. ! ?
, .
?
. .
, .
, , 2 : 1.
, ,
.
3. ! ?
.
? ?
, . .
.
? ?
. 0 : 0 (-).
, . .
.
, , , ?
5 : 3 .
4. ?
. .
! .
.
?
. . .
: ,
. .
:
?
? .
109

 , - . ,
,
. .
,
. , ,
, . ,
,
, . ,
. , .
,
.
,
, (routinely) . , . ,
, .
, , ,
.
, , ,
.
. ,
, , - , (to postpone) . , . ,
.
, , , ,
. : .

( . ) , , : , , ,
.
/ 1) -.
110

, , : / , , , -; 2) -. -.
: / , .
/ ,
..; /:
, , .
:
1. , , ,
.
. ... .
... ... 1 : 3. ... .
, . ...
: ... , ...
... .
2. , :
, -, , , , .
1. ... . 2. ... ? 3.
... . 4. ... ? , ... . 5.
... .
3. , , .
.
.

.

.
.
.
4. , .
1. ... ?
, .
2. ... ?
.
3. ... ?
111

 .
4. ... ?
.
5. ... ?
, .
6. ... ?
.
7. ... ?
3 : 1.
5. :
1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4.
? 5. ? (/crawl, /
breaststroke) 6. ? 7.
? 8.
? 9.
, , ? 10.
, , , ? 11. - ?
6. , , .
...

...


... ?

...

...

...

7. , ,
.
...

... .

...

...?

...

...?

...
,
112

8. , ,
.
1. ...? ...? ... .
, ...! ... ? -, ... . ... ? , ...
. ( ).
2. ... ? , ... ,
... . ... ? ...
. ... ? ...
. , ... . ...? ...
. ... ? , ... .
( /).
3. ...? ... : .
... ? ... . ..., ?
... , ... . (
).
9. /Change the sentences into reported
speech.
1. :
?
?
?
2. :
.
.

.
3. :
?
?
?
4. :
.
.
.
10. .

. , .
113

 , :
, , .
:
, ?
, . . :
? ?
11. , :
, ,
(), , () , , ,
.

114

 3: /you favourite
type of part?
:
,
Theater; opera/balet house; drama
,
and comedy theatre; musical

comedy/operetta house;
(), ,
puppet-show; variety show/music
,
hall; theatre for the young.

Conservatory

Philarmonic Society

circus
()
community centre

concert hall
( )
theatre lover/theatre goer

, ,
, ,

balet, arts,
jazz, pop music,
folk music admirer

:
1. , .
-?
, , (to have a
good time).

. (under conduct
of Serov).
, .
, , (you wont stay indifferent).
, .
2. , (plays on tour)
? (waterfall) .
: (performing) , .
115

 . ,
. !
. (I tried to find out about tickets). (no
tickets for today).
, . .
3. , ?

.
?
(approach)
(the drama). , ,
, .
:

, , . .
(plays) (are of great success) ,
(in succession), ,
.
- , ,
, , .
, ,
.
-
. XVIII
(of different styles). , ,
.

(heated discussions). (on the
whole) 116

, . (compare) , , . ,
-, . , ,
.
(How far a theatre can go in its performance of a classical
play)? , , , . ,
, ,
(it doesnt belong to time).
, . , , ,
, . ,
, .
, /
(to love, to like):

, .
, , . , ,
. , , . . (The verbs and may correspond as
with animate as with inanimate objects. The difference between them is
not only in the degree of feeling. Its important to mention that always stands for a lasting feeling and cannot correspond with
short-lived objects. For example, one cannot this apple,
tonight party. The verb has no such restrictions).
:
, ...
, ...

117

, :
-/ -/
-.
:
1. (
, ): 1)
; 2) ; 3) ; 4)
; 5) ; 6) .
2. ,
: : ? , -. , -; -? ,
-. ,
-.
1. ? 2. ? 3.
? 4. ? 5.
? 6. ?
3. , () .
1. . ... . 2.
. ... . 3. ... .
4. ... . 5. , ... . 6.
. ... . 7. ,
... . 8. , ... . 9.
... . 10. ... -
.
! ;

* , ( ;
); ,
, , ( .
? ?)/if we talk
118

about some purposive act we use verbs and (

; ); talking about perception that
may be as purposive as casual, we use verbs and (
. ?
?).
** ,
( / / ), ,
/you may use both and when speaking about
a movie or play ( / / ) but only
should be used when you speak about TV programs ( ).
*** , . ( ? ?)/in questions the future form of the verb is never used
with names of plays, TV programs. The verb is used in this
case. ( ? ?)
4. .
. :
1. ... . 2. ... ?
3. ... . 4. ... . 5.
... . 6. ...
.
. / /:
1. ... ? , ... . 2.
... , . 3.
, ... . 4. ...
. ... , , ... . 5. ... . 6. ...
? 7. ... ?
5. :
5.1. , ? : ?
5.2. , ?
, ?

119

6. , ... ,
, , , , ( ) , , , , ,
, , , ; ...
, -,
, ? ? , -
? (Continue this sequence. How many suffixes you can see here?
Which of them we use more often which is the most popular one ?
Perhaps some of them have international meaning and are used in your
native language?).
7. , :
(?) .
, . (-) ...
-. (-) ...
. + .
... , ...
... ...

