Military Architecture History

The Architecture
of the Department of Defense

/Mi|ilc(ySly|eGuice
Miche||eMichce|cnc/ccmSmilh
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The Architecture of the Department of Defense
A Military Style Guide
Michelle Michael
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Adam Smith and Jennifer Sin
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Prepared for: DoD Legacy Resource Management Program
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ii Ihe/(chileclu(ecflheDepc(lmenlcfDefen:e
Final Report
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DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does
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DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.
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iii Ihe/(chileclu(ecflheDepc(lmenlcfDefen:e
Acknowledgements
ne Acn|tectue c| tne Decctnent c| De|ene. A
/|'|tcvStv'eGu|cewc:mccepc::iL|ewilhc::i:lcnce
f(cm cnc ene(c| uiccnce cf lhe Depc(lmenl cf
Defen:e {DcD) Leccy Fe:cu(ce Mcncemenl F(c-
(cm.unce(p(cjeclnumLe(10-12.
Ihe p(cjecl lecm wcu|c |ike lc lhcnk lhe :uppc(l
cf lhei( ccmmcnc: cnc :upe(vi:c(:: Ncvc| Fcci|ilie:
Eninee(in Ccmmcnc Sculhec:l {N/VF/C SE)
Hi:lc(ic F(e:e(vclicn Cffce(. Len Winle(. cnc lhe
Eninee(Fe:ec(chcncDeve|cpmenlCenle({EFDC)
Ccn:l(uclicn Eninee(in Fe:ec(ch LcLc(clc(y
{CEFL) Lcnc cnc He(ilce Ccn:e(vclicn 8(cnch
Chief Ch(i:lcphe( While. Ihcnk: i: exlencec lc
lhe in:lc||clicn :lcff cl 8c(k:cc|e /i( Fc(ce 8c:e.
:pecifcc||y Gc(y Mcckey. :lcff cl Ncvc| /i( Slclicn
Fen:ccc|c. FL. :pecifcc||y Cc((ie 8cu(eci:. cnc
:lcff cl Jcinl Fe:e(ve 8c:e New C(|ecn:. :pecifcc||y
Dcnny Nichc|:. fc( lckin lhe lime lc ive lcu(: cnc
cn:we( cue:licn:. Ihe Sly|e Guice wcu|c ncl hcve
Leen c :ucce:: wilhcul lhe pclienl cnc lhcuhlfu|
(eview cf Cc((ie 8cu(eci:. /(chcec|ci:l. N/VF/C
SE. N/S Fen:ccc|c. FL: F. C(i:: He|mkcmp. Cu|lu(c|
Fe:cu(ce: Mcnce( {CFM). Fc(l Kncx. KY: K(i:lin Lechy.
/(chileclu(c| Hi:lc(icn wilh lhe /(my Envi(cnmenlc|
Ccmmcnc: Ch(i: McDcic. CFM. Jcinl 8c:e Lcn|ey-
Eu:li:.V/:Heclhe(McDcnc|c./(chileclu(c|Hi:lc(icn
cncCcmmunilyF|cnne(.N/VF/CMic-/l|cnlic:Jchn
Fc:e.ln:lc||clicn/(chilecl.Fc(l8(c.NC:DeLc(ch
Ihc(p.CcmmcncCFM.HC/EIC//7C.Fcncc|ph/F8.
IX:MecnIccke(.Lcnc:ccpe/(chilecl.EFDC/CEFL:
cnc F(cfe::c( Jchn C. Wcle(:. Hi:lc(ic F(e:e(vclicn
F(c(cm. Unive(:ily cf Gec(ic.
Miche||e Michce| cnc /ccm Smilh wcu|c |ike lc
exp(e:: lhei( (cliluce lc Jennife( Sin fc( he( pclience
cncelilccne:pi(illhclen:u(eclheccmp|elicn
cncu|limcle:ucce::cflhi:p(cjecl.
Ihe(ewi||Lec|imilecnumLe(cfp(inlecLcck|el:cnc
cne|ecl(cnicve(:icnwi||Lecvci|cL|ecnlheDefen:e
Envi(cnmenlc| lnfc(mclicn Exchcne {DENlX). /n
hcne:l cllempl wc: mcce fc( lhi: Lcck|el lc Le c:
ccmp(ehen:ive cnc u:e(-f(ienc|y c: pc::iL|e. Ihe
:u(fcce cf lhe mi|ilc(y c(chileclu(c| invenlc(y hc:
cn|y Leen :c(clchec cnc mcny excmp|e: hcve
Leencmillec.lnevilcL|y.:cmelhinwi||Le|eflcul.lf
:cmelhinhc:Leen|eflcullhclycufee|i:impc(lcnl.
p|ec:e |el u: kncw cnc. if we hcve lhe hcnc( cf
upcclinlhi:Lcck|elinlhefulu(e.ilwi||Lecccec.
iv Ihe/(chileclu(ecflheDepc(lmenlcfDefen:e
Acknowledgements iii
Introduction 1
Georgian 1700-1850 8
Federal 1780-1825 10
Classical Revival 1780-1850 12
Greek Revival 1820-1875 14
Renaissance Revival 1820-185 1
Gothic Revival 1840-185 18
Italianate 1850-180 20
Octagon 1830-180 22
Second Empire 180-185 24
Civil War 181-185 2
Stick 180-180 28
Queen Anne 1880-110 30
Shingle 1880-105 32
Romanesque Revival 1870-100 34
Rustic 1870-140 3
Beaux Arts 1885-140 38
Neoclassical Revival 185-150 40
Colonial Revival 1880-140 42
Table of Contents
v Ihe/(chileclu(ecflheDepc(lmenlcfDefen:e
Prairie 100-140 44
Bungalow 100-135 4
World War I 117-11 48
Spanish Revival 115-140 50
French Revival 115-140 52
Dutch Colonial Revival 1880-140 54
Tudor Revival 100-145 5
Georgian Revival 1880-140 58
Art Deco 120-145 0
Art Moderne 120-145 2
International (Early) 125-148 4
World War II 13-145
Minimal Traditional 135-155 8
Ranch 135-175
International (Late) 14-15 70
Mid-Century Modern 150-175 72
New Formalism 15-175 74
Expressionism 15-175 75
Brutalism 15-180 7
Architecture in DoD since Mid-Century 77
vi Ihe/(chileclu(ecflheDepc(lmenlcfDefen:e
Bibliography 81
Photo Credits 83
Locations 85
Glossary 87
Index 100
Table of Contents cont.
1 Ihe/(chileclu(ecflheDepc(lmenlcfDefen:e
Introduction
/ l(ip lc lhe |ccc| c( cn|ine Lcck:lc(e (evec|: lhcu-
:cnc: cf Lcck: cn mi|ilc(y hi:lc(y cnc hunc(ec: cf
Lcck:cnhi:lc(icc(chileclu(e.Lullhelwchcvencl
Leen jcinec lc fc(m c mi|ilc(y c(chileclu(e Lcck.
Ihi:Depc(lmenlcfDefen:e{DcD)LeccyFe:cu(ce
Mcncemenl F(c(cm p(cjecl. ne Acn|tectue c|
tne Decctnent c| De|ene. A /|'|tcv Stv'e Gu|ce.
cllempl: lc ch(cnic|e lhe evc|ulicn cf mi|ilc(y c(chi-
leclu(c| :ly|e: cnc p(cvice: uiccnce fc( lhei( icenlif-
cclicn.lhe(efc(ep(cmclinlhe:lewc(c:hipcfDcD:
hi:lc(ic c(chileclu(e whi|e :uppc(lin lhe mi|ilc(y:
mi::icn. Ihi: p(cjecl i: c|:c lhe cu|minclicn cf kncw|-
ece f(cm :eve(c| Leccy p(cjecl: cnc lhe icec cf
lwcc(chileclu(c|hi:lc(icn:whcwc(kwilhinDcD.
ln 2007. Miche||e Michce|. cl lhcl lime wc(kin cl
Fc(l 8(c in Nc(lh Cc(c|inc {ncw wilh N/VF/C SE).
hcclhep(ivi|eecfmcncincnccc-culhc(inlhe
De|gnGu|ce'|ne|cDecctnentc|De|eneH|tc|c
8u|'c|ng cnc D|t|ct. Ihcl p(cjecl inc|ucec cn c(-
chileclu(c| :ly|e :eclicn Lul c|:c (evec|ec lhe neec
fc(mc(e:lucycnlhe:ly|e:cfmi|ilc(yc(chileclu(e.ln
fccl. cu(in cne cf lhe p(cjecl L(iefn:. cn /i( Fc(ce
cffce( ccmmenlec lhcl lhe(e :hcu|c Le c Lcck. Ihu:.
lhi:icecwc:Lc(n.
/ccm Smilh. cn c(chileclu(c| hi:lc(icn wilh EFDC/
CEFLinChcmpcin.l||inci:.hc:wc(keccncczen:cf
hi:lc(icLui|cinp(cjecl:wilhinDcD.inc|ucinhi:lc(ic
ccnlexl:. c(chileclu(c| :u(vey:. Nclicnc| Fei:le( cf
Hi:lc(ic F|cce: e|iiLi|ily (epc(l:. cnc vc(icu: mi|ilc(y
Lui|cin hi:lc(ic ccnlexl:.
Ihi:p(cjecl:hcwcc:e:lhewec|lhcfhi:lc(icc(chilec-
lu(ewilhinlhefence|inecfmi|ilc(yin:lc||clicn:{Lclh
cpencncc|c:ec).Ihe(ei:c|:ccneecfc(lhi:puL|i-
cclicnf(cmc(eu|clc(y:lcncpcinl.DcDi:cFece(c|
cencycnci:(e:pcn:iL|efc(lhe:lewc(c:hipcfhi:-
lc(ic p(cpe(lie: unce( lhe Nclicnc| Hi:lc(ic F(e:e(vc-
licn/clcf1.Hcweve(.lhe(ec(ecn|ychcncfu|
cf c(chileclu(c| hi:lc(icn: wilhin DcD. Mcny cu|lu(c|
(e:cu(ce:mcnce(:ccnclhcvec(chileclu(c|c(c(-
chileclu(c| hi:lc(y Lcck(cunc:. Yel. lhey c(e lc:kec
wilh ccmmunicclin wilh c(chilecl:. p|cnne(:. Slcle
Hi:lc(ic F(e:e(vclicn Cffce(: {SHFC). cnc clhe( inle(-
e:lec pc(lie: (ec(cin :inifccnl chc(ccle(-cefnin
feclu(e: cnc c(chileclu(c| inle(ily. / |c::c(y cf c(-
chileclu(c| le(m: cnc chc(ccle(-cefnin feclu(e: i:
inc|ucecinlhi:uice.Leinnincnpce87.
Ihi: Sly|e Guice i: inlencec lc p(cvice uiccnce lc
lhc:e mcnce(: cnc lc c::i:l lhem wilh icenlifyin
chc(ccle(-cefnin feclu(e: cnc ccmmunicclin ef-
feclive|ywilhSHFC.p|cnne(:.p(cjeclmcnce(:.cnc
ccmmcnce(:.lli:c|:cimpc(lcnllcnclelhclinc|u:icn
in lhi: Lcck cce: ncl :inify c Lui|cin: e|iiLi|ily fc(
|i:lininlheNclicnc|Fei:le(cfHi:lc(icF|cce:.Dele(-
minin Nclicnc| Fei:le( e|iiLi|ily (ecui(e: :inifccnl
(e:ec(ch cnc ccnlexl ceve|cpmenl-:imp|y :cyin
lhcl c Lui|cin i: c ccc excmp|e cf c :pecifc lype
c( :ly|e cf c(chileclu(e i: ncl encuh infc(mclicn lc
cele(mine e|iiLi|ily. Fc( mc(e infc(mclicn (ec(cin
Nclicnc| Fei:le( e|iiLi|ily. ccn:u|l Nclicnc| Fei:le(
8u||elin15.HcwtcAcc'vtneNct|cnc'Feg|teC|te|c
|cFvc'uct|cn.cvci|cL|ecnlheNclicnc|Fc(kSe(vice
weL:ile cl hllp://www.np:.cv/n(/puL|icclicn:/Lu|-
|elin:/pcf:/n(L15.pcf.
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Ihe c(chileclu(c| infuence cf c Lui|cin i: evicenl in
il: :hcpe. mcle(ic|:. celci|:. cnc clhe( feclu(e: lhcl
ci:linui:h cne Lui|cin f(cm cnclhe(. Mcny c(chi-
leclu(c| infuence: c(e fcunc lh(cuhcul lhe Unilec
Slcle:.Ihe:eevc|vecc:nclicnc|l(enc:cnc(eicnc|
lc:le: chcnec. /(chileclu(c| infuence: ccn inciccle
lhelimec(pe(icccfcLui|cin:ccn:l(uclicn.c:we||
c:lhel(enc:cflheccunl(ycnc(eicncllhcllime.
8ui|cin: cn mi|ilc(y in:lc||clicn: c(e nc exceplicn cnc
lhei( c(chileclu(c| infuence: (efecl lhe hi:lc(icc| evc-
|ulicncflhein:lc||clicn.lhemi|ilc(y:e(vice.cncDcD.
Ihe:e infuence: hcve Leen cclec(izec inlc :ly|e: lc
cllempl lc icenlify :inifccnl feclu(e: cnc lc :imp|ify
lhe c(chileclu(c| icenlifcclicn. ll i: impc(lcnl lc ncle
lhcllheevc|ulicncf:ly|e:wilhinDcDcce:nclmclch
lhe civi|icn ccle: fc( lhe :ly|e exccl|y. Mc(e cflen lhcn
ncl. lhe mi|ilc(y excmp|e: c(e |cle( lhcn lhei( civi|icn
ccunle(pc(l:. Dcle (cne: fc( ecch :ly|e c(e |i:lec
:c|e|y fc( (efe(ence pu(pc:e:. :ince c Lui|cin ccn
(efecl c iven :ly|e even if il i: Lui|l cul:ice cf lhe pe-
(icc. Fc( excmp|e. lhe Mcin Fc:l Chcpe| cl Fc(l Lewi:.
Wc:hinlcn. i: c 20lh-cenlu(y excmp|e ccn:l(uclec
ceccce: cfle( lhe infuence (ecchec p(cminence.
Ihi: Lui|cin wc: execulec in lhe Fcmcne:cue Fe-
vivc| :ly|e Lul wc: ccn:l(uclec in 134. cpp(cximcle|y
lhi(lyyec(:cfle(lhe:ly|e(ecchecpcpu|c(ily.
IheNclicnc|Fc(kSe(vice{NFS)hc:cul|ineccmelh-
ccc|cy fc( icenlifyin c(chileclu(c| infuence cnc
chc(ccle(-cefnin feclu(e: in F(e:e(vclicn 8(ief 17.
Acn|tectuc' Cncccte. |cent||v|ng tne V|uc' A-
cectc|H|tc|c8u|'c|ngccnA|ctcFeev|ngne|
Cncccte. Fefe(encin lhe NFS uice in ccmLinc-
licn wilh u:in lhi: Sly|e Guice i: (eccmmencec.
ne/c|nFctCncce'|!34}ctFctLew|.Wcn|ngtcn.exn|c|t
|ectue |cn tne Fcncnecue Fev|vc' tv'e. |nc'uc|ng tne
ccn|nent gcc'e |cnt. cunc-ccnec cccce. cnc cunc-
ccnecccn|ce.
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Mi|ilc(y in:lc||clicn: ccnlcin c cive(:e cc||eclicn cf
Lui|cin:.(ep(e:enlincunicuec(chileclu(c|(ecc(c
cfmi|ilc(ycccui:ilicn:cncccn:l(uclicnc:lhemi|ilc(y
evc|veccve(lime.Mi|ilc(yc(chileclu(e.c:cwhc|e.
(ep(e:enl:lheciffe(enle(c:cfmi|ilc(yhi:lc(y.c:we||
c: hi:lc(icc| cnc ec(cphicc| infuence: f(cm vc(i-
cu:(eicn:cflheUnilecSlcle:.
Ihi: Lcck|el wi|| c::i:l u:e(: wilh lhe icenlifcclicn cf lhe
cecc(clivecncfunclicnc|feclu(e:c::cciclecwilhc
Lui|cin lhcl ccnl(iLule lc il: c(chileclu(c| inle(ily.
Ihelwcmcincclec(ie:cfmi|ilc(yc(chileclu(ec(e
mi|ilc(y ccn:l(uclec cnc mi|ilc(y cccui(ec. Mi|ilc(y-
ccn:l(uclec Lui|cin: lypicc||y invc|vec lhe u:e cf
:lcncc(cizec p|cn: fc( :pecifc Lui|cin lype: cnc
u:uc||y exhiLil c pc(licu|c( c(chileclu(c| infuence.
Mi|ilc(y-cccui(ec Lui|cin: we(e Lui|l incepencenl|y
cflhemi|ilc(yLulwe(ecccui(ecLylhemi|ilc(ycfle(
ccn:l(uclicn. Ihey lypicc||y (ep(e:enl |ccc| Lui|cin
l(ccilicn:.c:we||c:(eicnc|ce:invc(iclicn:cfcn
c(chileclu(c| infuence. Ihi: p(cjecl wi|| ncl inc|uce
mcny excmp|e: cf mi|ilc(y-cccui(ec c(chileclu(e.
Ihe(e c(e :eve(c| Lcck: (efe(encin civi|icn excmp|e:
lhcl ci:cu:: c(chileclu(c| :ly|e. hi:lc(y. cnc melhcc:
fc( icenlifcclicn cnc evc|uclicn. Ic icenlify c mi|ilc(y-
cccui(ecLui|cin.p|ec:eccn:u|lwilhycu(SHFCfc(
c|i:lcfLcck:lhclp(cviceinfc(mclicncn:lclecnc
|ccc|l(enc:inc(chileclu(c|:ly|e.Ihi:p(cjecli:|imilec
lc mc:l|y mi|ilc(y-ccn:l(uclec Lui|cin: cnc lhei( c(-
chileclu(c| infuence: c(e ci:cu::ec.
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Building Types
Ihe mcjc(ily cf Lui|cin: cn mi|ilc(y in:lc||clicn: (ep-
(e:enlcpc(licu|c(Lui|cinlypecnc/c(c(chileclu(c|
infuence cue lc lhe uli|izclicn cf :lcncc(cizec p|cn:.
EcchL(cnchcflhemi|ilc(yceve|cpec:lcncc(cizec
p|cn:lcccccmmccclelheneec:cflhei(fc(ce:inc
cc:l-effeclivemcnne(.Ihep|cn:c(eclecclemp|cle
fc(in:lc||clicn|cycul:.puL|icwc(k::y:lem:.Lui|cin
lype:.cnc|cnc:ccpin.
Ihe mi|ilc(y ce:ine(: (e:pcn:iL|e fc( lhe ceve|cp-
menl cf lhe:e p|cn: we(e infuencec Ly lhe pcpu|c(
p|cnnin cnc c(chileclu(c| l(enc: cccu((in in lhe
Unilec Slcle:. Cflen. lhe mi|ilc(y emp|cyec civi|icn
c(chilecl:. |cnc:ccpe c(chilecl:. cnc p|cnne(: whc
c|:c cpp|iec pcpu|c( l(enc: lc lhei( ce:in:. /: c
(e:u|l. :lcncc(cizec p|cn: fc( Lui|cin: incc(pc(clec
ccnlempc(c(y c(chileclu(c| infuence: cnc lhei( c:-
:cciclecfeclu(e:ine|emenl:|ikelhecve(c||fc(mcf
lhe Lui|cin. exle(ic( cnc inle(ic( cecc(clive celci|:.
cnc fcc( p|cn:. Fc( in:lcnce in lhe 180:. lhe /(my
ceve|cpec il: f(:l :el cf :lcncc(cizec p|cn: fc( hcu:-
in. ccn:i:lin cf ce:in: emp|cyin lhe fc:hicncL|e
c(chileclu(c| infuence: cf lhcl lime pe(icc-Gclhic
Fevivc| {1840-185). llc|icncle {1850-180). cnc
Cueen/nne{1880-110)./|lhcuhlhep|cn:cpp|iec
c(chileclu(c| infuence: lc lhe ce:in cf lhe Lui|cin:.
cflen lhe p|cn: we(e :imp|ifec c( cccplec lc (ecuce
ccn:l(uclicn cc:l: cnc lc inc(ec:e effciency. Fc( lhi:
(ec:cn. Lui|cin: mihl cepicl cn|y c few feclu(e:.
(clhe( lhcn fu||y (ep(e:enlin cn infuence wilh c|| cf
il: cecc(clive cnc funclicnc| feclu(e:. /n excmp|e
i: lhe 8cnc Hc|| 8ui|cin cl Fc(l Scm Hcu:lcn. Iexc:
{pce 35). Ihe Lui|cin: cve(c|| cppec(cnce i: ncl
ccminclec Ly lhe Fcmcne:cue Fevivc| infuence:
hcweve(. lhe Lui|cin cepicl: e|emenl: cf lhe infu-
ence.inc|ucinil:mc:cu|ine:lcnec(che:cLcvelhe
f(cnlwinccw:cnc|inecf(eclcnu|c(winccw:.Even
lhcuh lhe Lui|cin cce: ncl cepicl c|| cf lhe fec-
lu(e: cf Fcmcne:cue Fevivc|. il :li|| i: ccn:ice(ec cn
excmp|e cf lhe infuence. c|Leil c :imp|ifec ve(:icn.
8ui|cin: ccn c|:c (ep(e:enl :ly|i:lic mixlu(e: in
which e|emenl: cf ciffe(enl c(chileclu(c| infuence:
c(e ccmLinec in lhe ce:in cf cne Lui|cin. Ihe:e
Lui|cin: ccu|c hcve Leen c(iinc||y Lui|l c: :ly|i:lic
mixlu(e: c( |cle( (emcce|ec lc cllempl c mc(e ccn-
lempc(c(y ce:in. Fc( excmp|e. c Lui|cin mcy hcve
Leen ccn:l(uclec wilh lhe mc::in cnc fc(m cf lhe
G(eek Fevivc| wilh c cenl(c| enl(cnce fcnkec Ly c
l(cn:cm cnc :ice|ihl:: hcweve(. lhe winccw: c(e
lwc-cve(-lwc in:lecc cf :ix-cve(-:ix. cnc lhe pc(ch
hc: :|ence(. chcmfe(ec pc:l: in:lecc cf c|c::icc||y-
in:pi(ecpc:l:.Ihi:Lui|cinwcu|cLecl(cn:ilicnLe-
lweenlheG(eek Fevivc| cnc llc|icncle. which i: ncl
unccmmcn. / :eccnc excmp|e cf :ly|e ccmLinclicn:
mcy Le c Fece(c|-:ly|e Lui|cin lhcl exhiLil: c |cle(
pc(chcccilicnf(cmlheCueen/nnee(c.lfinccuLl.
ccn:u|l lhe incivicuc| Lui|cin f|e: in lhe puL|ic wc(k:
c( civi| eninee(in cffce fc( lhe Lui|cin: lhe c(iinc|
p|cn:cnc:uL:ecuenlp|cn:.ifcvci|cL|e.wi||p(cvice
cccnc(elehi:lc(ycncevc|ulicncflheLui|cin.
Sinifccnl c( chc(ccle(-cefnin feclu(e: cf cn c(chi-
leclu(c| infuence ccn c|:c Le in:ice lhe Lui|cin. ll
wc:nclwilhinlhe:ccpecflhi:p(cjecllcinc|ucein-
le(ic(:: hcweve(. lhe:e feclu(e: :hcu|c ncl Le cve(-
|cckec. Mcny inle(ic( feclu(e: inc|uce cecc(clive
wcccen e|emenl: :uch c: fcc(:. Lc:eLcc(c:. ccc(
cnc winccw :u((cunc:. c(cwn mc|cin:. chci( (ci|:.
Lui|l-in:. :lci(:. :lci(
Lc|u:l(cce:. mcn-
le|:. cnc wcin:ccl:.
F|c:le( wc||: cnc c(-
ncmenl c(e c|:c
ccmmcnin1lhcnc
ec(|y 20lh cenlu-
(y Lui|cin:. ln mic-
20lh cenlu(y Lui|c-
in:. le((czzc fcc(:.
mc:cic li|e. |c::
L|cck. melc| Lc|-
u:l(cce:. cnc wc||
:c(een:mcyLec(i-
inc| lc lhe Lui|cin.
/ccilicnc||y. en-
e(c| fcc( p|cn cnc
:l(uclu(c| feclu(e:.
:uch c: :uppc(l cc|-
umn:. mcy c|:c Le
:inifccnl. Ihi: i: c
L(ccc cefnilicn cf
|nte|c c| tne /c|n Fct Cncce'
|!32}ctFct8cgg.NctnCcc'|nc.
inle(ic( feclu(e: :ince ecch Lui|cin i: unicue in (e-
c(c lc exi:lin inle(ic( feclu(e: cnc mu:l Le l(eclec
inccc:e-Ly-cc:emcnne(.Mcnyinle(ic(:wilhinDcD
hcveLeenc|le(ec:hcweve(.ifc(iinc|feclu(e:c(e
:u:peclec lc exi:l wilhin c Lui|cin. f(:l in:pecl lhe
c(iinc|p|cn:.cncccn:u|lwilhcnc(chileclu(c|hi:lc-
(icnc(SHFC.
Winccw: c(e c p(imc(y e|emenl when icenlifyin c(-
chileclu(c| :ly|e: cnc infuence:. ln mcny cc:e:. win-
ccw:hcveLeen(ep|cceccl|ec:lcnce.cnc:cme-
lime: mu|lip|e lime:. Ihi: Sly|e Guice inc|uce: mcny
excmp|e: cf e(c-cpp(cp(icle winccw:: hcweve(. fc(
c winccw (ep|ccemenl p(cjecl. ccn:u|l lhe c(iinc|
p|cn: fc( lhe Lui|cin lc fnc lhe c(iinc| winccw lype.
/: menlicnec. mcny c(iinc| p|cn: c(e cvci|cL|e in
puL|ic wc(k: cnc civi| eninee(in cffce:: lhe:e wi||
p(cvicelheLe:lcccumenlc(yevicencecficenlify-
in c(iinc| winccw lype:. /|wcy: ccn:u|l wilh cn
c(chileclu(c| hi:lc(icn cnc lhe SHFC Lefc(e mckin
(eccmmencclicn:cnwinccw(ep|ccemenlp(cjecl:.
Evenlhcuh:lcncc(cizecp|cn:p(cvicecc:en:ecf
unifc(mily.lhep|cn:we(emecnllcLecccplecLy
in:lc||clicn:lcccccmmcccleciffe(ence:inc|imcle
cnc|ccc||y-cvci|cL|emcle(ic|:{:eeimce:cnpce
5cnc).Fc(in:lcnce./(myp|cn:hi:lc(icc||y:l(e::ec
lhclecchpc:l:hcu|chcvecmi|ilc(yclmc:phe(eLul
lhey:hcu|cc|:cinle(clelhe|ccc|chc(ccle(cncl(c-
cilicn:.Ihi:pc|icywc:u:uc||ymellh(cuhvc(iclicn:
cf p|cn: in le(m: cf Lui|cin mcle(ic|:. mc::in. :ize.
ne cuc'ex |tcc. !32} | c Fencn Fev|vc' cccctct|cn ct
8ckcc'eA|Fcce8ce.Lcu||cnc.cuttnetcnccc|zec
c'cn | tne cne c tne cuc'ex |ccttcn. !3} |n tne
Cc'cn|c'Fev|vc'tv'e|ntcnectFctHuccnucc.A|zcnc.
n| c'cn wc c'c executec |n wccc. ec c|ck. ve''cw
c|ck.cnctucccctctne|ntc''ct|cn.
Ihe/(chileclu(ecflheDepc(lmenlcfDefen:e
cnc c(ncmenlclicn. Fc( excmp|e lhe(e c(e excmp|e:
cf lhe :cme cup|ex cl mcny in:lc||clicn:. Lul lhe p|cn
hc: Leen c|le(ec Ly :ly|e c( mcle(ic|: lc (efecl lhe
c(chileclu(ecflhecve(c||in:lc||clicn.
Clhe( c:pecl: cf :lcncc(cizec p|cn: c(e lhc:e lhcl
we(e ceve|cpec fc( :pecifc Lui|cin lype: :uch c:
hcu:in.hc:pilc|:.chcpe|:.hecccuc(le(:.c|c::(ccm:.
(ec(eclicnfcci|ilie:.hcnc(:.:lc(ehcu:e:.cncpcwe(
p|cnl:. Ihe:e p|cn: inc|ucec :pecifc c(chileclu(c|
feclu(e: neecec lc ccccmmcccle lhe funclicn cf
lhe Lui|cin lype. Fc( in:lcnce. mcny cf lhe ec(|ie(
p|cn: fc( hc:pilc|: incc(pc(clec pc(che: inlc lhei(
ce:in whe(ec: :cme hcnc( ce:in: inc|ucec cc(-
ne( lcwe(: cnc c|| hcc fu||-wiclh ccc(: {:ee imce:
cn pce 7). /|lhcuh mc:l cf lhe p|cn: fc( Lui|cin
lype:. :uch c: cffce( hcu:in cnc hecccuc(le(:.
we(e ce:inec wilh cn c::cciclec c(chileclu(c| infu-
ence. :eve(c| Lui|cin lype:. inc|ucin :lc(ehcu:e:.
hcnc(:.cncclhe(:uppc(lfcci|ilie:.:cmelime:we(e
ncl (ep(e:enlec Ly cn c(chileclu(c| infuence c( :ly|e.
ln lhe:e cc:e:. lhe Lui|cin: :li|| hcve chc(ccle(-ce-
fnin feclu(e:. |ike lhe c(ienlclicn. (ccf fc(m. mc::in.
cncwinccwlype:.Lullhc:efeclu(e:c(ec::cciclec
wilh lhe Lui|cin lype (clhe( lhcn cn c(chileclu(c|
infuence.
Fu(lhe(mc(e. lhe l(ccp Lui|c-up: c::cciclec wilh
Wc(|c Wc( l cnc Wc(|c Wc( ll L(cuhl cLcul lempc-
(c(y Lui|cin ccn:l(uclicn wilh :lcncc(cizec p|cn:
lhcl(ecucecccn:l(uclicncc:l:cnc:hc(lenec
nee c||ce' cucte cuc'exe ce c'c c| tne cne
tcnccc|zecc'cn.cn'vtnecuc'ex|tcc.cc.!05}||nwccc
ct Fct Lcwtcn. Wcn|ngtcn. cnc tne cuc'ex |ccttcn. cc.
!05}||necc|ckct/cc|cn8ccck.NewYck.
ccn:l(uclicn lime. Ihe:e Lui|cin: we(e uli|ilc(icn in
chc(ccle( cnc exhiLilec feclu(e: impc(lcnl lc lhe
Lui|cin: funclicn (clhe( lhcn c(chileclu(c| :ly|e.
Ihe:eLui|cin:c(eci:cu::ecinceplhcnpce:2.
48. cnc . Slcncc(cizec p|cn:. wc(-e(c lempc(c(y
Lui|cin:.cncce:inuice|ine:c(ec||lcpic:cfp(evi-
cu:p(cjecl:lhcl.whenu:ecinccmLinclicnwilhlhi:
uice.wi||hcpefu||yp(cvicep(ccucliveuiccncec:
lhe:lucycflheevc|ulicncfc(chileclu(ewilhinDcD
ccnlinue:.
nec'cncc|tc'|tcc.cc.!05}ctFctScnHcutcn.exc.w|tn
cn entcnce cccn cnc ccuc'e-tcv cccn c''cw|ng ccce
|cn tne |cne wcc cnc c ncngc |ccttcn. cc. !30} ct
Fcncc'cnA|Fcce8ce.exc.w|tn|cn.ccnetcwe.cnc
|u''-w|ctn ccc c ce|n|ng |ectue.
Gcc'ecenc.ccveec'ccc|ngccck.nc|zcntc'nc|ng.cnc
cc| vent|'ctc ce cncccte|t|c c| tccge cnc wcencue
cu|'c|ng. c ncwn ct tn| ccncete tcencue cu|'c|ng |cc.
!!8} ct St. Ju'|en' Ceek Annex |NSA Nc|c'k Ncvc' Sn|cvcc}.
V|g|n|c.
Georgian 1700-1850
Ihe ec(|ie:l (eccnizec c(chileclu(c|
:ly|einlheDcDinvenlc(yi:lheGec(icn
:ly|e.Du(inlhi:ec(|ype(iccin/me(iccn
hi:lc(y. mcny cc(penle(: cnc Lui|ce(:
we(e mi(clin lc lhe New Wc(|c. Ihey
L(cuhlwilhlhemlhepcpu|c(:ly|e:cf
lhelime.IheGec(icn infuence i: :een
mc:l cflen in lhe nc(lhe(n cilie: cnc
:cme ec(|y :culhe(n ccc:lc| lcwn:. Ihe
civi|icn excmp|e: cf lhe :ly|e ccn Le
:imp|ec((cnc.
Ihe:ly|ei:chc(ccle(izecLycp(cminenl
enl(cnceLcy.:cmelime:inlhefc(mcf
cp(cjeclinpcvi|icn{fu||-heihlcL|ec
enl(cnce Lcy). :l(icl :ymmel(y. hip
(ccf cnc/c( hip cc(me(:. ccuL|e-hun
:c:h winccw:. cnc cn enl(cnce which
ccn Le hecvi|y emLe||i:hec c( hcve c
:imp|e:u((cunc./:imp|e:u((cuncmcy
|cck cenli| mc|cin: c( pecimenl. Lul il
i: impc(lcnl lc ncle lhcl :imp|e celci|:
:uch c: fcl c(che:. fu:h c(che:. c( clhe(
unce(:lcleccelci|wi||:li||c(cwcllenlicn
lc lhe enl(cnce. ln civi|icn excmp|e:.
mcnyhcvecenli|mc|cin:cnccucin:.
Ihe mi|ilc(y excmp|e: c(e mc(e (e:l(cinec
wilh :imp|e emLe||i:hmenl. cnc :cme
c(e cn c (ci:ec Lc:emenl. Fc(che: c(e
(c(ecncc(elypicc||y|cle(cccilicn:.
cc. Ccnncnccnt' Cucte |cc.
!825} ct Fct Sne''|ng. /|nnectc.
exn|c|t c centc' ccv|'|cn |cc-
ect|ng centc' entcnce ccv} cnc
ccn|nententcnce.
8cttcn. St|ct vnnetv|| c
cu|'c|ng | cut |n nc'|. cne |ce w|''
n|ctnectne.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Sl(icl:ymmel(y
F(cminenlenl(cnce
Cenl(c|pcvi|icn
Decc(cliveccc(:u((cunc
Denli|mc|cin:
DcuL|e-hunwccc:c:h
/./.c(12/12winccw:
ccLe|t.Anexcnc'ec|cGecg|cn
cccucunc.
ccF|gnt.n|cu|'c|ngexn|c|tcccc
ucuncw|tn|nc'eence''|nnent.
8cttcn'e|t.!2/!2cnc/w|nccw.
8cttcn F|gnt. ne cec|nentec
centc' ccv|'|cn cnc / w|nccw
c| tne Acn|n|tct|cn 8u|'c|ng |cc.
!850} ct Fct De'cwce. De'cwce.
ce ce|n|ng |ectue c| tne Gecg|cn
tv'e.
Georgian 1700-1850
cc.Cucte!00|cc.!820}cttneU.S./|'|tcv
Acccenv. New Yck. ue vnnetv cnc
|ce'|gnt tnct lcnk tne entcnce. wn|cn ce
ce|n|ng |ectue c| tne Fecec'tv'e.necccn
|c'cteccc|t|cn.
8cttcn Le|t. Cucte ! |cc. !8!} ct Fct
/cnce. V|g|n|c. | tvc|cc' c| tne Fecec' tv'e
w|tnnccc|cvencngcntne|ce.neccuc'e-
tcvcccn|c'cteccc|t|cn.
8cttcnF|gnt.ne|cn'|gntcnc|ce'|gntc|tne
c||ce' cucte |cc. !824} ct Fct Wcn|ngtcn.
/cv'cnc.cetvc|cc'c|tneFecec'tv'e.
Ihe Fece(c| :ly|e i: lhe /me(iccn inle(-
p(elclicncflhe/ccm:ly|e.llc(iinclec
inSccl|cncLylhelh(ee/ccmL(clhe(:
whe(elheymcinlcineclhe:ymmel(ycf
lheGec(icn cnc C|c::icc|Fevivc|:ly|e:.
Lul inl(ccucec c mc(e ve(licc| c(ienlc-
licn cnc ce|iccle execulicn cf celci|:. ll
i:chc(ccle(izecLylheu:ecfccenl(c|
enl(cnce. cflen ccc(nec Ly :ice|ihl:
cnccfcn|ihl.lfLui|lcnc(ci:ecLc:e-
menl. il lypicc||y hc: c cenl(c| :lci( c(
c ccuL|e :lci( lhcl fcnk: lhe enl(cnce.
Civi|icn excmp|e: wi|| f(ecuenl|y Lcc:l
cenli| mc|cin: cnc cc(ne( cucin:.
F(cclicin (e:l(cinl. mc:l mi|ilc(y inle(-
p(elclicn: c(e :imp|ifec cnc cu:le(e in
ccmpc(i:cn lc civi|icn excmp|e:.
Federal 1780-1825
n| c||ce' cucte |cc. !824} ct Fct Wcn|ngtcn exn|c|t
ncnv c| tne ce|n|ng |ectue |cn tne Fecec'tv'e.
Federal 1780-1825
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Symmel(icc|mc::in
Ve(licc|c(ienlclicn
Hip(ccf.hipcc(me(:.c(:ice-cL|e(ccf
Lill|ec(nc(ccfcve(hcn
{fu:h ecve cnc/c( fu:h cL|e)
Fcn|ihlcve(lheenl(cnce{:)
Sice|ihl: :cmelime: fcnk lhe enl(cnce
DcuL|e-hunwccc:c:h
/./.8/12.c(12/12winccw:
Le|t. An excnc'e
c| c lun ecve
cnc lun gcc'e.
F|gnt.Anexcnc'e
c|c|cn'|gnt.
Classical Revival 1780-1850
C|c::icc| Fevivc| wc: lhe (e:u|l cf c new wcve cf
c(chilecl: ccmin f(cm Eu(cpe cnc cf /me(iccn
c(chilecl: lcu(in Eu(cpe. Ihe c(cwn jewe| cf lhe
:ly|einle(p(elecin/me(icci:lheU.S.Ccpilc|.ccm-
p|elec in 1827. C|c::icc| Fevivc| wc: lhe :ly|e cf c
new nclicn. hecvi|y infuencec Ly lhe nclicn: lhi(c
p(e:icenl. Ihcmc: Jeffe(:cn. whc :e(vec f(cm1801
lc180.Jeffe(:cn:lucieclhec(chileclu(ecfEu(cpe
lh(cuhhi:l(cve|:cnclhec(chileclu(c|l(ecli:e:cf
lhe lime. ln lhe :culhe(n Unilec Slcle:. lhi: :ly|e i:
:cmelime:(efe((eclcc:Jeffe(:cnicnC|c::ici:m.
G(eek cnc Fcmcn ce:in p(ececenl: infuencec
C|c::icc| Fevivc| c(chilecl:. C|c::icc| Fevivc| e|e-
menl:inc|ucecfu||-heihl.lemp|e-f(cnlcc|umnec
pc(licc. cf u:uc||y lwc c( mc(e :lc(ie:. :l(icl :ym-
mel(y. |cw ccme:. cnc (ci:ec Lc:emenl:. Winccw:
ccnlinue lc Le ccuL|e-hun :c:h. Lul c(e |cne(
wilh u:uc||y c nine-cve(-nine |ihl ccnfu(clicn.
Clhe( chc(ccle(-cefnin feclu(e: inc|uce fcn|ihl:
cnce||iplicc|.c(chec.cncccu|c(winccw:.
cc.8u|'c|ng!|!830}cttneNcvc'/ec|cc'C'|n|cctFctncutn.
V|g|n|c. | cn excnc'e c| tne C'c|cc' Fev|vc' w|tn c c|ec
ccenent.
8cttcn.neNcvc'Hcne|!82}ctFn|'cce'cn|c.Fennv'vcn|c.
nc c c|ec ccenent cnc |cn|c cc'unn. tvc|cc' c| tne
C'c|cc'Fev|vc'tv'e.
Accve.nec'c|cc'ccec|cc'unn.
Le|t cnc cc. ne C'c Cccet Cncce' |!83} ct tne U.S. /|'|tcv
Acccenv.NewYck.cnc|tcetc|'ncwccentc'cct|cccncDc|c
cc'unn. ce|n|ng |ectue c| tne C'c|cc'Fev|vc'tv'e.
Classical Revival 1780-1850
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Symmel(icc|mc::in
Mcnumenlc|pc(licc{pc(ch)
Fecimenlpc(liccwilhenlcL|clu(e
Iu:ccn.Dc(ic.lcnic.Cc(inlhicn.
c(Ccmpc:ilecc|umn:
Hip(ccfc(hipcc(me(:
Lcwccme:
Fci:ecLc:emenl:
DcuL|e-hunwccc:c:h
/././c(/winccw:
Dc|c uccn |cn|c Cc|ntn|cn Ccncc|te
Greek Revival 1820-1875
cc. ne Ccnncnccnt' Cucte |cc. !848} ct Sccket
Hccc Ncvv Ycc. New Yck. |''utcte tne Geek
Fev|vc' tv'e w|tn c 'cte twc-tcv cccn ccc|t|cn. ne
ccc ucunc. / w|nccw. vet|cc' nc|ng. cnc cc|
cvencngcec''cncccte|t|cc|tnetv'e.
8cttcn. An excnc'e c| c Geek Fev|vc' ccc ucunc
w|tntcncncnc|ce'|gnt.
G(eek Fevivc| infuence: in c(chileclu(e we(e
p(cmclec Ly cn ec(|y c(chilecl. 8enjcmin
Lcl(cLe.HeccmelclheUnilecSlcle:f(cmEn-
|cnc in 17 cnc ce:inec lhe f(:l G(eek Fevivc|
Lui|cin.lhe8cnkcfFenn:y|vcnic.Ihe:ly|e.inil:
pu(e:l fc(m. ccmLine: c fu||y-cc|umnec lemp|e
f(cnl.pecimenl.cncenlcL|clu(ewhi|emcinlcin-
in lhe :l(icle:l cf :ymmel(y. mcce|ec cfle( lhe
Fc(lhencn ccn:l(uclec in cncienl G(eece. lnle(-
p(elec in ve(nccu|c( excmp|e:. c|c::icc| cc|umn:
cfDc(ic.lcnic.c(Cc(inlhicnc(ce(:c(elhemc:l
pcpu|c(cncenl(cnce:c(eccppecLycl(cn:cm
cnc :cmelime: fcnkec Ly :ice|ihl:. Fecimenl
cnc/c(enlcL|clu(ec(eu:uc||yevicenlc:c(ccf.
pc(ch. c( enl(cnce l(eclmenl. Iypicc||y. c wice
Lcnc ju:l unce( lhe (ccfine. cc||ec c cc(nice.
i: inle(p(elec c: cn enlcL|clu(e. Winccw: c(e
ccuL|e-hun :c:h wilh :ix-cve(-:ix. nine-cve(-:ix.
:ix-cve(-nine. c( nine-cve(-nine |ihl ccnfu(c-
licn:. Ihe mi|ilc(y excmp|e: (cne f(cm lhe ve(y
p|cin lc lhe (e:l(cinec wilh |ill|e. if cny. emLe|-
|i:hmenl.Ihef(cnlcL|ecflhi::ly|e.ccmmcnin
civi|icnhcu:e:.wc:ncllypicc||yu:eccnmi|ilc(y
Lui|cin:.
Greek Revival 1820-1875
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Symmel(icc|mc::in
Ve(licc|c(ienlclicn
Fccfcve(hcn:ecve:
F|cll(cn:cmcve(lheenl(cnce{:)
Sice|ihl: :cmelime: fcnk lhe enl(cnce
DcuL|e-hunwccc:c:h
/c(/winccw:
8u|'c|ng 34 |!83} ct Ncvc' A| Stct|cn Fenccc'c. F'c|cc. | c 'cte
excnc'ec|tnetv'ew|tn|ectuetnct|nc'ucecn|ccc|.vnnet|cc'
nc|ng. cnc lct tcncn cve tne entcnce ccc. ne w|nccw
elect tne 'cte ccte cnc c ncve tc |tc'|cncte.
Accve./w|nccw
F|gnt./w|nccw
ne L|eutencnt' Cucte |cc. !84} ct Sccket Hccc
Ncvv Ycc |ce'cw 'e|t} nc |ectue tnct |nc'uce c lct
tcncn cve entcnce ccc cnc / w|nccw. wn|'e
tne Cuctencte' Cucte |!835} ct Jcckcn 8ccck.
Lcu||cnc|ce'cw|gnt}ncuccncc'unn.vnnet|cc'
nc|ng. cnc lct tcncn.
Renaissance Revival 1820-185
cc. ne Stcencue |!83} ct Fct Hcve. Cn|c
|c|g|nc''v Cc'uncu Aenc'}. | ccn|nctec
cv tne centc' tcwe. Ctne ce|n|ng |ectue
|nc'ucetnevnnetv.n|ccc|.ccn|ce.cncue
c|cuncccne|ntnew|nccwcncentcnce.
8cttcn Le|t. A cetc|' v|ew c| tne Stcencue'
c|'ctecncccn|ce.
8cttcn F|gnt. ne Stcencue |!84} ct
|nc|cnccc'| Aenc'. |nc|cnc. w|tn c n|c cc|.
ccn|nenttcwe.cnccunc-ccnecentcnce.
llc|icncncF(enchFenci::cnceLui|cin:
infuencec lhe fc(mclicn cf lhe Fenci:-
:cnce Fevivc| :ly|e. Fc(m: c(e hecvie(.
u:uc||yinmc:cn(y.wilhmc(ee|cLc(cle
:l(uclu(c| celci|in. yel lhey mcinlcin
lhe:ymmel(ycflheec(|ie(C|c::icc|Fe-
vivc|:ly|e:.Ihe(cuncc(chi:emp|cyec
in lhi: :ly|e. c: we|| c: lc||. :|ence( win-
ccw:. cnc cn :cme excmp|e:. lcwe(:
wilhLcll|emenl:.Ihi::ly|ei:cnecflhe
fewlhcli::imi|c(inLclhcivi|icncncmi|i-
lc(y Lui|cin:: mc:l hcve c p(cminenl
enl(cncelcwe(.:l(icl:ymmel(y.hip(ccf
c( hip cc(me(:. (cunc-c(chec enl(cnce
c( enl(cnce Lcy. (cunc-c(chec win-
ccw:. cucin:. cnc e|cLc(cle cc(nice:.
Ihi::ly|ewc:pc(licu|c(|ypcpu|c(inlhe
mi|ilc(yfc(c(:enc|ce:in.
ne Gcte Hcue |cc. !84}
ct tne |nc|cnccc'| Aenc'
|cncccte|zeccvccunc-
ccnec ccc. cunc-ccnec
w|nccw.cnccunc-ccnec
cccnccv.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Hip(ccfc(hipcc(me(:
Icwe(:
8e|lccu(:e
Cucin:
Wcle( lcL|e
Fcunc-c(checccc(:
Fcunc-c(checwinccw:
Winccw hccc:
/c(8/8winccw:
Renaissance Revival 1820-185
ne Stcencue |!82} ct Augutc Aenc'. Gecg|c. nc tne
ccn|ncnttcwew|tncunc-ccnecentcnce.Acct|cntne
w|nccwnccc.tne|ectuec|tnetcwecencwnce'cw.
ne ce|n|ng |ectue
c| tne Fenc|cnce
Fev|vc' tv'e | ncwn
|ntnetcwee'evct|cn
ccw|ngc|tneAugu-
tcAenc'.
Gothic Revival 1840-185
Gclhic Fevivc| i: lhe f(:l cepc(lu(e f(cm C|c::icc|
Fevivc| c(chileclu(e in lhi: ccunl(y. /(chilecl
/|excnce( Jcck:cn Dcvi: {1803-182) cnc |cnc:ccpe
c(chilecl /nc(ew Jcck:cn Dcwnin {1815-1852)
ccvccclec fc( (u(c|. piclu(e:cue c(chileclu(e
lhcl wc: pcpu|c( in En|cnc. Whi|e excmp|e: cf
Dcvi:: cnc Dcwnin: we(e p(imc(i|y (e:icenlic|.
lhe infuence wc: inle(p(elec inlc mcny fc(m:.
inc|ucin lhe Cc(penle( Gclhic. Cc||eicle Gclhic.
cnc lhe Hih Viclc(icn Gclhic. Ccmmcn icenlifyin
feclu(e:cfGclhic Fevivc| c(e :leep|y-pilchec (ccf:
{u:uc||ywilh:leepc(c::-cL|e:).inl(iccle|y-cc(vec
ve(eLcc(c: {Lc(eLcc(c:) c|cn lhe ecve: cnc
cL|e ece:. cnc pcinlec c(che:. c|:c kncwn c:
Gclhic-:ly|e winccw:.
ne /enc|c' Cncce' |!88} ct Fct Lecvenwctn. Kcnc. wc
cu|'t|cn'ccc''|netcne.
Cucte !02 |!85} ct tne U.S. /|'|tcv
Acccenv. New Yck. w|tn |etwck cn
vegecccc.
Cccente Gctn|c cncce' |!858} w|tn
cccc-cnc-cctten|c|ngctFct/cnce.
V|g|n|c.
Gctn|c Fev|vc' c||ce' cucte
|cc. !88} ct Fct /cnce w|tn
cc|ntecccnecnccucte|c|'.
Fen|ng 8ccck |!8!} ct tne
U.S. /|'|tcv Acccenv | cn ex-
cnc'ec|Cc''eg|cteGctn|c.
Anexcnc'ec|cGctn|cFev|vc'vegecccc.
c'ccc''eccccgecccc.
8ctn c| tnee ccc ncve cc|ntec ccn |cn cnc vet|cc' cccc ccn-
tuct|cn.necnecntne|gntc'cnctnececcct|ve|cntccn|nge.