1. :
1.1. ?
...
1. , .
2. .
3. -.
1.2. ?
...
1. .
2. .
3. .
1.3. ?
...
1. , , .
2. .
3. .
120

2. : ?
1. ... . 2. ...
, . 3. ... , ... .
4. ... . 5. ...
.
3. (1), (2), / (3), / (3).
. ... .
... . ...
. ... . ,
-.
... .
4. , , :
1. ... ... . 2. ... ...
. 3. ... ... . 4.
... ... ? , . 5. ... ... .
5. :
1. (... ). 2. (... ...). 3. (... ...).
4. (... ...) 5. (...
...) - (...) .
6. (, , , , , ,
) ?
1. ... . 2. , ...! 3. ...
. 4. ... . 5. ... .
6. ... , ... .
7. (
, ):
1. .. ...
2. ...
3. .. ...
4. ..
5. ...
8. ( ;
):
121

1. ... . 2. ...
. 3. ... , ? 4.
... , ? 5. ... : ? 6. ...
.
9. :
1. , ...
2. , ...
3. , - ...
4. , ...
5. , ...

122

 8
/TRAVEL

1: /choosing an itinerary
:

/
( , ,
...)
( ,
)
/

, ...
, - , ...

(-) ,
,

route, itinerary
to choose an itinerary
tri p (round the country,
abroad, to Moscow)
journey, tri p
to journey; to travel
cruise round the
Mediterranean sea
tour, shop tour around Italy
tourist
travel agency

:
1. ! .
, , ?
, -, ,
. ?
.

245 $, 460 $, 690 $.
.
, ,
, ,
500 .
. .
.
123

2. , ,
(tourist vouchers) .
.
?
?
.
?
.
... , ...
,
. , .
, .
3. ,
?
, , .
.
,
.
?
, : , , -, , , , .
,
(handicraft).
, (everywhere) , (trays) (caskets) , .
, ,
.
:
(travelling abroad) . ,
, .
. , ,
(to make enquiries), , , .
124

 , . ? , , ,
, ? ,
? ?
, ,
,
, .
, , ?
-, ,
, 105 . - , (drawbridges),
; ,
. , , .
, . ..., ..., ..., ... . !
, /
/ 1./ ,
, , : /
, , ... (to choose). 2.
-. ; : /
(to elect).
( ) ,
/: , (a choice always
singular in Russian).
( ) (, ..) (election always
plural in Russian).

125

:
1. ;
.
, , ; ,
; ; ; ();
(? ?); ; () .
, , , ;
; ; ,
, .
2. , .
1. . ,
, ..., . 2.
... . 3. ,
... . 4. ...
. 5. ... . 6. - ... . 7. ... .
3. , /. , ?
1. . 2.
, . 3.
() . 4.
. 5.
() . 6. . 7. ,
, .
!
1.
/

? + . .
( , )

? + . .
( )
? + . .
( )

126

? + . .
( , )

/
2. ?

? + .
( )

()
()
4. :
?
?
?
?
?
? ?
? ,
, , , ?
? ?
? ?
, , ?
5. :
1: - ? , . , .
( , , , , , , , , ).
2: , ?
, , . , , , . (, , -, , ).
6. . ,
, , .
( , ,
127

 , ,
, , ,
).
7. :
1. , ,
, . ,
.
2. , . ,
, .
3. , , ,
; , . , ,
.
8. .
, : ... ... ... ... ...
9. , .
10. , :
, ...
... ...
..., ... ...
!

128

 2: /Its good to go by
train
:
(-) /booking-office
/train schedule
?
?

,

,

8-
311:

:
1. , , ?
. ?
1. 10.26?
, .
! ?
: , .
: 15 ()
: , , .
, .
2. , ?
, , 2
.
, ?
18 ,
, 22 .
?
14.30 18.08.
, , , 14.30.
: (compartment carriage), 129

 (carriage with numbered reserved seats)?

; , , ,
.
3. !
. ?
, .
.
.
. ?
. .
.
. ?
4. , .
.
?
,
.
?
30 % .
, .
:
, ,
. : 2: , ,
3, 14.30.
(platform). .
.
(conductor; guard). :
?
. ? , . !
?
, . .
, ?
, . -, .
, . .
, 130

 (bedclothes). .

(baggage compartment), (fellow-travellers). : ,
. :
?
. , , .
, . .
.
.
, .
. . . .
. :
, ?
. .
, , . ,
- ?
, .
? ?
. ?
. .
. :
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134

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train is good, but by plane is better
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flight to Moscow, to Volgograd
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registration (of tickets and baggage)
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142


1. .. : . ., 1985.
2. .. .
: . ., 1989.
3. .. . , .
., 1991.
4. .. .
. ., 1987.
5. .., ..
- 3 . . ., 1990.
6. .. . . ., 1987.
7. .. : .. -. . 1.
, 1997.
8. .., .. : . -2. ., 1986.
9. - ( ) / . .
.. , .. . ., 1985.
10. .. : .
. ., 1995.
11. - / . .. , . , .. . ; , 1988.
12. .., .. : . -1. ., 1985.
13. -3. :
/ .. , .. . ., 1983.
14. .. - (
). ., 1992.
15. .. -:
. ., 1993.

143

-

-

..
..
..
..

020406 12.02.97
30.09.99. 6084/16.
1. . . . . 8,3.
.-. . 9,0. 100 .
. 42.

.
400062, , . 2- , 30.