Gothic Revival 1840-185
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
SleepcL|e(ccf:
Ve(eLcc(c{Lc(eLcc(c)
incL|epeck
Fcinlecc(chccc(:
Ve(licc|Lcc(cccc(:
Decc(clivei(cn:l(cphine:
Fcinlecc(chwinccw:
{|cncel. Gclhic winccw:)
Dicmcncpcnewinccw:
2/2winccw:
Cucte !4 |!85} ct tne U.S.
/|'|tcvAcccenvw|tn|etwck
cnvegecccc.
Italianate 1850-180
cc. n| c||ce' cucte |cc. !885} ct F.F. Wcen
A| Fcce 8ce. Wvcn|ng. exenc'||e tne etc|nec
|tc'|cncte tv'e |nc'enentec cv tne n|'|tcv. A '|gnt
n|c cc|. cccketec ccn|ce. cunc-ccnec w|nccw.
ccuc'e-'ec| ccc w|tn cunc-ccnec tcncn. 2/2
w|nccw. cnc c ceccct|ve cccn cc'utcce ce c''
ce|n|ng |ectue c| tn| tv'e.
8cttcn. Ccnncnc|ng Genec'' Cucte |!8}
ct Cncnc 8ccck. Necckc. w|tn cccket cnc
encnc|zec'|nte'.
Ihe llc|icncle :ly|e wc: pcpu|c(izec. |ike il:
ccnlempc(c(y.lheGclhic Fevivc| :ly|e. Ly lhe
pcpu|c( pclle(n Lcck: cf c(chilecl /|excnce(
Jcck:cn Dcvi: {1803-182). Ihe llc|icncle i:
(eccnizecincilie:cnclcwn:Lylcwe(:.L(ccc
(ccf: wilh cve(hcnin L(cckelec ecve:.
e|cLc(cle pc(che:. (cunc-c(chec winccw:.
cnc ccuL|e-|ecf ccc(:. Ihe :ly|e inle(p(el:
lhe vi||c: fcunc in lhe llc|icn ccunl(y:ice. ln
u(Lcncenle(:.lhe:ly|ewc:wice|yccceplec
cnc inle(p(elec inlc lhe fc(m cf (cwhcu:e:
wilh L(cckelec ecve: cnc cc(nice:. c(chec
winccw:. cnc cecc(clive :lccp: cflen
ccc(nec wilh c(ncmenlc| i(cnwc(k. Mi|ilc(y
excmp|e: c(e fcunc cflen in (e:icenlic|
Lui|cin: Lul c(e :imp|ifec. EmLe||i:hmenl
i: |imilec lc c(chec winccw:. :imp|e |inle|:.
ccuL|e-|ecf c(chec ccc(:. l(cn:cm:. pc(che:
wilh lu(nec Lc|u:l(cce: cnc cc|umn:. cnc
L(cckeleccc(nice:cncecve:.
ne St|''we'' Hcue |!888} ct Fct Scn Hcutcn. exc.
| ce|nec cv tne cccc cc|. cccketec cucc'c. cnc
ccuc'e-'ec|entcnce.
neHecccucte8u|'c|ng|!8}ctCncnc8cccknc
ccccketecccn|cecnccne'cccctecccn.
2/2w|nccw
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Sice-cL|ecncpy(cmicc|(ccf:
Hip(ccfc(hipcc(me(:
8(cckelececve:cnccc(nice:
E|cLc(clepc(che:
Iu(neccnc:cwnwcccwc(k
/(checccc(:
I(cn:cm:cve(ccc(:
Winccw hccc:
8cywinccw:
2/2winccw:
Italianate 1850-180
An excnc'e c| c tvc|cc'
cc|c|cccket.
Octagon 1830-180
cccnc8cttcn.8u|'c|ng!|!852}cttneNcvc'
A|Stct|cnFenccc'c.F'c|cc.|cnec||ew.||nct
cn'v. n|gn tv'e excnc'e c| tne Cctcgcn. ne
cccne ncve ceen |n|''ec. cut |t t|'' ccnvev
|t cncccte-ce|n|ng |ectue. ne ccw|ng tc
tne |gnt | tne c|g|nc' ccw|ng c| 8u|'c|ng !.
|''utct|ng|tc|g|nc'|cn.
Cclccn: Leccme L(iefy pcpu|c( Le-
lween 1830 cnc 180. ln 184. C(:cn
Fcw|e( puL|i:hec c Lcck enlil|ec ne
CctcgcnHcue.AHcne|cA''.which
wice|y ci(cu|clec lhe ccncepl cf lhe
eihl-:icec hcu:e. Ihe cclccn :hcpe
hcc Leen u:ec in ec(|ie( :ly|e:. e:pe-
cic||ylheFece(c|:ly|e.whichf(ecuenl|y
u:ec lhe cclccn c( cvc| :hcpe fc(
puL|ic (ccm:. Mcny cf lhe celci|: c::c-
ciclec wilh lhe Cclccn c(e :imi|c( lc
lhellc|icncle:ly|e.cnclheCclccni:
:cmelime: (efe((ec lc c: c :uLlype cf
lhe llc|icncle. ln cccilicn lc lhe eihl
:ice:. chc(ccle(-cefnin feclu(e: ccn
inc|ucecpy(cmicc|(ccf.cupc|c.cve(-
hcnin L(cckelec ecve:. e|cLc(cle
w(cpc(cuncpc(che:.cncwicecc(nic-
e:. Ve(y few mi|ilc(y excmp|e: exi:l Lul
(cne f(cm e|cLc(cle ccmini:l(clicn c(
(e:icenlic| Lui|cin: lc :imp|e uli|ilc(icn
Lui|cin:.
8u|'c|ng 3 |!835} ct Ncvc' Succct Act|v|tv Nc|c'k
Ncvc' Sn|cvcc. V|g|n|c. nc tne cncccte-ce|n|ng
|ectue c| tne gecnet|cc' ncce. cvcn|cc' cc|.
cnccucc'cc|tnetv'e.
Anexc'cceccxcncnet|cv|ewc|tnee'ct|cnn|ccetween
tne cvcn|cc' cc| cnc tne cucc'c. cctn cncccte|t|c
|ectuec|tneCctcgcntv'e.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Cclccn:hcpe
Fy(cmicc|(ccf.hip(ccf.c(hipcc(me(:
8(cckelececve:cnccc(nice:
E|cLc(clepc(che:
Iu(neccnc:cwnwcccwc(k
Winccw hccc:
Mu|li-|ihlccuL|e:c:hwinccw:
Octagon 1830-180
Second Empire 180-185
Accve.nencc|tc'|!80}ctFctHcve.Cn|c.|''utctecvc|ct|cncn
tnetv'ew|tncn'vtnecentc'cct|cnccct|ngcncncccc|.
cc F|gnt cnc 8cttcn F|gnt. H|tc|c cnc nccen cnctcgccn c| tne
Ncvc' Hcc|tc' |!8} ct Wcn|ngtcn. D.C.. cn excnc'e c| c n|'|tcv
|ntecetct|cnc|tneSeccncFnc|eStv'e.
Ihe ccunl(y: cffeclicn fc( c:ymmel(y cnc lhe piclu(e:cue
celci|: :een in lhe Gclhic Fevivc| cnc llc|icncle :ly|e:
ccnlinuecwilhlheSeccnc Empi(e :ly|e. Ihe mc:l icenlifcL|e
feclu(e cf lhe infuence i: lhe mcn:c(c(ccf.mccepcpu|c(Ly
17lhcenlu(yF(enchFenci::cncec(chileclF(cncci:Mcn:c(l.
Ihe (ccf i: lypicc||y pie(cec Ly cc(me( winccw:. cnc cue
lc il: heihl cnc ccn:l(uclicn. u:uc||y p(cvice: c fu|| fcc( cf
:pcce. Fccf: we(e fni:hec wilh wccc c( :|cle :hin|e: c(
pclle(nec:hin|e:./:ymmel(ycnclcwe(:c(eincicclivecf
lhe :ly|e. Civi|icn excmp|e: Lcc:l hecvy L(cckelec cc(nice:.
cecc(clivewinccwhccc:.winccw:i||:.cnccucin:.Fc(che:
c(e ccc(nec Ly chcmfe(ec pc:l: cnc lu(nec Lc|u:l(cce:.
Mi|ilc(y excmp|e: c(e |e:: c(ncle Lul ecuc||y imp(e::ive. ll
i: ncl unu:uc| fc( mi|ilc(y excmp|e: lc mcinlcin :ymmel(icc|
mc::in cnc lc Le vcic cf L(cckelec cc(nice: cnc hecvy
winccwhccc:.
cc. n| c||ce' cucte |cc. !885} ct tne Fe|c|c
c| Scn Fcnc|cc. Cc'||cn|c. | c |nc'e ve|cn c|
tne Seccnc Fnc|e. ne wccc-n|ng'ec ncncc
cc| c|ecec cv ccne |cent||e tn| c Seccnc
Fnc|e. ncweve. tne |t lcc nu't|-'|gnt w|nccw
cnc !/! w|nccw ccn|guct|cn | |n keec|ng w|tn tne
'cteCueenAnnetv'e.|nc|cct|ngtncttn||c'cte
tcn|t|cnc'excnc'ec|tneSeccncFnc|e.
8cttcn. H|tc|c cnctcgccn c| tne eccnc Ncvc'
Hcc|tc' |cc. !80} |n Fn|'cce'cn|c. Fennv'vcn|c.
w|tnncncccc|cnccncnentecccne.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Mcn:c(c(ccf
Cucin:
8(cckeleccc(nice:
Iu(neccncchcmfe(ecwcccwc(k
DcuL|e-|ecfccc(
I(cn:cm:cve(ccc(:
Dc(me(winccw:
Decc(clivewinccwhccc:
2/2winccw:
Second Empire 180-185
Civil War 181-185
/fle( lhe exuLe(cnce cf lhe llc|icncle cnc
lhe Seccnc Empi(e pe(icc:. lhe cL(upl enl(y
inlc lhe Civi| Wc( L(cuhl lhe :pc(e lype cf
mc::-p(ccucec. :lcncc(cizec p|cn: lc lhe
mi|ilc(y {mc:l|y lhe /(my). Whe(ec: hih-
ce:in cnce wc: uli|izec fc( Lc((cck: cnc
cffce(: cuc(le(:. mc:l Lui|cin: cu(in lhi:
pe(iccwe(eccn:l(ucleccf(cuh-:cwnwccc
p|cnk: {u:uc||y in c ve(licc| p|ccemenl). wilh
(ccf:cflhe:cmep|cnk:.Iypicc||y.(ccf:we(e
venli|clc( mcnilc( (ccf:. Mc:l Lui|cin: we(e
mcvecc(ci:mcnl|eccfle(lheenccflhewc(
cnc lhe(e c(e nc exi:lin excmp|e:.
cc.Fxcnc'ec|tencccvccntuct|cncccckctc
ccnc|nLcu||cnc.
8cttcn Le|t. Fxcnc'e c| c twc-ccnccnv cccck ct
CcncNe'cn.Kentuckv.
8cttcnF|gnt.8ckevctCcncNe'cn.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
GcL|e (ccf
Wccc (ccf:
Fccfvenli|clc(:{fu||-|enlhc(pc(lic|)
Ve(licc|wc||:heclhin
/winccw:
Civil War 181-185
cc.8ccckctunkncwnccnc.
8cttcnLe|t.8ccckctJe||ecnv|''e.|nc|cnc.
8cttcnF|gnt.8ccckctunkncwnccnc.
Stick 180-180
cc. n| c||ce' cucte |!885} ct tne Fe|c|c
c| Scn Fcnc|cc. Cc'||cn|c. exn|c|t ncnv
cncccte-ce|n|ng |ectue c| tne St|ck tv'e.
cec||cc''v tne cc-ccc|ng cn tne cccn.
e'ccwcccketuncetneecve.cvnnet|cc'
nc|ng.cncnu't|-'|gntw|nccw.
8cttcn.F|gnt.Anexcnc'ec|cnu't|-'|gnt-cve-
cnew|nccw.
8cttcn. Fc F|gnt. Detc|' c| tne Fe|c|c c|
Scn Fcnc|cc' cc-ccc|ng cccn cct
uccct|ngtnecc'utcce.
IheSlick:ly|eevc|vecf(cmlheCc(pen-
le( Gclhic :ly|e cnc i: lypicc||y execulec
in wccc. Ihe :ly|e Leccme pcpu|c(
in nc(lhec:le(n vccclicn hcme: wilh
cmp|epc(che:cncwinccw:.Ihec:ym-
mel(y c::cciclec wilh lhe piclu(e:cue
ccnlinue: in lhe Slick. Ihe ncme cf lhe
:ly|ei:ce(ivecf(cmlhewcccmcle(ic|:
cnc u:e cf hc|f-limLe(in lhcl |cc:e|y
mimic: lhe :l(uclu(c| :y:lem cf lhe
Lui|cin. Civi|icn cnc mi|ilc(y excmp|e:
(c(e|y hcve c|| cf lhe chc(ccle(-cefnin
feclu(e: in cne excmp|e. Feclu(e: mcy
inc|ucehc|f-limLe(in.cecc(clivel(u::-
in. mu|li-|ihl winccw:. cnc cve(hcn-
in ecve: wilh :imp|e e|Lcw L(cckel:
cnc/c( expc:ec (cfle( enc:. / ccmmcn
icenlifyinfeclu(ei:lheccmincnlf(cnl
cL|e. Mi|ilc(y excmp|e: c(e (c(e cnc
u:uc||y (e:icenlic|. I(cn:ilicnc| excmp|e:
L|enc lhe ec(|ie( Gclhic Fevivc| c( lhe
|cle(Cueen/nnewilhlheSlick.
ne C'c Fc|nt Ccn|ct L|gnt Keece' Hcue |!8!} ct Fct /cnce. V|g|n|c.
cu|'tcvtneL|gntHcueSev|ce.c|c'cvn|ng'e|c|ng.cccn|nent|cnt
gcc'e.nc'|-t|nce|ng|ntnegcc'e.cncexcceccccketc|tneSt|cktv'e.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
/:ymmel(icc|mc::in
Dcmincnlwcccmcle(ic|:
Dcmincnlf(cnlcL|e
Cve(hcninecve:
Expc:ec (cfle( enc:
E|LcwL(cckel:unce(ecve:
Hc|f-|czecccc(:
I(cn:cm:cve(ccc(:
Mu|li-|ihl/1winccw:
Stick 180-180
Le|t.F'ccwcccketunceecvectcSt|ck-
tv'e c||ce' cucte ct tne Fe|c|c c| Scn
Fcnc|cc.
F|gnt.necncce'|cc.!884}ctFctDcug'c.
Utcn. exn|c|t tne teec cc| cnc cc|ntec
ccn w|nccw c| tne Gctn|c Fev|vc' cnc
tnenc'|-t|nce|ngc|tneSt|cktv'e.
Fc F|gnt. wc excnc'e c| gcc'e tue
uec|ntneSt|cktv'e.
Queen Anne 1880-110
Le|t. An excnc'e c| c Cueen Anne nu't|-
'|gnt-cve-cnew|nccw.
cc. n| c||ce' cucte |!88} ct Vcn-
ccuve 8ccck. Wcn|ngtcn. c|c'cv
ncnv ce|n|ng |ectue c| tne CueenAnne
tv'e|nc'uc|ngcvnnet|cc'nc|ng.e'cc-
cctewccccunccccn.tuet.nu't|-'|gnt
w|nccw.cncvcv|ngtvcec|wcccwck.
8cttcn. Ccnncnc|ng C||ce' cucte
|!888} ct Fct Lcgcn. Cc'cccc. | cn
excnc'ec|CueenAnneccntuctecw|tn
c|ck cnc cn ccen tn|c-lcc cccn.
Ihe Gi|cec /e in /me(icc wc: cefnec Ly lhe ex-
ce::e: cf lhe wec|lhy. Ihi: |cve fc( c(ncmenlclicn
i:i||u:l(clecinlhec(chileclu(ecflhee(c.inc|ucin
lhe Cueen /nne :ly|e. Ihe Gi|cec /e wc: c|:c c
limecf(cpicincu:l(ic|izclicninlhi:ccunl(y.Iheln-
cu:l(ic|/einl(ccucecmc::-p(ccucecwcccwc(k
cnc Lui|cin mcle(ic|: lhcl we(e icec| fc( u:e cn
Cueen /nne-:ly|e Lui|cin:. Iu(nec :pinc|e: cnc
L(cckel: fc( pc(che: cnc lu((el:. wccc :hin|e: fc(
wc||:heclhin.cncLc|u:l(cce:we(ec||u:ecinlhi:
:ly|elcLcc:lcflheccunl(y:cLi|ilie:.Mc:cn(ywc:
c|:cu:ecc:lheccmincnlLui|cinmcle(ic|in:cme
Cueen /nne excmp|e:.
Ihe Cueen /nne :ly|e i: :e|ccm :een in mi|ilc(y
c(chileclu(e. When :een. mi|ilc(y excmp|e: fc||cw
civi|icn excmp|e: c|c:e|y cnc c(e ecuc||y cecc(c-
live. 8clh wccc cnc mc:cn(y excmp|e: cf lhe :ly|e
we(eccn:l(ucleccnmi|ilc(yin:lc||clicn:cu(inlhe
pe(icc.
Accve.vc|cc'CueenAnne-tv'en|ng'e.cwtcctn
|'e|t} cnc |n-cc'e ||gnt}.
cc |gnt. Anctne v|ew c| tne Cueen Anne-tv'e
c||ce' cucte ct Vcnccuve 8ccck ncw|ng tne
encnc| cn tne tcwe cnc |t ccen cccn ct tne
tcc.
8cttcn. Cueen Anne-tv'e cccn cn cn |tc'|cncte
c||ce' cucte |!850} ct Gcvenc |'cnc. New
Yck.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
/:ymmel(icc|mc::in
Mu|lip|emcle(ic|:
GcL|e f(cnl
Fcuncc(:cuc(elcwe(:/lu((el:
E|cLc(clecne-:lc(ypc(che:
C(ncmenlc|:pinc|e:cncL(cckel:
Hc|f-|czecccc(:
I(cn:cm:cve(ccc(:
8cywinccw:
1/1c(mu|li-|ihlwinccw:
Queen Anne 1880-110
Shingle 1880-105
cc. St. Fete' Cncce' |!0!} ct tne /ce
|'cnc Ncvc' Sn|cvcc. Cc'||cn|c. | cne c| tne
|ew n|'|tcv excnc'e c| tne Sn|ng'e tv'e. ne
cncce'' cvnnet|cc' nc|ng cnc ccnt|nucu
ue c| n|ng'e |c tne cc| cnc wc'' ncte|c' |
tvc|cc'c|tnetv'e.
8cttcn.Fxcnc'ec|n|ng'ecctten.
Ihe c(chileclu(c| f(m cf McKim. Mecc.
cnc While pcpu|c(izec lhe Shin|e:ly|e
inc(chileclu(ecu(inlhe|c:lceccce:cf
lhe1lhcenlu(y.Ihe:ly|emcveccwcy
f(cm lhe c(ncmenlclicn cf lhe Cueen
/nne cnc Viclc(icn e(c cnc lcwc(c
cn c(chileclu(e lhcl (e|clec mc(e lc
lhe|cnc:ccpe.Iheccmincnlfeclu(ei:
lheu:ecf:hin|e:c:cccnlinucu:wc||
mcle(ic|. Ihe u:e cf fc(ec ecve: wc:
c|:clypicc|inlhi::ly|e.Mccepcpu|c(Ly
nc(lhe(n Lecch (el(ecl:. few excmp|e:
c(e:eeninmi|ilc(yLui|cin:.
An excnc'e c| c cc-gcc'e cc| cnc ccnt|nucu
wc''n|ng'e.
Fccncncgcc'e |cnt ct St. Fete' Cncce'.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
/:ymmel(icc|mc::in
Wccc :hin|e:icin
Sleep|y-pilchec(ccf
C(c::-cL|e:
Cve(hcninecve:
F|c(ececve:
l((eu|c( (ccfine
GcL|e f(cnl
Fc(che:
Mu|li-|ihl/1winccw:
Shingle 1880-105
Romanesque Revival 1870-100
cc. ne Ccnncnc|ng Genec'' cucte
|!80} ct Fct Sne|ccn. |''|nc|. c'ce'v e-
enc'ec|v|'|cnexcnc'ec|tnetv'e.Dcnec
tcwe. nu't|c'e cc| ncce cnc ne|gnt.
nu't|c'encte|c'.cnccvnnet|cc'nc|ng
cetvc|cc'c|tnetv'e.
Le|t.Wctecwe|!88}ctFctSne|ccn.w|tn
ccnecutteecncut|cctecccn.
F|gnt. Fct C||ce |!88} ct Fct /cnce.
V|g|n|c.w|tntcwecnccuncccne.
Ihe Fcmcne:cue Fevivc| :ly|e L|encec infuence:
f(cm lhe Cueen /nne cnc Shin|e :ly|e: lcelhe(
wilh lhe hecvy u:e cf mc:cn(y cnc (cunc c(che:.
Ihe:ly|ewc:mccepcpu|c(Lyc(chileclHen(yHcL-
:cnFichc(c:cn.whcu:ecmc:cn(ycnc|cw.L(ccc
c(che: in :inifccnl Lui|cin: |ike lhe /||eheny
CcunlyCcu(lhcu:einFill:Lu(h.Fenn:y|vcnic.cnc
I(inilyChu(chin8c:lcn.Mc::cchu:ell:.Fichc(c:cn:
:ucce::fu| inle(p(elclicn cf lhe :ly|e ec(nec lhe
ncme Fichc(c:cnicn Fcmcne:cue. Ihe mi|ilc(y
imp|emenlec lhe :ly|e cu(in lhe |c:l ceccce: cf
lhe1lhcenlu(y:hcweve(.L(ickwc:lheccmincnl
Lui|cin mcle(ic| in mi|ilc(y excmp|e:. u:in vc(icu:
cc|c(:cfL(ickc(L(ickinccmLinclicnwilh:lcnelc
execule lhe c(ncmenlclicn.
cc Le|t. C||ce' cucte |!80} ct Fct
Sne|ccn.w|tncuncecentcnceccn.
ccF|gnt.ne8cncHc''8u|'c|ng|cc.!00}
ct Fct Scn Hcutcn. exc. |''utcte tne
n|n|nc'|t ccccccn tc tne tv'e wn|'e
nc|ntc|n|ng cncccte-ce|n|ng |ectue
ucncnu't|c'etextuecncncte|c'.tne
ccn|ncnt cunc-ccnec entcnce. cnc
lcnk|ng w|nccw.
Le|t.neJe||ecnv|''eCuctencteDecct
|!84}. |nc|cnc. |''utcte c etc|nec n|'|-
tcvexcnc'ec|tnetv'e.
F|gnt. /c|n entcnce tc tne Fct C||ce ct
Fct/cnce.
Romanesque Revival 1870-100
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Hip.py(cmicc|.c(cL|e(ccf:
Dcmeccncccnicc|lcwe(:
U:ecfL(ickc((cuhhewn{(u:licclec)
:lcne
8(cccc(che:cve(ccc(:
Fcuncc(che:
Fclle(nec c( lexlu(ec mc:cn(y
cve(winccw:
G(cup: cf winccw:
Rustic 1870-140
cc.ne/|'|tcv/ueun|!!8}ctFctLew|.Wcn|ngtcn.
|cnec|tne|ewFut|cexcnc'ew|tn|nDcD.|twccu|'t
|ctneSc'vct|cnAnvcnccccu|eccvtneAnv|n!2!.
8cttcn.ne|cneNCCC'uc|!3}cttneFe|c|cc|Scn
Fcnc|cc.Cc'||cn|c.ccnvevtneFut|ctv'etncugntne
uec|cwccc-|cnetuctue.tcnecce.cncnc|zcntc'
'cg|c|ng.
Ihece:i(ecfwec|lhy/me(iccn:lc(cuhili:lhe
impelu:fc(lheceve|cpmenlcflheFu:lic:ly|e.ll
i:c|:ckncwnc:lhe/ci(cncck:ly|eLeccu:ecf
il: pcpu|c(ily in lhcl (eicn cf New Yc(k. Ihe u:e
cf|c.:lcne.cncc|cpLcc(cen:u(eclhe:ly|e:
L|enc wilh lhe :u((cuncin |cnc:ccpe. Ihe :ly|e
wc:wice|ycccplecLylheNclicnc|Fc(kSe(vice
fc(|cce:cncLui|cin:wilhinlhenclicnc|pc(k:.
Excmp|e: cf lhe :ly|e :li|| exi:l in Ye||cw:lcne.
Yc:emile. cnc lhe G(cnc Ccnycn Nclicnc|
Fc(k:. Ihe :ly|e :p(ecc lc lhe :lcle pc(k: cu(in
lheDep(e::icnwilhlhec::i:lcncecflheCivi|icn
Ccn:e(vclicn Cc(p: {CCC). whc ccn:l(uclec
Lui|cin: cnc :l(uclu(e: cc(c:: lhe ccunl(y. ln
cccilicnlclhep(imc(yLui|cinmcle(ic|:cf|c.
:lcne. cnc c|cpLcc(c. Lui|cin: lypicc||y hcve
:leep:|cpin(ccf:pie(cecLy:hec(ccfcc(me(:.
wice (ccf cve(hcn: wilh :c(c||-:cwn (cfle( lci|:.
cnc hecvy L(cckel:. Mi|ilc(y excmp|e: c|c:e|y
(e:emL|e civi|icn excmp|e: cf lhe :ly|e.
neFecec'F|cn|nncte|FctLew|}cu|'ttn|ev|cetct|cn|!38}ctFct
Lew|cutc|tcne|ntneFut|ctv'e.
Le|t. Fxcnc'e c| c nec
cc| ccne |ecve c|
ccne ccc''e' tc ecve
c|nc|ncc|}.
F|gnt.Fxcnc'ec|
ccc''-cwnc|tetc|'.
Rustic 1870-140
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Sleep:|cpin(ccf
Wice cve(hcnin ecve:
Lc(ee|LcwL(cckel:
Expc:ec (cfle(:
Sc(c||-:cwn(cfle(lci|:
Fece::ecpc(ch
Shec(ccfcc(me(:
Fci(eccnc:in|ewinccw:
/c(mu|li-|ihlwinccw:
Beaux Arts 1885-140
nec'c8cckAnv/ec|cc'Cente|!3}ctFctScnHcutcn.exc.
|ectuecCnu|gueecue|ntecetct|cnc|tne8ecuxAt.|''utcteccv
nccnvncte|c'.cccce.c|'cte.cc'utccew|nccw.cctcucne.
cnccc|cc'utcce.
Ccnncnccnt' Cucte |cc. !8} ct Ncvc' Stct|cn
K|tcc8enetcn.Wcn|ngtcn.
Ihe cc|e ce: 8ecux-/(l:. cn ccccemy in
Fc(i:.F(cnce.:hcpeclhec(lcncc(chileclu(e
cf F(cnce cnc Eu(cpe Leinnin in lhe 17lh
cenlu(y. Du(in lhe lu(n cf lhe 20lh cenlu(y.
fc(luncle /me(iccn c(chilecl: l(cve|ec lc
F(cncelc:lucycllhe/cccemy.8ecux /(l:.
whichl(cn:|cle:lcFine/(l:.i:lhe/me(iccn
l(cn:|clicn cf lhe F(ench c(chileclu(c|
infuence pcpu|c(izec cu(in lhi: lime. Ihe
exuLe(cnl :ly|e i: :imi|c( in Lclh civi|icn cnc
mi|ilc(y excmp|e:. Feclu(e: c(e |cye(ec lc
cefne lhe :ly|e. Mc:cn(y Lui|cin mcle(ic|:
c(ecle lhe fcuncclicn. emLe||i:hec Ly
c(cccec enl(cnce:. pi|c:le(:. cnc pci(ec
cc|umn:.c:we||c:Lc|u:l(ccecwinccw:cnc
(ccflcp: fu(lhe( cccenlec Ly mcci||icn: cnc
cc(lcuche:.
cc.Hect|ngc'cnt|!0}ctCnc'etcnNcvvYcc.
Scutn Ccc'|nc. w|tn c|'cte cnc cccce-'|ke
w|nccw. ce|n|ng |ectue c| tne 8ecux At tv'e.
8cttcn. 8cncc|t Hc'' |!05} ct tne U.S. Ncvc'
Acccenv. /cv'cnc. |''utcte tne 8ecux At tv'e
w|tn ut|cctec nccnv. cc|ec cc'unn. cc|tcc
cc'utcce.ncc|''|cnccue.cccket.cncncncc
cnc lct cc|.
Beaux Arts 1885-140
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
F|clc(mcn:c(c(ccf
FccfLc|u:l(cce:
Mc:cn(ywc||:
Cucin:.pi|c:le(:cnc/c(cc|umn:
Fu:licclec f(:l :lc(y
/(ccce:
/pp|iecc(ncmenl
fe:lccn:.:wc:.cc(lcuche:
Fecimenlecc(L(cckelecwinccw:
Winccw Lc|u:l(cce:
Neoclassical Revival 185-150
Necc|c::icc| Fevivc|. wc: p(evc|enl in /me(iccn
c(chileclu(e cu(in lhe |c:l few yec(: cf lhe 1lh
cenlu(y cnc lhe f(:l hc|f cf lhe 20lh cenlu(y. ll i: c
(e:l(cinec ve(:icn cf lhe 8ecux /(l: wilh c ccnneclicn
lclheec(|y1lhcenlu(y:ly|e./fu||-heihlpc(licc
c( pc(ch i: lhe ccmincnl feclu(e. ln ec(|y excmp|e:.
lhecc|umn:we(ec|c::icc||yin:pi(ec.whe(ec:|cle(
(e:icenlic| excmp|e: mcy hcve :imp|e :cuc(e pc:l:.
Ihcuhnclc:pcpu|c(c:lheCc|cnic|Fevivc|:ly|e.
il cic :hcw |cnevily. |c:lin lc lhe mic-cenlu(y
mc(k. ln mi|ilc(y c(chileclu(e. il wc: cflen u:ec fc(
(e:icenlic|cncccmini:l(clicnLui|cin:.
cc. C||ce' cucte |!00} ct /ce |'cnc Ncvc' Sn|cvcc.
Cc'||cn|c.
8cttcn'e|t.G||tCncce'|!0}ctFctScnHcutcn.exc.
8cttcn|gnt.Hecccucte|cc.!2}ctFct8e'vc|.V|g|n|c.
Neoclassical Revival 185-150
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Symmel(y
FccfLc|u:l(cce:
Denli|mc|cin:
Fu||-heihlpc(liccc(pc(ch
C|c::icc|cc|umn:{ec(|y)
Scuc(epc:l:{|cle)
Enl(cncewilhfcn|ihlc(l(cn:cm
cnc:ice|ihl:
F|gnt. ne ccn|ncnt |u''-ne|gnt cct|cc w|tn c'c|cc'
cc'unn. cent|' nc'c|ng. cuc|n. vnnetv. cnc
c'c|cc''v-|nc|ecentcncecec''e'enentc|tneec'v
Necc'c|cc' c een |n tnee ccnncnce' cucte
excnc'e|cc.!0}|cnFct/cnce.V|g|n|c.|tcc}cnc
F.F.WcenA|Fcce8ce.Wvcn|ng|ccttcn}.
Colonial Revival 1880-140
Le|t.Anexcnc'ec|c/2w|nccw
cncc!/!w|nccw.
F|gnt. cc & 8cttcn. nee c|-
|ce' cucte cuc'exe |cc.
!05} ct Vcnccuve 8ccck.
Wcn|ngtcn. w|tn gcc'e cc|.
cne-tcvcccne.cncvnnet-
|cc' nc|ng ce |nc|cct|ve c|
tneCc'cn|c'Fev|vc'.
Cc|cnic| Fevivc| i: cn umL(e||c le(m u:ec lc
ce:c(iLe lhe pe(icc (evivc|: lhcl ccminclec
c(chileclu(c| :ly|e cu(in lhe |c:l ceccce: cf
lhe1lhcenlu(ylh(cuhlhemicc|ecflhe20lh
cenlu(y. Ihe :ly|e l(cn:ilicnec f(cm lhe Cueen
/nnecnc:cmelime:ci:p|cyecc:uLl|eL|encin
cflhelwc:ly|e:.Ihe:ly|ei:lypicc||yc:ymmel(icc|
wilh f(cnl cL|e: cnc w(cpc(cunc pc(che:. Lul
wilh|e::c(ncmenlcncmc(e:imp|ecelci|in.|ike
c|c::icc|cc|umn:.C|c:e(lclhelu(ncflhecenlu(y.
ilLeccmemc(efc(mc|izec.hc(kinLccklclhe
:ymmel(y cf lhe Gec(icn cnc Fece(c| :ly|e:.
Ihe new Cc|cnic| i||u:l(clec :ymmel(y Lul
wc: exce(clec cnc mc(e ccmp|icclec lhcn
ec(|ie( :ly|e:. Mi|ilc(y excmp|e: (cne f(cm :imp|y
celci|ec lc exl(cvccnl. cepencin cn lhe
Lui|cinlypecncimpc(lcncelclhein:lc||clicn
hie(c(chy. Ihe:e pe(icc (evivc|: we(e c|:c
incc(pc(clecinlclhe:lcncc(cizecp|cn:fc(lhe
mi|ilc(ycnclhe(efc(e.ili:nclunccmmcnlc:ee
lhe:cmeLui|cincl:eve(c|ciffe(enlin:lc||clicn:
execulec wilh ciffe(enl mcle(ic|:. Ihe Cc|cnic|
Fevivc| wc: u:ec in mi|ilc(y c(chileclu(e unli|
Wc(|c Wc( ll.
neetwccucccc'exe|cc.!05}ce|cent|cc'|nc'cncncce|gn.cutuct'ec|||eence
ncve ceen |nccccctec tc |t |ntc tne |ntc''ct|cn tnev eve. ne Fct Scn Hcutcn.
exc.excnc'e|'e|t}ncve''cw-cc'cecc|ckwn|'etneFct/cnce.V|g|n|c.excnc'e
||gnt}||necc|ckcncccctccc|-tcccc'utcce.
An c||ce' cucte |cc. !00} ct
Fct Hcnccck. New Jeev. w|tn
ceccctec ccne cnc |u''-w|ctn
cccn.
ne Fct Ccnncnce' Cucte |cc. !30} ct Fct Lew|. Wcn|ngtcn.
nc|ntc|n tne gcc'e cc|. gcc'e ccne. cc|tcc cc'utcce. cnc
ccuc'e-nungw|nccwc|tneCc'cn|c'Fev|vc'tv'e.
Colonial Revival 1880-140
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
U:uc||ylwc:lc(ie:
Hip(ccf.hipcc(me(.c(cL|e(ccf
Fu||-wiclhpc(chc(enl(ypc(licc
Fcne|ecccc(
Fcn|ihlc(l(cn:cmcnc:ice|ihl:
Fci(ecwinccw:
2/2./1./2.c(/winccw:
Prairie 100-140
cc. n| cne-tcv c||ce' cucte |cc. !30}
|cnexcnc'ectH|ckcnA|Fcce8ce.
Hcwc||.|tnctne'cwn|ccc|.nc|zcntc'
nc|ng.w|ceecve.cncccncc|w|nccw
ccnncntctnetv'e.
8cttcn. C||ce' cucte |!3} ct Cnc'etcn
NcvvYcc.ScutnCcc'|nc.
Ihe F(ci(ie :ly|e cf c(chileclu(e wc:
c(eclecLyc(cupcfc(chilecl:inl||inci:
kncwn c: lhe F(ci(ie Schcc|. Ihe mc:l
fcmcu: cf lhe:e c(chilecl: wc: F(cnk
L|cyc W(ihl. whc p(cmclec lhe icec|:
cf lhe F(ci(ie Schcc|. which inc|ucec
l(ulhinlhemcle(ic|:cncinle(clicnwilh
lhe |cnc:ccpe. Whi|e W(ihl: excmp|e:
cflhe:ly|ec(elhemc:lfcmcu:.mcny
|ccc| c(chilecl: :ucce::fu||y inle(p(elec
lhe :ly|e in excmp|e: cc(c:: lhe ccunl(y.
Civi|icn excmp|e: hcve hc(izcnlc|
exp(e::icn. |cw-p(cf|e hip (ccf: cnc
hip cc(me(:. cnc wice cve(hcnin
ecve:.Ihemc:lccmmcnfc(mcccplec
f(cm lhe F(ci(ie Schcc| i: lhe /me(iccn
Fcu(:cuc(e. which i: c lwc-:lc(y hcu:e
fc(mwilhhip(ccf.fu||-wiclhpc(ch.cnc
cc(me(. Few excmp|e: cf lhe F(ci(ie
:ly|e exi:l wilhin lhe mi|ilc(y invenlc(y.
Ihc:e lhcl cc exi:l c(e ve(y :imp|e cnc
(e:l(cinec. cnc mc:l exhiLil hc(izcnlc|
mc::incncwiceecve:.
cc. n| cucte |cc. !!0} ct Fct /cFnecn.
Gecg|c.c'ce'veenc'etneAne|ccnFcucuce
excnc'e |cunc ccc tne ccuntv. ne n|c cc|
w|tn lcec enc. n|c ccne w|tn ccnc c| w|nccw.
cnc twc-cve-twc |cccce ccn|guct|cn ce
cncccte|t|cc|tnetv'e.
8cttcn. Le|t tc F|gnt. Fxcnc'e c| c 3/! vet|cc'.
4/! vet|cc'. cnc twc Fc||e-tv'e w|nccw |c'c
ccc'|ccc'e tc tne Cueen Anne. Cc'cn|c' Fev|vc'.
cnc8ungc'cwtv'e}.
Prairie 100-140
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Hc(izcnlc|mc::in
Fu||-wiclhpc(ch
Lcwhip(ccf
Cve(hcninecve:
Expc:ec (cfle( enc:
Hipcc(me(winccw:
8cnc:cfwinccw:
1/1.3/1ve(licc|.4/1ve(licc|winccw:
Bungalow 100-135
cc. n| cungc'cw |cc. !20} ct Ccnc 8u''|. exc.
wc cu|'t cv twc c'c|e wnc |nccccctec nct|ve
ncte|c'. c w|ce cc| cvencng. cnc exccec c|te
enc|ntctnece|gnc|tnencue.
8cttcn.8ungc'cwcccncetc|'excnc'ec|ccctteec
cct|'e|t}cncccctteeccctcnctc|gntc|e||gnt}.
Ihe/(l:cncC(cfl:McvemenlinEn|cncLecn
cfccu:lcwc(c:l(ccilicnc|c(cfl:mcn:hipcnc
lhe u:e cnc p(cmclicn cf nclu(c| mcle(ic|:.
Ihi: icec| wc: p(cmclec in lhe Unilec Slcle:
Ly Gu:lcv Slick|ey in hi: mcczine Cc|tncn.
puL|i:hecf(cm101lc11./nc(chileclu(c|
f(m in Cc|ifc(nic. G(eene cnc G(eene.
cccplec lhe :ly|e cnc p(ccucec lhe mc:l
:cphi:licclec excmp|e:. Ihe :ly|e wc: wice|y
cccpleclh(cuhcullheccunl(yinlhefc(m:
cf :mc|| hcu:e: cnc Lunc|cw: (cnin f(cm
:imp|e ccllce: lc C(cfl:mcn-:ly|e hcu:e:.
Ihe(e c(e cn|y c few excmp|e: in mi|ilc(y-
ce:inecLui|cin:.Hcweve(.lhe(ec(emcny
mi|ilc(y-cccui(ec excmp|e:. which c(e le(mec
8unc|cw he(e cue lc lhe |cck cf pu(e
C(cfl:mcn-:ly|e Lui|cin: in DcD. Ihe :ly|e i:
chc(ccle(izecLycL|ef(cnl.:ice-cL|e.cnc
hip(ccf:c(hipcc(me(:wilhwicecve(hcnin
ecve:. expc:ec (cfle( enc:. e|Lcw L(cckel:.
cnc fu||-wiclh pc(che: :uppc(lec Ly L(ick.
L|cck.c(:lucccecpie(:wilhLclle(ec:cuc(e
pc:l:.
Le|t.Anexcnc'ec|c4/!vet|cc'
'|gntw|nccw.
cc F|gnt. n| cucte |cc.
!2} cn Ke''v A| Fcce 8ce.
exc.|cnexce''entexcnc'ec|
tne 8ungc'cw. Ncte tne e'ccw
cccketuncetnecvencng|ng
ecve cnc tne cctteec cct.
ne w|ce cccn nc ceen
c'teec cv enc'cue cut | t|''
ec|'v|ntecetec.
8cttcn F|gnt. ne Fct Lew|.
Wcn|ngtcn.excnc'e|cc.!35}
| nce etc|nec w|tn cn'v
cvencng|ng ecve cnc |ze
|nc|cct|ngtne8ungc'cwtv'e.
Bungalow 100-135
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
GcL|e (ccf. hip(ccf.c(hipcc(me(:
Cve(hcninecve:
Expc:ec (cfle( enc:
E|LcwL(cckel:
Mcle(ic|:innclu(c|:lcle
8(cccpc(che:
Mc:cn(ypie(:wilhLclle(ecpc:l:
3/1c(4/1ve(licc|winccw:
World War I 117-11
When lhe Unilec Slcle: cec|c(ec wc(
ccin:l Ge(mcny in Jcnuc(y 117. l(ccp
hcu:in ccccmmccclec 124.000 men.
Ihe Wc( Depc(lmenl culhc(izec lhe
/(my Cuc(le(mc:le( Gene(c| lc ccn-
:l(ucl32newccnlcnmenl:fc(lhe/(my
cnc lhe Nclicnc| Guc(c. lc Le ccm-
p|elecLySeplemLe(117.Ccn:l(uclec
:c|e|y cf wccc. lhe:e :lcncc(cizec
lempc(c(yLui|cin:we(euli|izeccllhe
/(my ccnlcnmenl:. whi|e lhe Nclicnc|
Guc(c ccnlcnmenl: hcc lenl:. Mc:l
:l(uclu(e: we(e ccmp|elec Ly lhe enc
cfNcvemLe(117.hcu:inclclc|cf1.5
mi||icn :c|cie(:. Iypicc| lempc(c(y Lui|c-
in: we(e Lc((cck:. |cl(ine:. (eimenlc|
hecccuc(le(:. wc(ehcu:e:. hc:pilc|:.
lhecle(:.cncchcpe|:.lncccilicnlclhe
new ccnlcnmenl:. lhe Wc( Depc(lmenl
expcncec exi:lin fc(l: Ly ccn:l(uclin
lempc(c(y Lui|cin: whe(eve( neecec.
IheNcvyDepc(lmenl.fc(lhemc:lpc(l.
cic ncl neec mcny new in:lc||clicn::
hcweve(. lempc(c(y Lui|cin: we(e
ccn:l(ucleccnc:muchcpen:pccec:
pc::iL|ecu(inlhi:pe(icc.
cc.An|tc|cv|ewc|Ccnc/cC'e''cn.
A'cccnc|cc.!!8}.
8cttcn.H|tc|ccnctcgccnc|cccck
ctCcncHcnccck.Gecg|c|cc.!!8}.
World War I 117-11
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Fu||-|enlhvenli|clc(:
Shc(l-|enlhvenli|clc(:
Fc||ec (ccfn
Hc(izcnlc|:icin
/winccw:
H|tc|ccnctcgccnc|CcncJcckcn.ScutnCcc'|nc
|cc.!!8}.
H|tc|ccnctcgccnc|ccccckctCcncCute./|cn|gcn|cc.!!8}.
H|tc|ccnctcgccnc|cecect|cncu|'c|ngctCcnc/e|tt.NewJeev
|cc.!!8}.
Spanish Revival 115-140
Accve.nec'cFctnecte|!34}ctFctHuccnucc.A|zcnc.
w|tn c cuv|'|nec cnc ceccctec ccl|ne.
cc. ne Scn D|egc Ncvc' Hcc|tc' |!25}. Cc'||cn|c. wc
ce|gneccv8etcnGcccnue|ntneSccn|nFev|vc'tv'e.
8cttcn. Cncce' |!3} ct Fcncc'cn A| Fcce 8ce. exc. cn
e'ccccte entcnce lcnkec cv ce'' tcwe.
Spcni:hFevivc|Leccmepcpu|c(cfle(lheFcncmc-
Cc|ifc(nic Expc:ilicn in Scn Diec in 115 ce:inec
Ly 8e(l(cm Gccchue. Ihe Spcni:h Fevivc| :ly|e wc:
chc(ccle(izec Ly |cw (ccf fc(m:. c|cy li|e (ccfn.
:lucccwc||:u(fcce:.cncc(che:.Ccmmcn(ccffc(m:
inc|uce :ice-cL|e. c(c::-cL|e. hip. ccmLinclicn
hip cnc cL|e. cnc fcl (ccf:. Mi|ilc(y c(chileclu(e
cccpleclheSpcni:hFevivc|.:cmelime:(efe((eclcc:
Mi::icnFevivc|.Spcni:hEc|eclic.c(Spcni:hCc|cnic|
Fevivc|. e:pecic||y cn fc(me( Wc(|c Wc( l /(my
ccmp:. Mcny cf lhe:e ccmp: Leccme pe(mcnenl
in:lc||clicn: immecicle|y fc||cwin Wc(|c Wc( l cnc
lhi: :ly|e wc: lhe p(imc(y c(chileclu(c| infuence.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Lcw(ccf
C|cy(ccfli|e:
Smcclhwc||:u(fcce.u:uc||y:luccc
/(checcpenin:c(L|incc(che:
cc.ScgeHc''.tnetnecte|cc.!35}ctFct8'|.exc.|
cncccte|zeccvc'cvt|'e.tucccwc''u|cce.ccccec
cccn.cncccnecnct||cntneccn|ncntgcc'e|cnt.
8cttcn.neSccn|nFev|vc'wcuecw|ce'v|cncu|ng.
|nc'uc|ng tn| NCC cucte |cc. !35} ct Fct 8cgg.
Nctn Ccc'|nc. |'e|t} cnc c||ce' cucte |cc. !35} ct
Fct8enn|ng.Gecg|c||gnt}.
Spanish Revival 115-140
French Revival 115-140
A''tneec|tneecucte|cc.!30}cect/cxwe''A|Fcce
8ce. A'cccnc. W|tn uct'e c|||eence. tnev c'' ce |nluencec
cvtneFencnFev|vc'.
F(enchFevivc|i:cnecflhepe(icc(evivc|:cflhe20lh
cenlu(y.Menwhc(elu(neclclheUnilecSlcle:cfle(
:e(vininWc(|c Wc( l hcc :een lhe c(chileclu(e cf lhe
F(ench ccunl(y:ice. Ihi: kncw|ece. ccmLinec wilh
phclc(cph:innew:mcczine:.encL|ecc(chilecl:
lc imp|emenl lhe :ly|e. mc:l cflen in (e:icenlic|
c(chileclu(e.Ihecivi|icn:ly|ei:chc(ccle(izecLyhih
hip(ccf:c(hipcc(me(:.:mcclhwc||:u(fcce:.cucin:.
lcwe(:. cnc lc|| chimney:. :cmelime: wilh chimney
pcl:. Mi|ilc(y excmp|e: c|c:e|y mi((c( civi|icn excmp|e:
cncc(efcuncclcn|ycfewin:lc||clicn:.
/ucnc|tneccn|tectue
|cc. !32} ct 8ckcc'e
A| Fcce 8ce. Lcu||-
cnc. | |nluencec cv tne
Fencn Fev|vc' tv'e |n-
c'uc|ngtn|cuc'ex|tcc}.
tne |e tct|cn |ccttcn
'e|t}. cnc tne C||ce'
C'uc|ccttcn|gnt}.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
F(cminenlenl(cnce
Hihhip(ccfc(hipcc(me(:
Ecve: :|ihl|y fc(e cl enc:
8(ick.:lcne.c(:luccc
Cucin:
/(checcpenin:
8c|u:l(ccecpc(che:cncLc|ccnie:
/c(8/8winccw:
French Revival 115-140
Dutch Colonial Revival 1880-140
Accve. Sen|c c||ce' cucte |!2!} ct tne Ncvc'
SuccctFcc|'|tv|nDcn'gen.V|g|n|c.
ccF|gnt.We''-kncwnccn|tectA'cetKcnnce|gnec
tneeNCCcucte|cc.!20}ctJc|nt8ceLcng'ev-
Fut|.V|g|n|c.w|tn/cnc8/8ccuc'e-nungw|nccw.
8cttcn F|gnt. NCC cucte |!80} ct Fct Sne|ccn.
|''|nc|.|ectu|ngcccn|ncntcc-gcc'egcnce'cc|.
Dulch. c( GcmL(e|. Cc|cnic|Fevivc|i:cnclhe(
:uLlypecflheCc|cnic|Fevivc|.Ihi:c(chilec-
lu(c| infuence mcinlcin: mcny cf lhe Cc|cnic|
Fevivc| feclu(e: Lul i: ec:i|y icenlifec Ly lhe
u:ecfccmL(e|(ccf.IhecmL(e|(ccfccn
Le c :ice- cmL(e|. f(cnl-cmL(e|. c( c(c::-
cmL(e|. Sice-cmL(e| (ccf: c(e lypicc||y
pie(cec Ly :hec (ccf cc(me(:. Ccmme(cic|
excmp|e: cf Dulch Cc|cnic| Fevivc| c(e (c(e
in ccnl(c:l lc lhe pcpu|c( (e:icenlic| u:e cf
lhe :ly|e. Cn mi|ilc(y in:lc||clicn:. lhe :ly|e
wc: imp|emenlec fc( (e:icenlic| u:e. u:uc||y
ncnccmmi::icnec cffce( hcu:in. cnc cflen
in lhe cup|ex fc(m.
Accve.Anexcnc'ec|cgcnce'cc|.
cc cnc 8cttcn. nee ncue |!05} ct Ncvc'
8ce K|tcc 8enetcn. Wcn|ngtcn. ut|'|ze tne |ce
gcnce' cc|. w|tn c 'cge gcnce' wc'' ccne c
tne |ccc' cc|nt. Suct'e c|||eence. '|ke tne w|nccw
tectnent|ntneccne.cccvc|etvtctnetcnccc
c'cn.
Dutch Colonial Revival 1880-140
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Symmel(icc|mc::in
GcmL(e| (ccf
Sicec(c(c::-cmL(e|(ccf
Shec(ccfcc(me(:
Enl(ypc(licc
DcuL|e-hunwinccw:
3/1ve(licc|.4/1ve(licc|./.c(8/8
winccw:
Iucc( Fevivc| :ly|e i: infuencec Ly lhe En|i:h
c(chileclu(e cf lhe 17lh cnc 18lh cenlu(ie:.
Ihehc|f-limLe(ini:cc:melic.(clhe(lhcnlhe
:l(uclu(c| hc|f-limLe(in cf lhe infuence. Ihe
:ly|ewc:inilic||ypcpu|c(fc(mcnc(hcu:e:.8y
lhe 130:. il Leccme exceecin|y pcpu|c( fc(
micc|e-c|c::hcme:cncwc:fcunclh(cuhcul
lheccunl(yinhi:lc(icneihLc(hccc:.Mi|ilc(y
excmp|e: (cne f(cm hih-:ly|e lc mcce:l|y-
celci|ec. cnc c(e mc:l cflen fcunc in
(e:icenlic| excmp|e:.
Tudor Revival 100-145
A''c|tneecucte|cc.!34}ctJc|nt8ceLcng'ev-
Fut|.V|g|n|c.weece|gneccvccn|tectA'cetKcnn
|n tne ucc Fev|vc' tv'e |tcc. ccttcn 'e|t & |gnt |n
cctn|ng'e-|cn|'vcnccuc'exexcnc'e}.
cc. n| excnc'e |!3!} c| tne ucc Fev|vc' tv'e
ct Ncvc' 8ce K|tcc 8enetcn. Wcn|ngtcn. | c
etc|nec excnc'e. ne teec cc-gcc'e cc|.
ccenent w|nccw. cnc ccnec entcnce w|tn
ccntct|ng tcne cetc|' ce tne cncccte-ce|n|ng
|ectue tnct |''utcte tne ucc |nluence.
8cttcn. ne ce|n|ng |ectue c| tne ucc tv'e ce
ncwn|ntn|cct|c'e'evct|cn.
Tudor Revival 100-145
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Hc|f-limLe(in
Fclle(necmc:cn(y
U:ecfmu|lip|emcle(ic|:
Sleep|y-pilchec(ccf
Dcmincnlc(c::-cL|e:
Lc(echimney:
Enl(ypc(licc:
Ic||.nc((cwwinccw:
Fci(:c((cup:cfwinccw:
Cc:emenlwinccw:
DcuL|e-hunwinccw:
Mu|li-|ihlwinccw:
Georgian Revival 1880-140
8cttcn Le|t. ne Hecccucte 8u|'c|ng |!30} ct Fct Lew|.
Wcn|ngtcn. | c nce e'cngctec ve|cn u|ng cuc|n ctne
tncnc|'cte.cnccuncccne|ncccentcncccne.
Gec(icn Fevivc| i: c :uLlype cf lhe Cc|cnic| Fevivc|
lhcl cinec wice:p(ecc pcpu|c(ily cu(in lhe pe(icc
(evivc|:cflheec(|y20lhcenlu(y.Ihe:l(icl:ymmel(ycf
lhehi:lc(icGec(icn mcce|. c: we|| c: imp|emenlclicn
cf lhe pcvi|icn c( :ue:licn cf lhe pcvi|icn. i:
imp|emenlecinlhe(evivc|.Lulincmuch|c(e(wcy.
ln lhe civi|icn wc(|c. lhe:e Lui|cin: we(e pcpu|c( fc(
(e:icenlic|. municipc|. cnc ccccemic ce:in. ln lhe
mi|ilc(y wc(|c. Gec(icn Fevivc| wc: incc(pc(clec
inlc hc:pilc|:. hecccuc(le(:. Lc((cck:. cnc hcu:in.
E:pecic||ycllhefc(me(Wc(|c Wc( l /(my ccmp:. lhe
Gec(icn Fevivc| wc: cccplec mc:l f(ecuenl|y in
:lcncc(cizecp|cn:.
ne Fct Fxcncnge |!05} ct /cc|cn 8ccck. New Yck.
|tcc}cnctne/eHc''|!28}ctWc'teFeecAnv/ec|cc'
Cente. D.C.. |ccttcn} ce tvc|cc' c| tne Gecg|cn Fev|vc'.
Fet|ngcncc|ec ccenent. tne cu|'c|ng' '|gnt'v ccect|ng
centc' ccv|'|cn ccn|ncte tne vnnet|cc' |cccce cnc |
cccentucteccvc|'ctecnccent|'nc'c|ng.
cc. Cucte ! |!3} ct Fct 8e'vc|. V|g|n|c. |
cnctne|ntecetct|cnc|tneGecg|cnFev|vc'.cut
w|tn lct cc| entv cct|cc. |ce-gcc'e ctne tncn
n|ccc|.cncgcc'eccc|ccne.
8cttcn.neFctHcc|tc'|!35}cnGcvenc|'cnc.
New Yck. c'c exn|c|t tne Gecg|cn Fev|vc' tv'e.
cgc|n etc|nec w|tn c c|ec ccenent. centc'
ccv|'|cn.c|'cte.cncce'tccue.
Georgian Revival 1880-140
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
GcL|e (ccf. hip(ccf.c(hipcc(me(
Cenl(c|p(cjeclinpcvi|icn
Fi|c:le(:cnc/c(cucin:
Fci:ecLc:emenl
F|clc(che:cve(winccw:
/c(8/8winccw:
Art Deco 120-145
cc.nenueun|cc.!4!}ctFetecnA|Fcce8ce.Cc'ccccwcc|g|nc''v
tneten|nc'|ctneCc'ccccSc|ng/un|c|cc'A|cct.|t|cceexcnc'ec|tne
n|gntv'eAtDecc|ntnen|'|tcv|nventcv.neeececc|'cte.tv'|zecnct||.
cnccnevcnccn|ce.c''|ntecccttc.ceeceentct|vec|tnetv'e.
8cttcn. ne |''|nc| Nct|cnc' Gucc Ancv |!30} ct Cncncc|gn. |''|nc|. |'e|t}
evcketneAtDecc.cccetneecg'e|cncccck|!30}ctKe''vA|Fcce
8ce. exc. |cente} cnc tne centc' tcwe. cuvec ccnccv. cnc tv'|zec
cu'ctuecntne8ecu|ctNcvc'Hcc|tc'|cc.!4}.ScutnCcc'|nc||gnt}.
/(l Decc wc: in:pi(ec Ly lhe 125 Expc:ilicn lnle(nclicnc|e ce: /(l:
Decc(clif: el lncu:l(ie|: Mcce(ne: he|c in Fc(i:. which inl(ccucec
wc(k: lhcl cLcnccnec cncienl :ly|e: cnc :l(cve fc( mcce(n
inle(p(elclicn cf lhe Mcchine /e. Delci|:. :uch c: (eecec c( fulec
lcwe(:.cc|umn:.c(pi|c:le(:.lhclccnveyc:en:ecfve(licc|ilyc(e
ccmmcn.c:c(e:ly|izecmclif:.ecmel(icpclle(n:.cnclheu:ecf
chev(cn:. Scme civi|icn excmp|e: c(e ve(y e|cLc(cle. u:in mu|li-
cc|c(ecmcle(ic|:.:uchc:le((cccllc.cnc|cye(:cf:ly|izecce:in:.
Mi|ilc(y excmp|e: c(e lypicc||y (e:l(cinec wilh minimc| c(ncmenlclicn
cnccn|ycfewchc(ccle(i:licfeclu(e:.
necu|'c|ng|!4!}cntne'e|tctNcvc'8ceK|tcc
8enetcn.Wcn|ngtcn.|cvevetc|necexcnc'e.
cut nc|ntc|n tne encnc| ct tne entcnce. ne
cetc|'cntne|gnt|cc'ce-ucc|tnecuvecncnc'e
c| tne cne cu|'c|ng' ccc. c'c cn At Decc cetc|'.
Art Deco 120-145
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Ve(licc|mc::inc(e|emenl:
F|cl(ccf:
Smcclhwc||:u(fcce
Feecin c( fulin c(cunc ccc(: cnc
winccw:
Zizc:.chev(cn:.ecmel(iccnc
:ly|izecmclif:
Cc:emenlwinccw:
netnecte|!4!}ctNcvc'A|Stct|cnCccuCn|t|.Iexc:.
| c etc|nec excnc'e c| tne tv'e. |t nc c lct cc|. ncctn
wc''u|cce.cncvet|cc'encnc|cttneentcnceccn|tent
w|tntnetv'e.
FnctcgccnvcncAncnentScncc'8u|'c|ng|!42}ctLcwv
A| Fcce 8ce |n Denve. Cc'cccc. ne vet|cc' entcnce
cnc ccnc c| w|nccw ce ce|n|ng |ectue c| tne At Decc.
Art Moderne 120-145
cc. n| cu|'c|ng |cc. !40} ct Ncvc' A| Stct|cn
A'cnecc.Cc'||cn|c.|cnexcnc'ec|tneAt/ccene.
tnecuvecwc''.ncctnwc''.cnce|ec|ccncce
c''|nc|cct|vec|tnetv'e.
8cttcn.n|cuc'ex|cc.!35}ctKe''vA|Fcce8ce.
exc. cce nct ncve tne cuvec wc'' uuc''v een
|n tne /ccene tv'e. cut |t cce ncve tne nc|zcntc'
nc|ng. lct cc|. ncctn u|cce. cnc ccnc ct tne
entcnce.
/(l Mcce(ne cnc Sl(ecm|inec Mcce(n c(e
fc(m: cf lhe /(l Decc :ly|e. Ihe :ly|e i: mc(e
hc(izcnlc| lhcn /(l Decc cnc i: cefnec Ly
cu(vec wc||:. melc| winccw: {:cmelime:
in Lcnk: c( (iLLcn:). cnc hc(izcnlc| |ine:
c( Lcnc: mecnl lc :imu|cle lhe ci( :l(ecm
w(cppin c(cunc lhe Lui|cin. hence lhe
le(m:l(ecm|inec.Ihi:e|emenlwc:cpp|iec
lccc(:cncLccl:c:we||c:Lui|cin:.Civi|icn
excmp|e: c(e :een f(ecuenl|y cn c: :lclicn:.
cc( cec|e(:hip:. lhecle(:. cnc (e:icenlic|
c(chileclu(e. Mi|ilc(y excmp|e: inc|uce
ccmini:l(clicn.(e:icenlic|.cnc(elci|Lui|cin:.
cc.n|cu|'c|ng|!30}ctFct8cgg.NctnCcc'|nc.
||ntnetecn'|necnccentv'e.w|tncuvecwc''.
ccnkc|tee'w|nccw.cncnc|zcntc'nc|ng.
8cttcn.ne/cte|c'et|ng8u|'c|ng|!30}cttne
8cck'vn Ncvv Ycc. New Yck. | tvc|cc' c| tne At
/ccene tv'e w|tn |t cuvec wc'' cnc ccnc c|
w|nccw.
Art Moderne 120-145
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Hc(izcnlc|mc::in
F|cl(ccf
Cu(vecwc||:
Fece::ec|ine:c(Lcnc:
G|c:: L|cck
8cnc:c(Lcnk:cfwinccw:
Cc:emenlc(:lee|winccw:
International (Early) 125-148
cc. ne nenc-Ccn Hcue |!48} ct Fct 8e'vc|. V|g|n|c.
wc ce|gnec cv A'cet Kcnn cnc ue tne exce|nentc'
nenc-Ccn ncte|c'. wn|cn exccncec c |t cuec. ne
ncue|ce|gnec|ntne|ntenct|cnc'Stv'e.exn|c|teccvtne
lct cc| w|tn cvencng|ng ecve. ncctn wc'' u|cce. cnc
ccnt|'eveecccncc|e.
8cttcn.n|cuctect/ce|'cncNcvc'Sn|cvcc.Cc'||cn|c.
ncncnvc|tnecncccte|t|cc|NewFecec'|nw|tnncctn
wc''u|cce.cvencng|ngecve.cnc|cccnw|nccw.
Whi|e /me(iccn: we(e Lui|cin pe(icc hcu:e:
infuencec Ly c(chileclu(e cf lhe pc:l. Eu(cpecn
c(chilecl: |ike Le Cc(Lu:ie(. Wc|le( G(cpiu:. cnc
Mie: vcn ce( Fche we(e :l(elchin lhe |imil: cf
mcle(ic|: cnc lechnc|cy. ln 132. lhe Mu:eum cf
Mcce(n /(l in New Yc(k Cily cpenec c :hcw cc||ec
Mcce(n /(chileclu(e. /me(iccn c(chilecl Fhi||ip
Jchn:cn c(cnizec lhe exhiLil. which :hcwec :imi|c(
wc(k: f(cm c(chilecl: in ffleen ccunl(ie:. c|c::ifec
c:lhelnle(nclicnc| Sly|e." Ihe :ly|e expe(imenlec
wilh lhe u:e cf mcle(ic|: c: :l(uclu(c| :y:lem: cnc
lhe p(emi:e lhcl |e:: i: mc(e. lnle(nclicnc| Sly|e
c(chileclu(elu(neccwcyf(cmhi:lc(icc|(efe(ence:
cncc(ncmenl.Slee|.ccnc(ele.cnc|c::we(elhe
Lui|cin mcle(ic|: u:ec mc:l cflen. Ihe(e c(e few
excmp|e: cf Ec(|y lnle(nclicnc| cn mi|ilc(y in:lc||c-
licn:.
Accve. ne tnecte |!42} ct /ce
|'cnc Ncvc' Sn|cvcc | c gccc
excnc'e c| tne |ntenct|cnc' Stv'e.
tne lct cc|. ncctn wc'' u|cce.
ccnt|'eveecccnccvcncccencec|
ccen|ng ne'c ce|ne tne tv'e.
Le|t. A cunc'cve Hcue |!4}
ct Yunc Fcv|ng Gcunc. A|zcnc.
ce|gnec cv F.G. Lecunecu tc |cn
cccncetencue|ncneccv.
F|gnt. ne /c cwe |!43} ct Fct
/cnce. V|g|n|c. | |nluencec cv tne
|ntenct|cnc'Stv'e.ev|centcvtneuec|
ncctn wc'' ncte|c'. c|c' tc|cce.
|nc'ec|cec|'|ng.ccnt|'eveecceck.
cnc|cccnw|nccw.
International (Early) 125-148
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
F|cl(ccf
Cve(hcninecve:
Ccnli|eve(:
Smcclhwc||:u(fcce
Lcckcfc(ncmenl
FiLLcncfwinccw:
Cc:emenlwinccw:
Lcckcfwinccw:
World War II 13-145
8y 13. mc:l cf lhe Wc(|c Wc( l ccnlcnmenl:
hcc Leen eilhe( ci:mcnl|ec c( l(cn:fc(mec inlc
pe(mcnenl in:lc||clicn:. Seve(c| Wc(|c Wc( l
lempc(c(y:lcncc(cizecp|cn:hccLeenupcclec
lc c new 700-:e(ie: Ly 128. Lul |ill|e mc(e wc:
ccneunli|135.lnlhclyec(.lheChiefcfSlcffcflhe
Ccn:l(uclicnDivi:icncflheCuc(le(mc:le(Cc(p:
c(ce(ec c ccmp|ele (evi:icn cnc ccmp|elicn
cf lhe 700-:e(ie: p|cn:. which wc: :uL:ecuenl|y
ccmp|elec in 137. Simi|c( lc lhe Wc(|c Wc( l
lempc(c(y Lui|cin:. lhe 700-:e(ie: ccn:i:lec cf
Lc((cck:.hecccuc(le(:.(eimenlc|hecccuc(le(:.
wc(ehcu:e:. (ec(eclicn Lui|cin:. ccy (ccm:.
me:: hc||:. hc:pilc|:. lhecle(:. cnc chcpe|:. Ihe
700-:e(ie: Lui|cin: we(e ccn:l(uclec cf wccc
{:cmelime: cul cf L(ick c( ccnc(ele L|cck).
p(imc(i|y wilh c(cp-|cp :icin. :ix-cve(-:ix ccuL|e-
hun winccw:. cnc c:phc|l (ccf:. Ihe 800-:e(ie:
lhcl fc||cwec upcclec :eve(c| cf lhe Lui|cin
p|cn: wilh :l(cne( :l(uclu(e. inc(ec:ec |ivcL|e
:pcce. cnc (emcvc| cf unnece::c(y e|emenl:.
:uchc:lheccucmecic.lhe(ccfwhichccnlinue:
c(cunc c|| fcu( :ice: ju:l cLcve lhe (cunc :lc(y
winccw:.Ihe:e:lcncc(cizecLui|cin:e(ie:we(e
wice|y u:ec c: lhe /(my expcncec f(cm 200.000
:c|cie(: in 13 lc cve( 5 mi||icn Ly 142. cue lc
mcLi|izclicn fc( Wc(|c Wc( ll.
cc. 00-e|e cccck |!4!} ct Fct Lecncc Wccc. /|cu|. nc
tne un|cue ccuc nec|c cetween tne twc lcc cnc c ccnccvcve
tne eccnc-lcc w|nccw.
8cttcn.00-e|enenc''|!4!}ctFctLecnccWccc.
World War II 13-145
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
/:phc|l (ccfn
F|u:hecve:
/cucmecic
D(cp-|cp:icin
Wcle( lcL|e
Ski(lin
/winccw:
cc.neccucnec|ccncccnccvcvetneeccnc-
lcc w|nccw wee ccccec |cn tne ce|gn c| tne
800-e|ecccck|!42}ctFct/cCcv.W|ccn|n.
8cttcn. Detc|' c| wcte tcc'e cnc k|t|ng cn c
00-e|e cccck |!4!} ct Fct Lecncc Wccc.
/|cu|.
Minimal Traditional 135-155
cc./|n|nc'cc|t|cnc'tv'e||''utctec|ntn|en|c
c||ce' cucte |!4!} ct Ncvc' A| Stct|cn Cccu
Cn|t|.exc.
8cttcn. /|n|nc' cc|t|cnc' tv'e wc uec |c nct
c| tne Wnev Hcu|ng c| tne !40 cnc !50 c
|''utctec|ntn|ncuectFct8cgg.NctnCcc'|nc.
Minimc| I(ccilicnc| :ly|e cccu(cle|y (efecl: il:
limeinhi:lc(y.Ihe:ly|ecc((ie:c(chileclu(c|
infuence: f(cm lhe ec(|ie( pe(icc (evivc|:.
e:pecic||y lhe Iucc( Fevivc|. cn|y :cc|ec
Lcck wilh fewe( c(ncmenlc| celci|:. Fc(
in:lcnce. mcny excmp|e: hcve lhe cL|e
f(cnl. |ike lhe Iucc( Fevivc|. cn|y :cc|ec
Lcck wilhcul lhe :leepne::. Ihi: :ly|e wc:
u:eccn|yfc((e:icenlic|ce:inincivi|icncnc
mi|ilc(yLui|cin:.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Fe:l(cinecl(ccilicnc|celci|:
Hc(izcnlc|mc::in
DcmincnlcL|ef(cnl
GcL|e (ccf. hip(ccf.c(hipcc(me(
DcuL|e-hunwinccw:
Sin|e.pci(ec.c(l(ip|ewinccw:
Ranch 135-175
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Hc(izcnlc|mc::in
GcL|e (ccf c( hip(ccf
Mcce(cle(ccfcve(hcn
Hipcc(me(:
Encecc(cecnccc(pc(l
8cnc:cfwinccw:
Ficlu(ewinccw:
1/1c(2/2hc(izcnlc|winccw:
Le|t. cc cnc 8cttcn. /cnv c| tne
Cccenct-Wnev-tv'e ncue cu|'t ct Fct
Gcccn. Gecg|c. |n tne !0 wee |n tne
Fcncntv'e.
F|gnt.2/2nc|zcntc'w|nccw.
Fcnch:ly|ec(iinclecinCc|ifc(nicinlhe130:
cncLeccmelheccmincnl(e:icenlic|:ly|ein
lhe ccunl(y cu(in lhe 150: cnc 10:. Ihe
mcjc(ciffe(enceLelweenFcnchcncMinimc|
I(ccilicnc|i:lhe(ccfcve(hcn.Fcnch:ly|ei:
lypicc||y c (cmL|in cne-:lc(y fc(m wilh |cw
(ccf cnc encec cc(pc(l c( c(ce. Like
Minimc|I(ccilicnc|.lheFcnch:ly|ewc:u:ec
cn|yfc((e:icenlic|ce:inincivi|icncncmi|ilc(y
excmp|e:.
International (Late) 14-15
Ihe f(:l lnle(nclicnc| ExhiLilicn cf Mcce(n
/(chileclu(e {132) cl lhe Mu:eum cf
Mcce(n /(l in New Yc(k Cily ccinec lhe le(m
lnle(nclicnc| Sly|e. Ihe fccu: cf lhe :ly|e i:
cn lhe exp(e::icn cf vc|ume (clhe( lhcn cn
mc::. emphc:i: cn Lc|cnce (clhe( lhcn cn
p(eccnceivec :ymmel(y. cnc lhe expu|:icn
cf cpp|iec c(ncmenl. Ihe u:e cf |c:: cnc
lhe |c:: cu(lcin wc|| Leccme inc(ec:in|y
pcpu|c(.lnDcD.lhemcce(nmcvemenlcnc
lhe cccplclicn cf lhe lnle(nclicnc| Sly|e lc il
wc: exemp|ifec cl lhe U.S. /i( Fc(ce /cccemy.
Ihe p(c|ifc cnc infuenlic| c(chileclu(e f(m
cf Skicmc(e. Cwin:. cnc Me((i|| {SCM) we(e
ccmmi::icnec lc ccmp|ele lhe wc(k cl lhe
/cccemy. Ihe f(m :ucce::fu||y mc((iec c ve(y
mcce(nccmpu:lclhe(uec|cnc:ccpecf
lhe Cc|c(ccc Fcckie:. /|lhcuh cn exl(eme|y
pcpu|c( :ly|e in lhe civi|icn wc(|c. cul:ice cf
lhe U.S. /i( Fc(ce /cccemy. lhe(e c(e ve(y
few excmp|e: cf lhe lnle(nclicnc|Sly|einlhe
mi|ilc(y.
cc.ne|ntenct|cnc'vccccu'cvc|S|cnHc''|!8}ct
tneU.S.A|FcceAcccenv.Cc'cccc.|cuxtccc|t|cn.
c we'' c c c'enc|ng. w|tn tne ucunc|ng Fcckv
/cuntc|nc|Cc'ccccSc|ng.
8cttcn. Gunne' /cte Sev|ce Scncc' |!53}.
ce|gnec cv W|''|cn F|et'ev cnc 8uce Gcncn c|
SC/.cttneGectLckeNcvc'c|n|ngCente.|''|nc|.
ne ccn|n|tct|cn cu|'c|ng |tcc. !5} cnc tne Hect F'cnt |ccttcn 'e|t.
!58} ct tne U.S. A| Fcce Acccenv |''utcte c'' c| tne cncccte-ce|n|ng
|ectuec|tne|ntenct|cnc' Stv'e. ne c||ce' cucte ct Fct Huccnucc.
A|zcnc|ccttcn|gnt.!58}|ce|cent|c'excnc'e.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
8cx-:hcpec
F|cl(ccf
Sl(uclu(ei:lhec(ncmenl
Expc:ec:l(uclu(c|:y:lem:
Ccnli|eve(:
Smcclhwc||:
G|c:: cu(lcin wc||:
Melc|winccw:
International (Late) 14-15
Mid-Century Modern 150-175
IheMic-Cenlu(yMcce(ni:mmcvemenlwc:
evicenllh(cuhcullheccunl(y.e:pecic||y
in lhe |c(e( cilie: cf Chiccc. New Yc(k.
cnc Wc:hinlcn. D.C. Ihi: mcvemenl c|:c
ccplu(ec lhe imcinclicn cf |ccc| cnc
(eicnc| c(chilecl:. whc inle(p(elec il in
:mc||e( cilie: cnc lcwn:. Ihe Mic-Cenlu(y
Mcce(n :ly|e expe(imenlec wilh ciffe(enl
fc(m:. e:pecic||y (ccf fc(m:. Ihe:e fc(m:
c(e cu(vec. :|cnlec. ciccnc|. c( fc|cec
cnc c(e lypicc||y execulec in ccnc(ele c(
melc|. Ccnc(ele L|cck :c(een: c( melc|
:c(een: we(e c|:c u:ec c: cecc(clicn in
ccmLinclicnwilhlheccnc(ele.:lee|.cnc
|c:: Lui|cin:. Ihe mi|ilc(y imp|emenlec
lhe:ly|ec:mc(ecncmc(eLui|cin:we(e
ce:inecLynclicnc||yc((eicnc||y-kncwn
c(chilecl:.
cc. ne Cncce' |!2} ct tne U.S. A| Fcce
Acccenv.Cc'cccc.|ccn|ceeccnctec|ece
c|/|c-Centuv/ccenccn|tectue.
8cttcn. wc excnc'e c| /|c-Centuv /ccen
entcnceccncc|e.
Mid-Century Modern 150-175
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
F|cl.py(cmicc|.mu|lip|eLc((e|.
c(:pi(e(ccf
Sl(uclu(ei:lhec(ncmenl
Expc:ec:l(uclu(c|:y:lem:
Fcunc.fc|cec.inve(lec
ccnc(elefc(m:
G|c:: cu(lcin wc||:
8cttcn Le|t. ne cncce'
|!5} ct /c|ne Ccc A|
Stct|cn/|cnc.Cc'||cn|c.|
ccc|cccnceteccx.cut|t
g'c cnc |nvetec ccncete
|cccce ccnt|nue |ntc tne
|nte|cc|tnencve.
8cttcn F|gnt. ne ce|gn c|
tnecncce'ctJc|nt8ce/ve-
Hencecn Hc''. V|g|n|c. nc
c ncc||ec cvcn|cc' cc|
cnc. w|tn |t g'czec ecve.
c''cw uctcnt|c' '|gnt |ntc
tnecnctucv.
ne Jew|n Cncce' |!5} ct Ncvc' Stct|cn Fec' Hccc.
Hcwc||.|nc'enentcccncetecccce|ntne/|c-Centuv
/ccenvccccu'cvtcccc|nteetcnc|unct|cn.
New Formalism 15-175
Accve.nevnnetv.cc'unn.cncc'ecn'|nec|tneL|ccv|!}ct
FctGcccn.Gecg|c.cetvc|cc'c|NewFcnc'|n.
8cttcn.Le|tcncF|gnt.S|gnc'CccHecccucte|!0}ctFctGcccn.
Fc(mc|i:m. :cmelime: cc||ec Nec-Fc(mc|i:m
c( New Fc(mc|i:m. wc: c mcce(n view cn
lhe fc(mc| icec|: cf l(ccilicnc| c(chileclu(e.
Symmel(icc| mc::in. mcnumenlc| fu||-heihl
pc(che:.c(enl(ie:wilhcc|umn:c(eupcclec
wilh c|ecn |ine: cnc (e:l(cinec cf cny c(nc-
menl.Fci(ecwilhhih-cuc|ilymcle(ic|:.:uch
c:mc(L|ecnc:lcne.lhi:wc:cpcpu|c(:ly|ecl
mic-cenlu(yfc(Lcnk:cncmunicipc|Lui|cin:.
/: wilh lhe Mic-Cenlu(y Mcce(n. lhe mi|ilc(y
imp|emenleclhi::ly|ewilhLui|cin:ce:inec
Lynclicnc||ycnc(eicnc||ykncwnc(chilecl:.
Mi|ilc(y Lui|cin: lhcl uli|izec New Fc(mc|i:m
we(e lypicc||y lhe mc(e puL|ic Lui|cin: |ike
hecccuc(le(:. pc:l exchcne:. ccmmi::c(ie:.
|iL(c(ie:.cncc|uL:.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Symmel(icc|mc::in
Hih-cuc|ilymcle(ic|:
F|cl(ccf:
Wice. cve(hcnin ecve:
Smcclhwc||:u(fcce
Encecpc(che:
Cc|umn:
Expressionism 15-175
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Unifc(milycf:c|ic:cncvcic:
U:e cf cu(vec (ccfine: &wc||:u(fcce:
Fccelec:u(fcce:
/(che:cncvcu|l:cllheLc:e
8cttcn.neNcvc'Hec'tnC'|n|c|!3}ctCnc'etcn.Scutn
Ccc'|nc. | c ccnc|nct|cn c| |nluence. tne cccv c| tne
cu|'c|ng|Fxce|cn|t.wn|'e|t|tcnc8utc'|tcce.
cc. ne un||cn|tv c| c'|c cnc vc|c c ncwn |n tne
egu'c ccncete ccv c| tne Acn|n|tct|cn 8u|'c|ng |ec'v
!0}ctCnc'etcnNcvvYcc.ScutnCcc'|nc.|tvc|cc'c|
Fxce|cn|n.
Exp(e::icni:m. |ike mcny c(chileclu(c| infuence:. wc:
pcpu|c(izec in Eu(cpe. ll wc: cefnec Ly :weepin
cnccu(vinccnc(elefc(m:.lnlhi:ccunl(y.lhe:ly|e
i: i||u:l(clec in hih-p(cf|e Lui|cin: |ike lhe IW/
le(minc| cl JFK /i(pc(l in New Yc(k. Ihe cve(nmenl
inle(p(elclicn cf lhe :ly|e i: much mc(e (e:l(cinec.
ScmeLui|cin:cc:hcwcc:elhe:weepincu(vec
fc(m:. u:uc||y in lhe (ccfine. Lul mc:l mcinlcin
c ccn:e(vclive Lc|cnce cf :ymmel(icc| u:e cf
ccnc(ele. :lee|. cnc |c:: lc cefne lhe :ly|e.
Brutalism 15-180
cc. 8cttcn Le|t cnc F|gnt. 8u|'c|ng 2 |!}
ct tne Wc'te Feec Anv /ec|cc' Cente wc
ce|gnec|ntne8utc'|tgene.Nctetnewe|gntv
ccnceteuccetc|ecce|u''vc'cceccntne
g'c cnc c|e |cuncct|cn c| tne |t lcc.
8(ulc|i:m infuence wc: ccnceivec in
En|cnc. Lul Leccme pcpu|c( in lhi:
ccunl(y c: c cepc(lu(e f(cm lhe :lee|
cnc |c:: cf lhe 150: lnle(nclicnc|
Sly|e. /(chilecl: emp|cyec hecvy cnc
lexlu(ec ccnc(ele fc(m: cnc :l(uclu(e:
lc c(ecle c fc(m cf c(chileclu(e lhcl i:
cflenviewecLylhepuL|icc:cpp(e::ive.
8(ulc|i:m mcy ncl Le cpp(eciclec
Ly lhe puL|ic. Lul il i: c unicue cnc
cflen (cunc-L(eckin ccmLinclicn cf
eninee(incncc(chileclu(e.
'HQLQJ)HDWXUHV
Mc::ivecppec(cnce
Unwe|ccminenl(cnce
F|cl(ccf
Expc:ec ccnc(ele wc||:
Fece::ecwinccw:
cc. n| Kcecn-ec cccck wc cu|'t c| ccncete cnc tee'
cnc wc kncwn c tne Hcnnenecc cccck. ceccue |n
c'cncnc|cntnec|.|teenc'ecncnne.
8cttcn.n|cccckctFctLecnccWccc./|cu|.wccu|'t|n
tne!0.|nc'ucec|ntneCc'cWcUFH.tn|cu|'c|ngtvcewc
kncwnctneFc''|ngF|n.wn|cn|wncttne|cneenc'ec|n
c'cncnc|cntnec|.
Architecture in DoD since Mid-Century
lnlhe150:.10:.cnc170:.lhemcjc(ilycfLui|cin:
cnDcDln:lc||clicn:we(e:li||Leinccn:l(uclecwilh
:lcncc(cizec p|cn:. Du(in lhe:e ceccce:. whc|e
Lc((cck: ccmp|exe: we(e p|cnnec cnc ce:inec
u:in :lcncc(c p|cn:. Iypicc| Lc((cck: ccmmunilie:
inc|ucec lhe Lc((cck: Lui|cin: c( unccccmpcniec
pe(:cnne|hcu:in{UFH).me::hc||:c(cininfcci|ilie:.
ccmpcny c( unil hecccuc(le(:. :upp|y c(ec:. cnc
mclc( pcc|:. ln-ceplh hi:lc(ie: cLcul lhe:e ccmp|exe:
c(e inc|ucec in lhe Unccccnccn|ec Fecnne'
Hcu|ng |UFH} Du|ng tne Cc'c Wc |!4-!8}.
p(epc(ec Ly F. Ch(i:lcphe( Gcccwin & /::ccicle: fc(
lheU.S./(myEnvi(cnmenlc|Cenle(.DecemLe(2003.
cnc A| Fcce cnc Ncvv Unccccnccn|ec Fecnne'
Hcu|ng |UFH} Du|ng tne Cc'c Wc Fc |!4-!8}.
p(epc(ec Ly F. Ch(i:lcphe( Gcccwin & /::ccicle: fc(
N/VF/C cnc lhe Unilec Slcle: /i( Fc(ce Cenle( fc(
Envi(cnmenlc| Exce||ence.
/|:c Lelween lhe ccnc|u:icn cf Wc(|c Wc( ll cnc
lhe 10:. fcmi|y hcu:in wc: p(ivclizec cnc wc:
ceve|cpec unce( lhe Whe((y /cl cnc Ccpehc(l /cl.
Whe((y hcu:in fc||cwec lhe Minimc| I(ccilicnc| :ly|e.
whi|e Ccpehc(l hcu:in (cnec f(cm Fcnch-:ly|e
cup|exe: lc lwc-:lc(y cpc(lmenl-|ike Lui|cin:. / fu||
hi:lc(ycflhi:hcu:ini:cvci|cL|einFcWcntc|Hcne.
A H|tc|c Ccntext |c Wnev cnc Cccenct /|'|tcv
Fcn|'v Hcu|ng. p(epc(ec Ly V.J. Iemme in 18 fc(
lhe U.S. /(my Envi(cnmenlc| Cenle(. cnc Hcu|ng
cnA|FccecnccNcvv.neWnevcncCccenct
Sc'ut|cn tc tne Fctwc Fcn|'v Hcu|ng Snctcge
|!4-!2}. p(epc(ec Ly F. Ch(i:lcphe( Gcccwin &
/::ccicle:fc(lhe/i(Fc(cecncNcvyinJune2007.
Whi|e :lcncc(cizec p|cn: we(e lhe nc(m cu(in
lhi: pe(icc. mcny hih-p(cf|e Lui|cin:. :uch c:
hecccuc(le(:. cffce(: c|uL:. cnc :chcc|: we(e
ce:inec Ly nclicnc||y. (eicnc||y. c( |ccc||y-kncwn
c(chilecl:. Ihe:e c(chilecl: we(e kncw|ececL|e
cLcul cu((enl infuence: cnc excilec lc |ecve c |c:lin
mc(k cn lhe e(c: mi|ilc(y in:lc||clicn:. Feicnc||y c(
|ccc||y-:inifccnl c(chilecl: hcve ccnl(iLulec lc lhe
c(chileclu(ecfDcD./lFc(l8(cinNc(lhCc(c|inc.
fc( excmp|e. (eicnc| c(chilecl: c( |ccc| c(chilecl:
ce:inec :eve(c| :chcc|:. c fe|c hcu:e. lhe U.S. /(my
Jchn F. Kennecy Specic| Wc(fc(e Cenle( cnc Schcc|.
cnc c Ncn-Ccmmi::icnec Cffce(: C|uL. Ihe:e
Lui|cin: we(e ce:inec wilhin cu((enl c(chileclu(c|
l(enc:Lulwe(eincivicuc|izecLylhece:ine(.Ihe:e
cc.n|ce|c'c|FctKncx.Kentuckv.|''utctetneccntuct|cn
c|tne!0-ecFc''|ngF|n8ccck.
8cttcn. A Cccenct-ec cucte |!2} ct Fct Huccnucc.
A|zcnc.
c(e ju:l c few excmp|e: cl cne in:lc||clicn cf (eicnc|
cnc|ccc|c(chilecl:cLlcinin|c(eccmmi::icn:fc(
DcDce:inp(cjecl:.
Ihe 180: cnc ec(|y 10: :cw cn|y cne new /(my
ccnlcnmenl ccn:l(uclec cl Fc(l D(um. New Yc(k.
Smc|| Lc:e p|cnnin cnc ceve|cpmenl cic c cn
Lul cl c |imilec pcce cnc ce(lcin|y ncl cl lhe (cle
cf lhe mic-cenlu(y ceccce:. Du(in lhe mic lc
|cle 10:. c new ccmmilmenl lc lhe l(ccp: wc:
(ec|izec. 8c((cck: mcce(nizclicn p(cjecl: Lecn
eilhe( (encvclin exi:lin Lui|cin: c( cemc|i:hin
exi:lin cnc ccn:l(uclin new cne:. Ihe:e p|cn: fc(
Lc((cck: ccmmunilie: in:lilulec c ccmpu: fee| cn
mcny in:lc||clicn:. incc(pc(clin cpen fe|c c(ec:
cnccininfcci|ilie:wilhinlheLc((cck:ccmpcunc:.
ln lhe f(:l ceccce cf lhe 21:l cenlu(y. lhe mi|ilc(y
cccplec:eve(c|l(enc:u:ecinlhecivi|icnccn:l(uclicn
wc(|c. inc|ucin lhe ce:in-Lui|c p(cce:: cnc
8ui|cinlnfc(mclicnMcce|in{8lM).Ihece:in-Lui|c
p(cce:: wc: in:lilulec lc ccc(e:: lhe |c(e vc|ume
cf p|cnnec wc(k whi|e e|iminclin cc:l cve((un:. Nc
|cne(we(e:lcncc(cizecp|cn:cccpleclcciven
in:lc||clicn. Slcncc(cizec p|cn: c(e cn|y u:ec c: c
uiceinlhi:p(cce::.Ihemi|ilc(y:el:lhefunclicnc|
(ecui(emenl:fc(civenLui|cinlype|ikeLc((cck:c(
me:: hc||: cnc cefne: ce(lcin mec:u(cL|e pc(cmele(:
:uchc::cuc(efcclce.heihl.cncmcle(ic|:.Lulil
i: up lc lhe ce:in-Lui|c ccnl(cclc( lc ce:in wilhin
8ctn cu|'c|ng cccve wee ce|gnec u|ng 8|/ tecnnc'cgv cnc
c|nc|c'e.NASJF8NewC'ecn.Lcu||cnc.|tcc}cnccence|ng
c|tneLcu|v|''eAnvFeeve8u|'c|ng.Kentuckv|ccttcn}.
lhe pc(cmele(:. ln lhe:e cc:e:. lhe ce:ine( i: c|:c
lheLui|ce(.8lMi:cnccvcncecccmpule(mcce|in
p(c(cm fc( whc|e Lui|cin ce:in-p|cnnin.
ccn:l(uclin.cnccpe(clincfcci|ilylh(cuhlheu:e
cfcciilc|(ep(e:enlclicn.
Since 2001. :eve(c| evenl: hcve mc|cec mi|ilc(y
ccn:l(uclicncncwi||:hcpelhefulu(ecfc(chileclu(e.
Iheu:ecf8lMcncmccu|c(ce:incncmcle(ic|:wi||
infuence c(chileclu(c| :ly|e cf lhe p(e:enl cnc fulu(e.
I(ccilicnc|c(chileclu(c|celci|:.:uchc:cc(nice:.wi||
ive wcy lc celci|: ccc(e::in :u:lcincL|e feclu(e:.
:uch c: :un :hccin. Whc|e-wc|| pcne|: cf lhin L(ick.
in:u|clecccnc(elec(clhe(|ihl-weihlmcle(ic|:wi||
Leu:ec(clhe(lhcnhcvinmc:cn:Lui|clheccu(:e:
c(pcu(ccnc(elecn:ile.Secu(ilycncfc(cep(cleclicn
hc:Leccmecmcjc(ccn:ice(clicnfc(Lc:ep|cnnin
:ince SeplemLe( 11. 2001. F|cnne(: cnc c(chilecl:
mu:l ccn:ice( hc(cenin Lui|cin: cnc e|iminclin
cppc(lunilie:fc(ci:c:le(whence:ininLui|cin:.ln
(ecenlyec(:.lhemcvemenllcwc(c:(ecle(ene(y-
effciency hc: p|cyec c |c(e pc(l in Lui|cin ce:in
c:we||.Su:lcincL|ep(c(cm:.:uchc:Lecce(:hipin
Ene(y&Envi(cnmenlc|De:in{LEED):lcncc(c:.cn
inle(nclicnc||y-(eccnizec (een Lui|cin ce(lifcclicn
:y:lem ceve|cpec Ly lhe U.S. G(een 8ui|cin Ccunci|.
hcve Leen imp|emenlec. c|cn wilh lhe mi|ilc(y:
ccmmilmenl lc inc(ec:e ene(y-effciency. Ihe:e
mec:u(e:.ccmLinecwilhmccu|c(ccn:l(uclicncnc
:ecu(ily (ecui(emenl:. :hcpe lhe c(chileclu(e cf
/ccu'cccntuct|cn.enegv.cncecu|tvecu|enentwee
c''|nc'enentec|ntnece|gncncccntuct|cnc|/cnc''Hc''
cnFct8cgg.NctnCcc'|nc.ccnc'etec|n20!!.
lcccy. Ihc:e fcclc(: wi|| c|:c infuence u: c: we c::e::
lhe :inifccnce cf lhe:e Lui|cin: wilhin lcccy:
ccnlexl. ffly yec(: f(cm ncw.
Bibliography
Blumenson, J. J.-G. |cent||v|ng Ane|ccn Acn|tectue. A
F|ctc|c' Gu|ce tc Stv'e cnc en. !00-!45. New Yc(k. NY:
W.W. Nc(lcn & Ccmpcny. 177.
Bruegmann, R. {Ec.). /ccen|n ct /|c-Centuv. ne
Acn|tectuec|tneUn|tecStcteA|FcceAcccenv.Chiccc.
lL:IheUnive(:ilycfChicccF(e::.14.
Carley, R. ne V|uc' D|ct|cncv c| Ane|ccn Dcnet|c
Acn|tectue. New Yc(k. NY: Hen(y Hc|l cnc Ccmpcny. 14.
Cragoe, C. D. Hcw tc Fecc 8u|'c|ng. A Ccn Ccue |n
Acn|tectuc' Stv'e. New Yc(k. NY: Fizzc|i lnle(nclicnc|
FuL|icclicn:.lnc..2008.
Goodwin, R. C., Cannon, D. K., Hirrel, L., Grandine, K. E., Kuranda,
K. M., Usher, B. M., McAloon, H. B., & Williams, M. R. Nct|cnc'
H|tc|cCcntext|cDecctnentc|De|ene|ntc''ct|cn.!0-
!40. F(ece(ick. MD: F. Ch(i:lcphe( Gcccwin & /::ccicle:. lnc..
15.
Grashof, B. C. A Stucv c| Un|tec Stcte Anv Fcn|'v Hcu|ng
Stcnccc|zec F'cn. /l|cnlc. G/: Cenle( fc( /(chileclu(c|
Ccn:e(vclicn. Cc||ee cf /(chileclu(e. Gec(ic ln:lilule cf
Iechnc|cy.18.
Harris, C. M.{Ec.).|''utctecD|ct|cncvc|H|tc|cAcn|tectue.
New Yc(k. NY: Dcve( FuL|icclicn:. lnc.. 183.
Kuranda, K. M., Doerrfeld, D. A., Heidenrich, C., & Gatewood, R.
A|FccecncNcvvUnccccnccn|ecFecnne'Hcu|ngDu|ng
tne Cc'c Wc Fc |!4-!8}. F(ece(ick. MD: F. Ch(i:lcphe(
Gcccwin & /::ccicle:. lnc.. 2011.
Kuranda, K. M., Grandine, K., Cleven, B., Davis, T. W., & Patch,
N. H|tc|c Ccntext |c Anv F|xec-W|ng A||e'c !03-!8.
F(ece(ick. MD: F. Ch(i:lcphe( Gcccwin & /::ccicle:. lnc.. 2002.
Kuranda, K. M., Cleven, B., Patch, N., Grandine, K., & Heidenrich,
C. Unccccnccn|ec Fecnne' Hcu|ng |UFH} Du|ng tne Cc'c
Wc |!4-!8}. F(ece(ick. MD: F. Ch(i:lcphe( Gcccwin &
/::ccicle:.lnc..2003.
Loechl, S. K., Enscore, S. I., and Tooker, M. W. Gu|ce'|ne
|c |cent||v|ng cnc Fvc'uct|ng H|tc|c /|'|tcv Lcncccce.
Chcmpcin.lL:Eninee(Fe:ec(chcncDeve|cpmenlCenle(.
200.
McAlester, V. and L. A F|e'c Gu|ce tc Ane|ccn Hcue. New
Yc(k. NY: /|f(ec /. Kncpf. 188.
McAlester, V. and L. Gect Ane|ccn Hcue cnc tne|
Acn|tectuc'Stv'e. New Yc(k. NY: /LLevi||e F(e::. 14.
McDonald, H. L. and Michael, M. A. De|gn Gu|ce'|ne |c
Decctnent c| De|ene H|tc|c 8u|'c|ng cnc D|t|ct.
Wc:hinlcn. D.C.: DcD Leccy Fe:cu(ce Mcncemenl
F(c(cm.2008.
National Park Service.Nct|cnc'Feg|te8u''et|n!5.HcwtcAc-
c'v tne Nct|cnc' Feg|te C|te|c |c Fvc'uct|cn. Wc:hinlcn.
D.C.:Nclicnc|Fc(kSe(vice.10./vci|cL|eclhllp://www.np:.
cv/n(/puL|icclicn:/Lu||elin:/pcf:/n(L15.pcf.
Nelson, L. H. Feevct|cn 8|e| !. Acn|tectuc' Cncccte -
|cent||v|ngtneV|uc'Acectc|H|tc|c8u|'c|ngccnA|ctc
Feev|ng ne| Cncccte. Wc:hinlcn. D.C.: Nclicnc| Fc(k
Se(vice.188.
Poppeliers, J. C. and Chambers, S. A. Jr. Wnct Stv'e | |t
HcLcken. NJ: Jchn Wi|ey & Scn:. 2003.
Rifkind, C.AF|e'cGu|cetcAne|ccnAcn|tectue. New Yc(k.
NY: Fenuin 8cck:. 180.
Robinson, J. H. and Foell, S. S.Gcwtn. F||c|encv. cnc /ccen|n.
GSA8u|'c|ngc|tne!50.0.cnc0. U.S. Gene(c| Se(vice:
/cmini:l(clicn. Cffce cf lhe Chief /(chilecl. Cenle( fc( Hi:lc(ic
8ui|cin:.2003.
Smith, A., Stone, S., Tooker, M. W., & McAllister, B. /|'|tcv
Cncce' H|tc|c Ccntext. Chcmpcin. lL: Eninee( Fe:ec(ch
cncDeve|cpmenlCenle(.2008.
Smith, A., Stone, S., Tooker, M. W., & McAllister, B. /|'|tcv
necte H|tc|c Ccntext. Chcmpcin. lL: Eninee( Fe:ec(ch
cncDeve|cpmenlCenle(.2008.
Temme, V. J.FcWcntc|Hcne.AH|tc|cCcntext|cWnev
cnc Cccenct /|'|tcv Fcn|'v Hcu|ng. p(epc(ec fc( lhe U.S.
/(myEnvi(cnmenlc|Cenle(.18.
Trachtenberg, M. and Hyman, I.Acn|tectue|cnFen|tcvtc
Fct-/ccen|n/neWetencc|t|cn.IheNelhe(|cnc::Hen(y
N./L(cm:.18.
Venzon, A. C. and Miles, P. L.neUn|tecStcte|ntneF|tWc'c
Wc.AnFncvc'ccec|c. New Yc(k. NY: Gc(|cnc FuL|i:hin. lnc..
15.
Wasch, D. S., Bush, P., Landreth, K., & Glass, J.Wc'cWc||cnc
tne U.S. Anv /cc|'|zct|cn Fcgcn. A H|tcv c| 00 cnc 800
Se|eCcntcnnentCcntuct|cn. Wc:hinlcn. DC: DcD Leccy
Fe:cu(ceMcncemenlF(c(cm.11.
Whelan, D. C., Hirrel, L., Dod, W. T., Tucker, J. H., & Grandine, K.
H|tc|c Ccntext |c Decctnent c| De|ene. WW|| Fencnent
Ccntuct|cn. F(ece(ick. MD: F. Ch(i:lcphe( Gcccwin &
/::ccicle:.lnc..17.
Bibliography cont.
Photo Credits
/||phclc:ccnlcinecinlhe:ly|eLcckwe(elckenLyMiche||e
Michce|.Heclhe(McDcnc|c.c(/ccmSmilhun|e::|i:lecLe|cw
wilhcpp(cp(iclec(ecil.
Page 9, 8cllcmFihl:Fhclcu:ecwilhpe(mi::icnf(cm8(ecnccn
Mcckie cl fick(.ccm.
Page 22.LiL(c(ycfCcn(e::H/8SFL/.17-FENS/.1-.
Page 24. /Lcve: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG2-F-1
8cx 4.
Page 24. Icp Fihl: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG71-C/
8cx 51.
Page 25. 8cllcm: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG71-C/
8cx 38.
Page 26. Icp: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG15-C vc|.
23.
Page 26. 8cllcm Lefl: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k
FG15-C-181.
Page 26. 8cllcm Fihl: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG
15-Cvc|.23.
Page 27. Icp: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG 15-C vc|.
1.
Page 27. 8cllcm Lefl: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG
15-Cvc|.27.
Page 27. 8cllcm Fihl: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG
15-Cvc|.1.
Page 45. Fc(l McFhe(:cn. G/ CFMF.
Page 48. Icp: LiL(c(y cf Ccn(e:: F/N US MlLlI/FY - /(my nc.
1{F:ize){F&F].
Page 48. 8cllcm: LiL(c(y cf Ccn(e:: F/N US MlLlI/FY - Ccmp:
nc.{F:ize){F&F].
Page 49. Icp: LiL(c(y cf Ccn(e:: F/N US MlLlI/FY - Ccmp: nc.
58{F:ize){F&F].
Page 49. 8cllcm Lefl: LiL(c(y cf Ccn(e:: F/N US MlLlI/FY -
Ccmp:nc.128{E:ize){F&F].
Page 49. 8cllcm Fihl: LiL(c(y cf Ccn(e:: F/N US MlLlI/FY -
Ccmp:nc.78{E:ize){F&F].
Page 51.Fc(l8ennin./LCFMF.
Page 63.IcpFihl:U.S./(myFhclcLyLc((ySleven:.FCFSCCM
FuL|ic/ffci(:.
Page 63.8cllcmFihl:Fhclcu:ecwilhpe(mi::icnf(cmJc:eph
Hcffheime( cl fick(.ccm.
Page 65.8cllcmLefl:MeMcDcnc|c{Envi(cnmenlc|Science:
Divi:icn. U.S. /(my Gc((i:cn. Yumc F(cvin G(cunc).
Page 67. Icp: LiL(c(y cf Ccn(e:: H/8S WlS.41-SF/F.V.1-/-.
Page 68. 8cllcm: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG71-CF
8cx 21m.
Page 70.8cllcm:Fc(l8(c.NCCFMF.
Page 77. Icp: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG111-SC
41555.
Page 77. 8cllcm: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG111-SC
583481.
Page 78. Icp: Nclicnc| /(chive: cl Cc||ee Fc(k FG111-SC
40444.
Page 80. U.S. /(my Fhclc Ly Lc((y Sleven:. FCFSCCM FuL|ic
/ffci(:.
Photo Credits cont.
Fort Hancock. New Je(:ey: c|c:ec in 174 {lcccy: Gclewcy
Nclicnc|Fec(eclicn/(ec)
Fort Hayes{c|:cCc|umLu:/(:enc|cncCc|umLu:8c((cck:).
Chic:c|c:ecin17{lcccy:Cc|umLu:Schcc|Di:l(icl:
Fc(lHcye:Mel(cpc|ilcnEcucclicnCenle()
Fort Huachuca./(izcnc:cpen
Fort Knox.Kenlucky:cpen
Fort Lawton. Wc:hinlcn: c|c:ec in 111 {lcccy: Secll|e
Di:ccve(yFc(k)
Fort Leavenworth.Kcn:c::cpen
Fort Leonard Wood.Mi::cu(i:cpen
Fort Lewis. Wc:hinlcn: cpen {lcccy: pc(l cf Jcinl 8c:e Lewi:-
McChc(c)
Fort Logan.Cc|c(ccc:c|c:ecin11{lcccy:Menlc|Hec|lh
ln:liluleclFc(lLccn)
Fort McPherson. Gec(ic: c|c:ec 2011
Fort Monroe.Vi(inic:c|c:ecin2011{lcccy:pc(lNclicnc|
Mcnumenl)
Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall {c|:cFc(lMye().Vi(inic:cpen
Fort Omaha{c|:cShe(mcn8c((cck:cncCmchc8c((cck:).
NeL(c:kc:c|c:ecin17{lcccy:Mel(cpc|ilcn
CcmmunilyCc||ee.Cmchc)
Fort Sam Houston. Iexc:: cpen {lcccy: pc(l cf Jcinl 8c:e Scn
/nlcnic)
Fort Sheridan.l||inci::c|c:ecin13
Fort Snelling.Minne:clc:c|c:ecin14{lcccy:Fc(lSne||in
SlcleFc(k)
Locations
Augusta Arsenal. Gec(ic: c|c:ec in 155 {lcccy: /uu:lc
SlcleUnive(:ily)
Barksdale Air Force Base.Lcui:icnc:cpen
Brooklyn Navy Yard. New Yc(k: c|c:ec in 1
Camp Bullis. Iexc:: cpen {lcccy: pc(l cf Jcinl 8c:e Scn
/nlcnic)
Camp Custer.Michicn:cpen
Camp Hancock. Gec(ic: c|c:ec in 118
Camp Jackson{Fc(lJcck:cn).SculhCc(c|inc:cpen
Camp McClellan {c|:cFc(lMcC|e||cn)./|cLcmc:c|c:ecin
1
Camp Merritt.NewJe(:ey:c|c:ecin120
Camp Nelson.Kenlucky:c|c:ecunkncwnccle
Charleston Navy Yard.SculhCc(c|inc:c|c:ecin1
F.E. Warren Air Force Base. Wycmin: cpen
Fort Belvoir, Vi(inic:cpen
Fort Benning. Gec(ic: cpen
Fort Bliss. Iexc:: cpen
Fort Bragg.Nc(lhCc(c|inc:cpen
Fort Delaware.De|cwc(e:c|c:ecin147{lcccy:Fc(lDe|cwc(e
SlcleFc(k)
Fort Douglas.Ulch:pc(l|yc|c:ec{lcccy:/(myFe:e(vecnc
Unive(:ilycfUlch)
Fort Gordon. Gec(ic: cpen
Fort Washington.Mc(y|cnc:c|c:ecin14{lcccy:Fc(l
Wc:hinlcn Nclicnc| Fc(k)
Governors Island {c|:c Fc(l Jcy cnc Fc(l Cc|umLu:). New Yc(k:
c|c:ecin1
Great Lakes Naval Training Center.l||inci::cpen
Hickam Air Force Base.Hcwcii:cpen{lcccy:pc(lcfJcinl
8c:eFec(|Hc(Lc()
Illinois National Guard.Chcmpcin.l||inci::cpen
Indianapolis Arsenal.lncicnc:c|c:ecin103{lcccy:/(:enc|
Iechnicc|HihSchcc|)
Jeffersonville General Hospital.lncicnc:c|c:ecin185
Jeffersonville Quartermaster Depot.lncicnc:c|c:ecin158
Joint Base Langley-Eustis.Vi(inic:cpen
Kelly Air Force Base. Iexc:: c|c:ec in 2001
Lowry Air Force Base Denver.Cc|c(ccc:c|c:ecin14
Madison Barracks. New Yc(k: c|c:ec in 147
Mare Island Naval Shipyard.Cc|ifc(nic:c|c:ecin1
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar{c|:cN/SMi(cmc().
Cc|ifc(nic:cpen
Maxwell Air Force Base./|cLcmc:cpen
Naval Air Station Alameda.Cc|ifc(nic:c|c:ecin17
Naval Air Station Corpus Christi. Iexc:: cpen
Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base New Orleans.Lcui:icnc:
cpen
Naval Air Station Pensacola.F|c(icc:cpen
Naval Base Pearl Harbor.Hcwcii{lcccy:pc(lcfJcinl8c:e
Fec(|Hc(Lc()
Naval Health Clinic.8ecufc(l.SculhCc(c|inc:cpen
Naval Health Clinic.Chc(|e:lcn.SculhCc(c|inc:c|c:ecin2011
Naval Home.Fhi|cce|phic.Fenn:y|vcnic:c|c:ecin17
Naval Hospital.Fhi|cce|phic.Fenn:y|vcnic:c|c:ecin17
Naval Hospital. Wc:hinlcn. D.C.: c|c:ec in 122
Naval Medical Clinic.Fc(l:mculh.Vi(inic:cpen
Naval Station Kitsap Bremerton. Wc:hinlcn : cpen
Naval Support Activity Norfolk Naval Shipyard.Vi(inic:cpen
Naval Support Facility Dalgren.Vi(inic:cpen
Peterson Air Force Base.Cc|c(ccc:cpen
Presidio of San Francisco.Cc|ifc(nic:c|c:ecin15{lcccy:
Nclicnc|Fc(k)
Randolph Air Force Base. Iexc:: cpen
Sackets Harbor Navy Yard. New Yc(k: c|c:ec in 147 {lcccy:
Scckel: Hc(Lc( 8cll|efe|c Slcle Fc(k)
San Diego Naval Hospital.Cc|ifc(nic:cpen{ivenlcScn
Diecinlhe180:)
U.S. Air Force Academy.Cc|c(ccc:cpen
U.S. Military Academy. New Yc(k: cpen
U.S. Naval Academy.Mc(y|cnc:cpen
Vancouver Barracks {c|:c Fc(l Vcnccuve(). Wc:hinlcn:
c|c:ec147{lcccy:pc(l|ylheFc(lVcnccuve(Nclicnc|
Hi:lc(icSile)
Walter Reed Medical Center. Wc:hinlcn D.C.: c|c:ec in 2011
Locations cont.
Glossary
Ihe fc||cwin c(chileclu(c| le(m: hcve Leen ccmpi|ec f(cm
cvc(ielycf:cu(ce:.inc|ucinLcncnckYe''cwFcgeLylhe
Nclicnc|I(u:lfc(Hi:lc(icF(e:e(vclicn:G'ccvc|Acn|tectuc'
en Ly Jchn C. Wcle(: cnc lhe Nclicnc| /||icnce cf F(e:e(vclicn
Ccmmi::icn::De|gnGu|ce'|ne|cFc'e|gnH|tc|cD|t|ctLy
lheFc|eihHi:lc(icDi:l(iclCcmmi::icn:An|''utctecG'ccv
c|Fc'vScutnenAcn|tectuecncLcncccceecilecLyCc(|
F. Lcun:Lu(y: cnc Gu|ce'|ne |c |cent||v|ng cnc Fvc'uct|ng
H|tc|c /|'|tcv Lcncccce Ly US/CEFL. Fc( cccilicnc|
cefnilicn: cf mi|ilc(y le(m:. p|ec:e ccn:u|l lhe Depc(lmenl cf
Defen:eDiclicnc(ycfMi|ilc(ycnc/::cciclecIe(m:{cvci|cL|e
cl:hllp://www.clic.mi|/cccl(ine/je|/ccccicl/).
Aqua Media-/ (ccf which ccnlinue:
c(cunc c|| fcu( :ice: ju:l cLcve lhe
(cunc:lc(ywinccw:./lypicc|feclu(e
cf WWll lempc(c(y Lui|cin: cf lhe 700
Se(ie::c|:c(efe((eclcc:c:ki(l(ccf.
Arcade-/ :e(ie: cf c(che: :uppc(lec
cncc|umn:c(cn:cuc(ec((eclcnu|c(
pie(:.
Arch-/ :l(uclu(e fc(mec cf wece-
:hcpec :lcne:. L(ick:. c( clhe( cLjecl:
|cic :c c: lc mcinlcin cne cnclhe( f(m|y
inpc:ilicn.
Architrave-Ihe |cwe:l e|emenl in lhe enlcL|clu(e: cf lhe lcnic
cncCc(inlhicncc|umnc(c(ce(:{:eec(cwincnpce13).
Ashlar-/ c(e::ec c( :cuc(ec :lcne: lhe
mc:cn(yLui|lcf:uchhewn:lcne.
Asymmetry-8ui|cin: fcccce |cck: Lc|cnce c( :ymmel(y.
Attic Vent-ln hcu:e:. c :c(eenec
c( |cuve(ec cpenin. :cmelime: in
cecc(clive :hcpe:. |ccclec cn cL|e:
c( :cffl:. Viclc(icn :ly|e: :cmelime:
feclu(e :heel :cffl: c( melc| venli|clc(:
mcunlec cn lhe (ccf (ice cLcve lhe
cllic.
Balcony-/ p|clfc(m enc|c:ec wilh c
|cw pc(cpel. (ci|in. c( Lc|u:l(cce cnc
p(cjeclinf(cmcwc||.u:uc||yinf(cnlcf
cwinccwc(clhe(cpenin.
Baluster-/ lu(nec c( (eclcnu|c( up(ihl :uppc(lin c :lci(
hcnc(ci|c(fc(minpc(lcfcLc|u:l(cce.
Balustrade-/n enli(e (ci|in :y:lem
inc|ucinclcp(ci|cncil:Lc|u:le(:.cnc
cflencLcllcm(ci|.
Band-F|cl l(im (unnin hc(izcnlc||y in c wc|| lc cencle c civi:icn
inlhewc||p|cnec(cchcnein|eve|:cnc((cw.hc(izcnlc|Lcnc
p(cjeclin f(cm lhe exle(ic( wc||: cf c Lui|cin. u:uc||y cefnin
lhe |ccclicn cf inle(ic( fcc( |eve|: {:ee c(cwin cn pce 17):
c|:c(efe((eclcc:Lcncccu(:e.Lcncmc|c.Le|l.Le|lccu(:e.
Bargeboard-/ Lcc(c. cflen c(ncle|y
cu(vec. cllcchec lc lhe p(cjeclin
ece: cf c cL|e (ccf: c|:c (efe((ec lc
c:ve(eLcc(c.
Barrel Roof-/ (ccf cf :emi-cy|inc(icc| :eclicn: :ee Fcc|.
Bay-Cne unil cf c Lui|cin lhcl ccn:i:l: cf c :e(ie: cf :imi|c(
unil:: ccmmcn|y cefnec c: lhe numLe( cf ve(licc| civi:icn:
wilhincLui|cin:fcccce{e...winccw:cncccc(cpenin:.
c(lhec(ec:Lelweenlhecc|umn:c(pie(:).
Bay Window-/ |c(e winccw c( :e(ie: cf
winccw: p(cjeclin f(cm lhe cule( wc||
cfcLui|cincncfc(minc(ece::wilhin.
Beltcourse-See 8cnccncSt|ngCcue.
Blind Arch-/n c(ch lhcl cce: ncl
ccnlcin cn cpenin fc( c winccw c(
ccc(Luli::elccin:lc(incenlecwilhin
cwc||.
Board and Batten-C|c:e|y cpp|iec
ve(licc| Lcc(c:. lhe jcinl: cf which c(e
ccve(ec Ly ve(licc|. nc((cw. wcccen
:l(ip:.
Bond-Ihe |cyin cf L(ick: c( :lcne:
(eu|c(|y in c wc|| cccc(cin lc c
(eccnizecpclle(nfc(:l(enlh.Mc:cn(y
Lcnci:e::enlic|lcL(ickwc(kwhenwi(e
(einfc(cemenli:nclu:ec.
Boxed Eaves-Enc|c:ec ecve: wilh
Lcc(c: nci|ec lc fc(m c fc:cic cnc :cffl.
:cmelime:en(ichecLymc|cin:.
Brace-/ ciccnc| :lcLi|izin memLe( cf c Lui|cin f(cme.
Bracket-/ p(cjeclin :uppc(l u:ec unce( cc(nice:. ecve:.
Lc|ccnie:. c( winccw: lc p(cvice :l(uclu(c| c( pu(e|y vi:uc|
:uppc(l{:eec(cwincnpce21).
Buttress-/ ve(licc| mc:: cf mc:cn(y p(cjeclin f(cm c( Lui|l
ccin:l c wc|| lc ive cccilicnc| :l(enlh cl lhe pcinl cf
mcximum :l(e::.
Cantilever-/ L(cckel c( hc(izcnlc|
Lecmlhcli:cn|ycnchc(ecclcneenc
lhcl :uppc(l: c pc(l cf c Lui|cin. c
Lc|ccnyc(c(ccf.
Capital-Ihe uppe(mc:l pc(l. c( hecc. cf c cc|umn c( pi|c:le(
{:eec(cwincnpce13).
Cartouche-/n c(ncmenlc| lcL|el. cflen in:c(iLec c(
cecc(clec. cnc f(cmec wilh e|cLc(cle :c(c||-|ike cc(vin: c
mcci||icncfcu(vecfc(m.
Casement-/ hinec winccw f(cme lhcl cpen: hc(izcnlc||y
|ikecccc(.
Casing-Ihe expc:ec l(im mc|cin. f(cmin. c(
|inin c(cunc c ccc( c( c winccw: mcy Le eilhe( fcl
c(mc|cec.
Castellated-Hcvin c Lcll|emenlec c( c(enu|clec pc(cpel c(
(ccf::eeCenu'ct|cn.
Cast Iron-l(cn lhcl hc: Leen :hcpec Ly Lein me|lec cnc
cc:lincmc|c.
Chamfer-/ Leve|ec ece c( cc(ne(.
Chamfered Post-/ :cuc(e pc:l wilh
lhe ece: cf il: cc(ne(: cul cwcy c(
Leve|ec.
Churrigueresque-/ hih|y-c(ncmenlec Spcni:h Fevivc| :ly|e.
ncmeccfle(c(chileclJc:eChu((iue(c.
Clapboard-/ |cn. nc((cw Lcc(c wilh cne ece lhicke(
lhcnlheclhe(.cve(|cppeclcccve(lhecule(wc||:cff(cme
:l(uclu(e::c|:ckncwnc:weclhe(Lcc(c.
Clipped Gable-/ cL|e (ccf cf which lhe peck i: l(uncclec fc(
cecc(cliveeffecl.cflenlhe(ccfcve(hcn:lhemi::inpeck.
Column-/ ve(licc| :hcfl c( pi||c( lhcl :uppc(l: c( cppec(: lc
:uppc(lc|ccc:inC|c::icc|c(chileclu(e.lhecc|umnccn:i:l:cf
lh(eepc(l::Lc:e.:hcfl.cncccpilc|.
Colonnette-/ :mc||-:cc|e cc|umn. ene(c||y emp|cyec c: c
cecc(clivee|emenlcnmcnle|:.cve(mcnle|:.cncpc(licc:.
Common Bond-/ melhcc cf |cyin
L(ick whe(ein cne ccu(:e cf hecce(:
i: |cic fc( eve(y lh(ee. fve. c( :even
ccu(:e:cf:l(elche(:.
Composite Order-Ihe |c:l cf lhe c|c::icc| c(ce(: which
ccmLine: chc(ccle(i:lic: cf Lclh lhe lcnic c(ce( cnc lhe
Cc(inlhicnc(ce({:eec(cwincnpce13).
Coping-Ihe ccp c( lhe lcp ccu(:e cf c mc:cn(y wc||.
Corbel-ln mc:cn(y. c p(cjeclicn c( cne cf c
:e(ie:cfp(cjeclicn:.ecch:leppecp(c(e::ive|y
fc(lhe(fc(wc(cwilhinc(ec:inheihl.cnchc(ec
in c wc||. :lc(y. cc|umn c( chimney: c L(cckel
c(L|cckp(cjeclinf(cmlhefccecfcwc||lhcl
ene(c||y:uppc(l:ccc(nice.Lecm.c(c(ch.
Corinthian Order-Ihe mc:l :|ence( cnc c(ncle cf lhe c|c::icc|
G(eek c(ce(: cf cc|umn:. chc(ccle(izec Ly c :|im. fulec cc|umn
wilh Le||-:hcpec ccpilc| cecc(clec wilh :ly|izec cccnlhu:
|ecve:{:eec(cwincnpce13).
Corner Board-Cne cf lhe nc((cw ve(licc|
Lcc(c: cl lhe cc(ne( cf c l(ccilicnc| wcccen
f(cmeLui|cin.inlcwhichlhec|cpLcc(c:cLul.
Cornice-/ mc|cin cl lhe ece cf c (ccf: c mc|cin lhcl
ccve(: lhe cn|e fc(mec Ly cei|in cnc wc||: lhe uppe(mc:l
:eclicncfcnenlcL|clu(e.
Course-/ hc(izcnlc| (cw cf :lcne: c( L(ick: in c wc||.
Cresting-/n cpenwc(k c(ncmenl c|cn c hc(izcnlc| ece c(
(ice.
Crenulation-/|le(nclin incenlclicn:
cnc(ci:ec:eclicn:cfcpc(cpel.c(eclin
c lcclh-|ike p(cf|e: c|:c (efe((ec lc c: c
Lcll|emenl.
Cross-gable Roof-Whe(e cne cL|e-encin (ccf inle(:ecl:
cnclhe(cL|e-encin(ccf::eeFcc|.
Crown-/ cecc(clive c(cwn i: :cmelhin
cu(veclcfc(mchc|f-ci(c|e.lcp.c(chief
c(ncmenl.
Cupola-/ :mc|| vcu|l cn lcp cf c (ccf. :cmelime:
:phe(icc| in :hcpe. c( :cmelime: :cuc(e wilh c
mcn:c(cc(ccnicc|(ccf.
Dentil-/ :mc||. (eclcnu|c( L|cck u:ec
inc:e(ie:Le|cwlhecc(niceinlhelcnic.
Cc(inlhicn. Ccmpc:ile. cnc :cmelime:
Dc(icc(ce(:.
Doric Order-/ c|c::icc| c(ce( cf cc|umn chc(ccle(izec Ly
:imp|e. unccc(nec ccpilc|: :uppc(lin c f(ieze cf ve(licc||y
(ccvec lcL|el: c( l(i|yph: :el cl inle(vc|: {:ee c(cwin cn
pce13).
Dormer Window-/n up(ihl winccw
|ihlin lhe :pcce in c (ccf: when il i: in
lhe:cmep|ccec:lhewc||.ili:cc||ecc
wc|| cc(me(. when il (i:e: f(cm lhe :|cpe
cflhe(ccf.c(ccfcc(me(.
Double-hung Sash Window-/ winccw wilh lwc :c:he:. cne
cLcvelheclhe(.c((cneclc:|iceve(licc||ypc:lecchclhe(.
Double-leaf-/n cpenin wilh lwc
ve(licc|ccc(:lhclmeelinlhemicc|ecf
lhe cpenin when c|c:ec: c|:c (efe((ec
lcc:cccuL|eccc(.
Dressed-De:c(iplive cf :lcne. L(ick. c( |umLe( lhcl hc: Leen
p(epc(ec. :hcpec. c( fni:hec Ly cullin. p|cnin. (uLLin. c(
:cncincnec(mc(ecfil:fcce:.
Drip Molding-Mc|cin lhcl hc: c p(cjeclin ece lhcl i:
chcnne|ec Leneclh lc p(evenl wcle( f(cm (unnin Lcck
ccin:llhe:u(fccecfcwc||.
Drop-lap Siding-Wcccen :icin wilh
c ccnccve uppe( ece lhcl fl: inlc
c cc((e:pcncin (cLLel in lhe :icin
cLcve: c|:c (efe((ec lc c: Ge(mcn :icin.
Eave-Ihe pc(l cf c :|cpin (ccf lhcl p(cjecl: Leycnc c wc||.
Engaged Porch-/ pc(ch whc:e (ccf i:
ccnlinucu: :l(uclu(c||y wilh lhcl cf lhe
mcin:eclicncflheLui|cin.
English Bond-/ melhcc cf |cyin L(ick whe(ein cne ccu(:e i:
|cic wilh :l(elche(: cnc lhe nexl wilh hecce(:. lhu: Lcncin lhe
ccuL|elhickne::cfL(icklcelhe(cncfc(minchih-:l(enlh
Lcnccfc|le(nclinccu(:e:cf:l(elche(:cnchecce(:.
Entablature-Ihe hc(izcnlc| pc(l cf cn c(chileclu(c| c(ce( lhcl
i: :uppc(lec cn cc|umn: cnc ccmpc:ec cf c(chil(cve. f(ieze.
cnccc(nice{:eec(cwincnpce13).
Facade-Ihe exle(ic( fcce cf c Lui|cin lhcl i: lhe c(chileclu(c|
f(cnl. :cmelime: ci:linui:hec f(cm lhe clhe( fcce: Ly
e|cLc(clicncfc(chileclu(c|c(ncmenlc|celci|:.
Fanlight-/ winccw. cflen :emi-ci(cu|c(. cve( c ccc( wilh
(cciclin munlin: :ue:live cf c fcn {:ee c(cwin cn pce
11).
Fascia-/ fcl Lcc(c wilh c ve(licc| fcce lhcl fc(m: lhe l(im
c|cn lhe ece cf c fcl (ccf. c( c|cn lhe hc(izcnlc| {c( ecve
:ice)cfcpilchec(ccf.Ihe(cinulle(i:cflenmcunleccnil.
Fenestration-Ihe winccw: cnc ccc(: cnc lhei( cpenin: in c
Lui|cin.
Finial-/ fc(mc| c(ncmenl cl lhe lcp cf c ccncpy.
cL|e.pinncc|e.:l(eel|ihl.elc.
Flared Eaves-/n ecve lhcl p(cjecl:
upwc(c.
Flat Arch-/n c(ch fc(mec cn c :l(cihl hc(izcnlc|
p|cne:c|:c(efe((eclcc:cjcckc(ch.
Flemish Bond-/ melhcc cf |cyin L(ick whe(ein hecce(: cnc
:l(elche(: c|le(ncle in ecch ccu(:e cnc whe(ein ve(licc||y.
hecce(:c(ep|cceccve(:l(elche(:lcfc(mcLcnccncivec
ci:linclivec(c::pclle(n.
Flush Siding-Wcccen :icin lhcl |ie: cn c :in|e p|cne:
ccmmcn|y cpp|iec hc(izcnlc||y. excepl when cpp|iec ve(licc||y
lccccenlcnc(chileclu(c|feclu(e.
Fluting-/ :y:lem cf ve(licc| (ccve: {fule:) in lhe :hcfl cf cn
lcnic. Cc(inlhicn. c( Ccmpc:ile cc|umn. Dc(ic cc|umn: hcve
pc(licn: cf lhe cy|inc(icc| :u(fcce cf lhe cc|umn: :epc(clin
lhe fule: {:ee c(cwin cn pce 13).
Foil-/ (cuncec c( |ecf-|ike c(ncmenl fcunc in winccw:. niche:.
elc.
Foundation-Ihe :uppc(lin pc(licn cf c :l(uclu(e Le|cw lhe
f(:l-fcc( ccn:l(uclicn. c( Le|cw (cce. inc|ucin fcclin:.
French Window-/ |cn winccw (ecchin lc fcc( |eve| cnc
cpenininlwc|ecve:|ikecpci(cfccc(:.
Frieze-Ihe inle(mecicle memLe( cf c c|c::icc| enlcL|clu(e.
u:uc||y c(ncmenlec: c|:c c hc(izcnlc| cecc(clive pcne| {:ee
c(cwincnpce13).
Front-gable Roof-/ ccuL|e-:|cpin (ccf {cL|e) wilh lhe f(cnl
enl(y|cccleccnl(icnu|c(:hcpe:ice::eeFcc|.
Gable-Ihe ve(licc|. l(icnu|c( :hcpe cl lhe enc cf c Lui|cin
fc(mecLycccuL|e-:|cpin(ccf.
Gable-on-Hip-/ hip (ccf in which lhe hip: c(e ncl cc((iec
c|| lhe wcy lc lhe (ice: in:lecc. ecch enc (ccf :u(fcce lu(n:
ve(licc||ynec(lhelcp:cc:lcfc(mc:mc||cL|elhcli:
pe(pencicu|c(lclhe(ice.
Garland-/ cu(vec. hcnin fe:lccn
cf |ecve: c( fcwe(: u:ec c: cn cpp|iec
c(ncmenlc|cevice.
Glazing-Sellin |c:: in cn cpenin: lhe |c:: cf cn cpenin
u:in|c::.
Gambrel Roof-/ cL|e (ccf. mc(e c( |e:: :ymmel(icc|. hcvin
fcu(inc|inec:u(fcce:wilhlhepci(meelincllhe(icehcvin
c:hc||cwe(pilch{:eec(cwincnpce55)::eeFcc|.
Gingerbread-Ihin. cu(vi|inec( c(ncmenlclicn p(ccucec wilh
mcchine-pcwe(ec:cw:.
Glazed Header-/ L(ick hcvin c |c::y. cc(k ccclin. (cnin
incc|c(f(cm(cy-(eenlcc|mc:lL|cck.fc(meccnlhecule(
:u(fcce lh(cuh ci(ecl expc:u(e lc fcme cnc inlen:e hecl
cu(in f(in p(cce::: cflen u:ec in F|emi:h Lcnc L(ickwc(k fc(
cecc(clivepu(pc:e:Ly|cyinlheL(ick:clhe|czechecce(:
fc(mcpclle(ninlhewc||.
Halfglazed Door-/ ccc( ccn:i:lin cf |c::
fc(hc|fcflhe:u(fcce.lypicc||ylheuppe(hc|f.
wilhwcccpcne|c(pcne|:Le|cw.
Half-timbering-/ ccn:l(uclicn melhcc cf wccc f(cmin wilh
:pcce: f||ec wilh mc:cn(y {:ee c(cwin cn pce 57).
Header-/ L(ick |cic cc(c:: lhe lhickne:: cf c wc|| lc Lcnc
lcelhe( ciffe(enl wiclh: cf c wc||: lhe expc:ec enc cf c L(ick.
Hip Roof-/ (ccf wilhcul cL|e:. ecch cf whc:e :ice:. ene(c||y
fcu(. |ie: in c :in|e p|cne cnc jcin: lhe clhe(: cl cn cpex c(
(ice:c|:c(efe((eclcc:chippec(ccf.:eeFcc|.
Hood-/ (cuncec. p(cjeclin mc|cin cLcve c ccc(. winccw.
c(c(chwcylclh(cwcff(cin.
Jack Arch-See F'ctAcn.
Jamb-Ihe ve(licc| :ice: cf cn cpenin. u:uc||y fc( c ccc( c( c
winccw.
Jerkin Head Roof-/ (ccf whc:e enc hc: Leen fc(mec inlc
c :hcpe micwcy Lelween c cL|e cnc c hip. (e:u|lin in c
l(uncclec c( c|ippec cppec(cnce: c|:c (efe((ec lc c: c
c|ippeccL|e.
Keystone-Ihe cenl(c| unil cf cn c(ch :hcpec
incwecefc(m.

Knee Brace-/ ncn-:l(uclu(c|. ciccnc| memLe( u:ec c:
exle(ic( c(ncmenlclicn. exlencin f(cm lhe fcccce lc lhe
ecvecfcLui|cin.
Lattice-/ nelwc(k. cflen ciccnc|. cf
inle(|cckin |clh c( clhe( lhin :l(ip:. u:ec c:
:c(eenin.e:pecic||yinlheLc:ecfcpc(ch.
Light-/ :eclicn cf c winccw. lhe pcne c( |c::: :ee Fcne.
/LJKW&RQJXUDWLRQ-Ihe ccnfu(clicn cf lhe |ihl: in c winccw
{:ee c(cwin cn pce 28 fc( cn excmp|e cf c :ix-cve(-cne |ihl
ccnfu(clicn).
Lintel-/ hc(izcnlc| :l(uclu(c| c(
c(ncmenlc| memLe( cve( cn cpenin
lhcl ene(c||y cc((ie: lhe weihl cf lhe
wc||cLcveil.cflencf:lcnec(wccc.
Lunette-/ :emici(cu|c( cpenin.
Mansard Roof-/ mccifcclicn cf lhe hip
(ccf in which ecch :ice hc: lwc p|cne:.
lheuppe(Leinmc(e:hc||cw::eeFcc|.
Palladian Window-/ winccw ce:in
feclu(in c cenl(c| c(ch cpenin fcnkec
Ly |cwe(. :cuc(e-heccec cpenin:
:epc(clecLycc|umn:.pi|c:le(:.pie(:.c(
nc((cwve(licc|pcne|:.
Pane-/ f(cmec :eclicn cf c winccw c( ccc( lhcl i: u:uc||y f||ec
wilhc:heelcf|c::c(clhe(l(cn:pc(enlmcle(ic|::eeL|gnt.
Panel-/ lhin. fcl piece cf wccc f(cmec Ly :li|e: cnc (ci|:. c:
in c ccc( c( fllec inlc (ccve: cf lhicke( mcle(ic| wilh mc|cec
ece:fc(cecc(clivewc||l(eclmenl.
Pantile-/ (ccfn li|e wilh lhe :hcpe cf cn S" |cic cn il: :ice.
Parapet-/ wc|| :eclicn (i:in cLcve lhe (ccfine: c |cw wc||.
:cmelime: Lcll|emenlec. p|ccec lc p(clecl cny :pcl whe(e
lhe(ei:c:uccenc(cp.
Pavilion-/ win c( cenl(c| unil which
p(cjecl: f(cm c |c(e( c(chileclu(c|
unil cnc i: u:uc||y cccenlec Ly :pecic|
cecc(clivel(eclmenl.
Pediment-/ l(icnu|c( cL|e Lcuncec
cnc||:ice:Lycccnlinucu:cc(nice.
Massing-Ihe phy:icc| vc|ume c( Lu|k cf c Lui|cin.
Modillion-/ hc(izcnlc| L(cckel. cflen
in lhe fc(m cf c p|cin L|cck. u:ec fc(
c(ncmenlin c( :cmelime: :uppc(lin
lheunce(:icecfccc(nice.
Molding-/ cecc(clive Lcnc hcvin c ccn:lcnl p(cf|e c(
hcvincpclle(nin|cw(e|ief.ene(c||yu:ecincc(nice:c(c:
l(imc(cunccpenin:.
Mullion-/ ve(licc| memLe( :epc(clin winccw:. ccc(:. c(
pcne|::elinc:e(ie:.
Muntin-/ :eccncc(y f(cmin memLe( lc hc|c pcne: wilhin c
winccw.winccwwc||.c(|czecccc(:cninle(mecicleve(licc|
memLe(lhclcivice:lhepcne|:cfcccc(.
Newel Post-/ lc|| cnc cflen c(ncmenlc|
pc:l cl lhe hecc c( fccl cf c :lci(.
:uppc(linlhehcnc(ci|.
Ocular Window-/ (cunc c( ci(cu|c( winccw wilhcul l(cce(y
lhcllypicc||ycppec(:inlhecL|ecfcLui|cin.
Oriel Window-/ Lcy winccw p(cjeclin f(cm cn uppe( :lc(y: c
:uL:icic(y Lcy c( c cc(Le||ec. enc|c:ec feclu(e eilhe( exle(ic(
c(inle(ic(.
Pilaster-/ fcl-fccec (ep(e:enlclicn cf c
cc|umn.p(cjeclinf(cmcwc||.
Piloti-Cne cf :eve(c| (cunc-|eve| cc|umn: lhcl (ci:e: c
Lui|cinup.c(eclinfunclicnc|:pcceLe|cw.
Pitch-Ihe cn|e cf c (ccf. c( lhe p(cpc(licn Lelween lhe
heihlcnclhe:pcncflhe(ccf.
Pointed Arch-/n c(ch wilh c pcinlec cpex.
Porch-/n exle(ic( cppencce lc c Lui|cin. fc(min c
ccve(eccpp(ccchc(ve:liLu|elccccc(wcy.
Porte Cochere-/ |c(e. ccve(ec enl(cnce
pc(chlh(cuhwhichvehic|e:ccnpc::.
Portico-/ :mc|| enl(cnce pc(ch ccn:i:lin cf c (ccf :uppc(lec
Lycpencc|umn:.
Post and Lintel-/ :l(uclu(c| :y:lem in which lhe mcin :uppc(l
i:p(cvicecLyve(licc|memLe(:.cc||ecpc:l:.lhclc(ecc((yin
hc(izcnlc|memLe(:.cc||ec|inle|:.
Pressed Metal-Ihin :heel: cf melc| mc|cec inlc cecc(clive
ce:in: cnc u:ec lc ccve( exle(ic( wc||:. inle(ic( wc||:. c( cei|in:.
Projection-/ :eclicn cf c Lui|cin lhcl exlenc: culwc(c f(cm
lhe:u(fcce.eilhe(ve(licc||yc(hc(izcnlc||y.
Quatrefoil-/ (cunc pclle(n. :cmelime:
incwinccwc(venl.whichi:ccmpc:ec
cf fcu( ecuc| |cLe:. |ike c fcu(-pelc|ec
fcwe(.
Quoins-Hecvy L|cck:. ene(c||y cf
:lcnec(wccc.culinemu|clicncf:lcne.
cnc u:ec cl lhe cc(ne(: cf Lui|cin: lc
(einfc(ce cnc c(ncmenl mc:cn(y wc||:.
c(u:ecinwcccc:ccecc(clivefeclu(e
cn|y.
Rafters-Sl(uclu(c| limLe(: (i:in f(cm lhe p|cle cl lhe lcp cf c
wc||lclhe(icecflhe(ccfcnc:uppc(linlhe(ccfccve(in.
Rafter Ends-Ihe enc: cf :l(uclu(c| limLe(: (i:in f(cm lhe p|cle
cllhelcpcfcwc||lclhe(icecflhe(ccf{(cfle(:)whichccn
Le expc:ec: c|:c (efe((ec lc c: (cfle( lci|: {:ee c(cwin cn
pce37).
melc|.c:phc|l:hin|e.cnc(c||eclc(cncc:phc|l.in:hcpe:c:
i||u:l(clecLe|cw.
Roof Line-Ihe lcp ece cf c (ccf.
5RRQJ 7LOH-/ li|e fc( (ccfn. u:uc||y cf Lu(nl c|cy: cvci|cL|e
in mcny ccnfu(clicn: cnc lype:. :uch c: p|cin li|e:. :in|e-|cp
li|e:.cncinle(|cckinli|e:.
5XVWLFDWLRQ-Ihe l(eclmenl cf :lcne mc:cn(y
lhcl ceep|y cul: Lcck lhe jcinl: Lelween lhe
L|cck:. Ihe :u(fcce: cf lhe L|cck: mcy Le
:mcclh|y c(e::ec. lexlu(ec. c( exl(eme|y (cuh
c(cuc((y-fccec.
Sailor Course-Cn L(ick c( mc:cn(y Lui|cin:. c Lcnc c( (cw
ccn:i:lincff(cnl-fccin.up(ihlL(ick:.
Sawnwork-C(ncmenlclicn in culcul p|cnkin.
fc(mec wilh c Lcnc:cw. Fcpu|c( in lhe 1880:
cnc lhe 180:. lhi: cecc(clive celci|in i: fcl.
Segmental Arch-/n c(ch fc(mec cn c
:emenlcfcci(c|ec(cne||ip:e.
Rail-Ihe hc(izcnlc| c(c:: piece: cf c ccc(.
Railing-/ :l(uclu(e mcce cf (ci|: cnc up(ihl memLe(: lhcl i:
u:ecc:cuc(cc(Lc((ie(c(fc(:uppc(l:c|:c(efe((eclcc:c
Lc|u:l(cce.
Raised Basement-Ihe :uL:l(uclu(e c( fcuncclicn cf c Lui|cin
lhcli:cLcve(cunc(clhe(lhcnunce((cunc.
Raised Panels-/ pc(licn cf c fcl :u(fcce. c: in lhe pcne| cf c
ccc(c(wcin:cclin.lhcli:ci:lincl|y:elcfff(cmlhe:u((cuncin
c(ec Ly c mc|cin c( clhe( cevice cnc i: (ci:ec cLcve lhe
:u((cuncinc(ec.
Rake-I(im memLe(: lhcl (un pc(c||e| lc c (ccf :|cpe cnc fc(m
lhe fni:h Lelween lhe wc|| cnc c cL|e (ccf exlen:icn.
Ribbon-Cne cf c hc(izcnlc| :e(ie: cf
lh(ee winccw: c( mc(e. :epc(clec cn|y
Lymu||icn:.lhclfc(m:chc(izcnlc|Lcnc
cc(c::lhefccccecfcLui|cin.
Roof-Ihe upmc:l ccve(in cnc p(cleclicn cf c Lui|cin
lhcl ccn Le mcce cf mcle(ic|: |ike wccc. :|cle. le((c ccllc.
Sice-GcL|e
GcmL(e|
F(cnl-GcL|e
Fy(cmicc| Mcn:c(c Hip
C(c::-GcL|e 8c((e|
C(c::-Hip
Shingle-/ (ccfn unil cf wccc. c:phc|l. :|cle. li|e. c( clhe(
mcle(ic|cullc:lcck|enlh:.wiclh:.cnclhickne::e::u:ecc:
cn exle(ic( ccve(in cn (ccf: cnc cpp|iec in cn cve(|cppin
fc:hicn.
Shoulder-Ihe :|cpin :he|f c( |ece c(eclec cn lhe :ice cf c
mc:cn(ychimneywhe(elhewiclhcflhechimneychcne:.
Shutters-Smc|| wcccen |cuve(ec c( :c|ic pcne|: hinec cn lhe
exle(ic( cf winccw:. cnc :cmelime: ccc(:. lc Le cpe(cL|e.
Side-gable Roof-/ ccuL|e-:|cpin (ccf {cL|e) wilh lhe f(cnl
enl(y|cccleccnlhencnl(icnu|c(:hcpe:ice::eeFcc|.
Sidelights-/ ve(licc| |ine cf :mc|| |c:: pcne: fcnkin c
ccc(wcy.
Sill-Ihe |cwe:l hc(izcnlc| memLe( in c wc|| cpenin.
Single-hung Window-/ winccw wilh lwc :c:he:. cne cLcve
lhe clhe(. ce:inec :c lhcl lhe lcp :c:h i: :lclicnc(y cnc lhe
Lcllcm:|ice:ve(licc||ylccpen.
6RIW-Ihe expc:ec unce(:u(fcce cf cny cve(hecc ccmpcnenl
cfcLui|cin.:uchc:cnc(ch.Lc|ccny.Lecm.cc(nice.|inle|.
c(vcu|l.
Soldier Course-Cn c L(ick c( mc:cn(y Lui|cin. c Lcnc c( (cw
ccn:i:lincf:ice-fccinup(ihlL(ick:.
Spindlework-lnl(iccle|y-lu(nec wcccwc(k c( l(im: :cmelime:
(efe((eclcc:ine(L(ecc.
Spire-/ ccnicc|. :hc(p-pcinlec le(minclicn lc cn cLjecl.
Stepped Gable-/ cL|e ccncec|in lhe enc cf c (ccf wilh c
:leppecpc(cpel.
Stile-Ihe ve(licc| c(c::piece: cf c ccc(.
Stretcher-/ L(ick c( c :lcne |cic wilh il: |enlh pc(c||e| lc lhe
|enlhcflhewc||.
String Course-/ p(cjeclin ccu(:e cf L(ick: c( clhe( mcle(ic|
fc(mincnc((cwhc(izcnlc|:l(ipcc(c::lhewc||cfcLui|cin.
u:uc||ylcce|ineclelhe|ineLelween:lc(ie::c|:c(efe((eclcc:
cLe|lccu(:e.
Stucco-/n exle(ic( fni:h. u:uc||y lexlu(ec. ccmpc:ec cf
pc(l|cnc cemenl. |ime. cnc :cnc mixec wilh wcle(. C|ce(-lype
:luccc mcy Le mixec f(cm :cfle( mc:cn(y cemenl (clhe( lhcn
Fc(l|cnccemenl.
Surround-Ihe mc|cec l(im c(cunc c ccc( c( winccw cpenin.
Temple Front-/ pc(l cf c fcccce (e:emL|in lhe f(cnl cf
c C|c::icc| lemp|e. in which cc|umn: c( pi|c:le(: cc((y cn
enlcL|clu(ecncpecimenl.
Terra Cotta-/ fne-(cinec. L(cwn-(ec c|cy u:ec fc( (ccf li|e:.
fcc( li|e:. cnc cecc(clicn.
Textured Siding-Wccc cul in vc(icu: fcl pclle(n:. :uch c:
hc|f-(cunc:c(:cc||cp:.cnccpp|ieclcpc(licn:cffcccce:lc
c(ecle c piclu(e:cue c( (cmcnlic |cck. Su(fcce lexlu(e: c(e
cflenfcuncincicmcnc.:cc||cp.:lce(ecLull.c(ccmpc:ile
pclle(n:.
Three-part Window-/ winccw hcvin c wice (eclcnu|c( :c:h
clil:cenle(cnccnc((cwe(:c:hcnecch:ice:c|:c(efe((eclc
c:cFc||ccicnwinccw.
Trim-Ihe fni:h mcle(ic| cn c Lui|cin. :uch c: mc|cin:. cpp|iec
c(cunc cpenin: c( cl lhe fcc(: cnc lhe cei|in: cf (ccm:.
Truss-/ (iic l(icnu|c( f(cmewc(k ccn:i:lin cf chc(c:. :l(ul:.
c(clhe(:uppc(linmemLe(:.
Tuscan Order-Ihe :imp|e:l cnc c|ce:l cf lhe c|c::icc| G(eek
c(ce(:cfc(chileclu(e.chc(ccle(izecLyc:mcclhcc|umnwilh
:imp|eccpilc|:cncLc:e:{:eec(cwincnpce13).
Turret-/ :mc|| lcwe(. u:uc||y cc(Le||ec f(cm c
cc(ne(.
Veranda (Verandah)-/ ccve(ec pc(ch c( Lc|ccny exlencin
c|cnlhecul:icecfcLui|cin.
Vergeboard-/ Lcc(c. cflen c(ncle|y cu(vec. cllcchec lc
lhe p(cjeclin ece: cf c cL|e (ccf: c|:c (efe((ec lc c: c
Lc(eLcc(c.
Visor Roof-Nc((cw (ccf :emenl:
ccnli|eve(ecf(cmlhewc||.
Water Table-/ :|cpin hc(izcnlc| :u(fcce cl lhe fcuncclicn
|eve|.emp|cyeclc(epe|wcle(cwcyf(cmlhefcuncclicn.
Tower-/ ve(licc|
p(cjeclicn.
Trabeated Entrance-/ :lcncc(c c|c::icc|
enl(cnce feclu(in cn cve( l(cn:cm cnc
:ice|ihl:{:eec(cwincnpce14).
Tracery-/n c(ncmenlc| civi:icn cf cn cpenin. e:pecic||y c
|c(ewinccw.u:uc||ymccewilhwccc.
Transom-/ |ihl c( winccw cve( c ccc( c( enl(cncewcy.
Triglyph-Ihe chc(ccle(i:lic c(ncmenl cf
lhe Dc(ic f(ieze. ccn:i:lin cf :|ihl|y (ci:ec
L|cck:cflh(eeve(licc|Lcnc::epc(clecLy
V-:hcpec(ccve:.
Weatherboard-Wcccen c|cpLcc(c :icin.
Wing-/ pc(l cf c Lui|cin p(cjeclin cn cne :ice c( Lehinc:
c|:c c :epc(cle. celcchec :l(uclu(e fcnkin lhe cenl(c| c(
mcin:eclicn.
Wrought Iron-l(cn lhcl i: (c||ec c( hcmme(ec inlc :hcpe. Lul
neve(me|lec.
DcuL|e-Hun Wccc Sc:h . 11. 13. 15
D(cp-LcpSicin7
DulchCc|cnic|Fevivc|54.55
E
EnlcL|clu(e13.14.8.0.2.7
Exp(e::icni:m 75
F
Fcn|ihl11.43
Fece(c|1.4.10.11.22.42
F|u:hEcve:7
F(enchFevivc|52.53
F(cnl-GcL|e Fccf 2
G
GcL|e 11. 15. 1. 2. 31. 33. 35. 47. 4
GcL|e F(cnl 2. 33. 4. 51. 8
GcmL(e| Cc|cnic| Fevivc|. SeeDulchCc|cnic|Fevivc|
GcmL(e| Fccf 54. 55
Gec(icn 8. . 10. 42. 58. 5
Gec(icn Fevivc| 58. 5
Gclhic Fevivc| 3. 18. 1. 20. 24. 28. 2
G(eek Fevivc| 4. 14. 15
H
Hc|fIimLe(in57
HipDc(me(.SeeHipFccf
HipFccf8.15.1.20.23.44.45.47.53.5.8..2.3
I
lnle(nclicnc|{Ec(|y)4.5
lnle(nclicnc|{Lcle)70.71
lnle(nclicnc|Sly|e4.5.70.71.7
lcnic12.13.14.87.0.2
Index
A
/ci(cncck.SeeFu:lic
/cucMecic7
/(ccce2.3.73
/(lDecc0.1.2
/(lMcce(ne0.2.3
B
8c|u:l(cce20.28.38.3.43.87.
8c(eLcc(c.SeeVe(eLcc(c
8clle(ecFc:l4
8ecux /(l: 38. 3
8e|lccu(:e17
8(ulc|i:m7
8unc|cw4.47
C
Ccncpy0.5..7.1
Ccnli|eve(8
Civi| Wc( 2. 27
C|c::icc|Fevivc|10.12.13.1
Cc|cnic|Fevivc|42.43.50.54.55.58
Ccmpc:ile13.0.2
Cc(inlhicn13.87.0.2
Cc(nice2.14.1.20.21.0.0.1.4.7
C(c::-GcL|e Fccf 0
C(c::-HipFccf
Cupc|c21.22.23
D
Denli|
Dc(ic13.0.2.8
Dc(me(25.1
llc|icncle3.15.20.21.22.24
M
Mcn:c(cFccf24.25.3
Mic-Cenlu(yMcce(n72.73
Minimc|I(ccilicnc|8.
Mcci||icn3.8
N
Necc|c::icc|Fevivc|40.41
NewFece(c|i:m5
NewFc(mc|i:m74
O
Cclccn22.23
P
Fclle(necMc:cn(y57
Fcvi|icn8.58.5
Fecimenl13.14.4
Fi|c:le(:1.38.3.58.5.0.4.7
Fcinlec/(ch1
Fc(licc13.40.41.43.55.5
F(ci(ie44.45
Fy(cmicc|Fccf22.23.73
Q
Cueen/nne3.4.25.28.30.31.32.34.42.45
R
Fcfle(Ici|37
Fci:ec8c:emenl8.10.12.58.5
Fcnch
Fenci::cnceFevivc|1.17
FiLLcn Winccw: 4. 5
Fichc(c:cnicnFcmcne:cue34
Fcmcne:cueFevivc|4.34.35
Fc:e Winccw 1
Fcunc/(ch17.21
Fu:lic3.37
S
SeccncEmpi(e24.25
Shin|e32.33.34
Sice-GcL|e Fccf 11. 15. 41
Sice|ihl11.15.43
Ski(lin7
Spcni:hFevivc|50.51
Slick28.2
Sluccc5.50.51.53.7
T
Icwe(:17
I(cn:cm14.15.20
Iucc(Fevivc|5.57
Iu:ccn13.8
V
Venli|clc(2
Ve(eLcc(c18.1.88
W
Wcle( IcL|e 17. 8
Wc(|c Wc( l . 48. 4. 50. 52. 58.
Wc(|c Wc( ll 42. . 7
ERDC/CERL B-11-2
Ccntuct|cnFng|nee|ngFeeccnLcccctcv|CFFL}
U.S.AnvFng|neeFeeccncncDeve'ccnentCente|FFDC}
202NewnckD|ve
Cncncc|gn.|L!822-!0
Ncvc'Fcc|'|t|eFng|nee|ngCcnncncScutnect|NAVFACSF}
8'cg03.F.C.8cx30
NASJcckcnv|''e
Jcckcnv|''e.FL322!2-0030
DcDLegccvFecuce/cncgenentFcgcn
3400De|eneFentcgcn
Fccn5C4
Wcn|ngtcn.DC2030!

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