Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Annual PM10 concentrations in Italy (1995-2001) per type of station (number of measurements in parenthesis) microg/cubic meter
100 80 60 40 20 0
MAX 75
UT: Urban Traffic UB: Urban Background SB: Suburban Background RB: Rural Background
25
min
(116)
UT
(48)
UB
SB
(8)
RB
(5)
Urban/Suburban Traffic (143) Urban/Suburban Background (58) Urban/Suburban Industrial (37) Rural Industrial (6)
in Italy
Also emissions of almost all PM10 precursors decreased in Italy during the last decade NATIONAL ITALIAN EMISSIONS OF PM PRECURSORS (NOX, SOX, COVNM and NH3) 1990=100
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 SOX 1995 NOX 1996 1997 1998 NH3 1999 2000 2001
COVNM
Lille
working days
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Stockholm London Lille Paris Budapest Bucarest + Rome Madrid Tel Aviv Limit value year 2005 (40 mg/m3)
APAT 2004
Benzina Gasoline
Rome
Metano e GPL
Totale parco
Dato Comunale Parco 2002 % anno 2002 590.128 38,80% 280.341 18,43% 441.116 29,00% 209.464 13,77% 1.521.049 100,00% 78,33% 77.824 20,94% 17.030 4,58% 125.906 33,88% 150.887 40,60% 371.647 100,00% 19,14% 37.860 76,85% 7.733 15,70% 3.483 7,07% 192 0,39% 49.268 100,00% 2,54% 1.941.964 100,00%
Dato Provinciale Parco 2002 % anno 2002 799.970 38,80% 380.027 18,43% 597.971 29,00% 283.946 13,77% 2.061.914 100,00% 78,33% 105.497 20,94% 23.086 4,58% 170.676 33,88% 204.540 40,60% 503.799 100,00% 19,14% 51.323 76,85% 10.483 15,70% 4.721 7,07% 260 0,39% 66.787 100,00% 2,54% 2.632.500 100,00%
Alberto Santel-Paola Villani
EURO III
1.600.000
1.400.000
EURO II
1.200.000
1.000.000
EURO I
800.000
600.000
Convenzionali
400.000
200.000
Gasoline Benzina
Rome
900.000
Motocicli Step I
800.000
700.000
Motocicli Conv.
600.000
500.000
400.000
Ciclomotori Step I
300.000
200.000
Ciclomotori Conv.
100.000
Rome
Gasoline BENZINA Diesel fuel GASOLIO
70000
60000
96/69 EURO II
50000
40000
30000
93/59 EURO I
20000
PRE EURO
10000
0 BENZINA GASOLI
Area di servizio Prenestina Est A 1 km 566 Area di servizio Prenestina Ovest A 1 km 566 SS 2 Cassia nbis km 13,222 Formello Via Tiburtina km 18,700 - SS 5 Guidonia Lanuvio SS 207 Nettunense, km 14,021 Magliana Sud Raccordo Autostradale Roma Fiumicino Magliana Nord Raccordo Autostradale Roma Fiumicino Via Monachelle km 1,300 Pomezia SP Ponzano - Civitacastellana Ponzano Romano Roma Via di Tor Bella Monaca-USC.17 GRA-Dir. Casilina Roma Via Boccea km 10,000 Roma Via del Flauto, 40 Via Pomonte, 39/41 - Loc. Settebagni Roma Grande Raccordo Anulare - Casilina Interna Roma Roma Grande Raccordo Anulare - Ardeatina Esterna Roma Via Aurelia Roma Loc. Ponte Galeria Grande Raccordo Anulare - Pisana Interna Roma Grande Raccordo Anulare - Selva Candida Roma
SOURCES OF INFORMATION: Documents about Rome (Municipal reports on air quality, Urban Traffic Plans, etc.) Web pages Rome Municipalitie, Italian Local Environmental Protection Agencies, European Union, Information Service on Local Mobility of the European Union. Italian and European Statistical data
SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS Information about some representative Italian cities are organized as follows:
Thematic area of intervention
Type Infrastructures Intervention Description Transit point City-oriented Freight Platform and client supply through ZEV/LEV Scheme
Indicators
Dim K State J Perf K
J K L J K L J K L
High impact intervention on urban territory and/or local mobility system Medium impact intervention on urban territory and/or local mobility system Low impact intervention on urban territory and/or local mobility system Fulfilled and activated intervention Partially activated intervention Not activated intervention Fully satisfactory, excellent user consciousness Satisfactory even though lower than predicted effect Very low positive effect, poor user participation and/or project abortion
Dimension
State
Rome 1 / 2 / 3
Population: Area: Density: ab/km2 Total cars: 2,816,474
microg/cubic meter 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1997
L.V. 2005
Car*1,000 inhabitant:
Type Infrastructures intervention
Dim J L L L K K J
State K K J J J J J
Perf K L J L J K J
Traffic Remote Control - Centrale monitoraggio flussi veicolari della STA SIM (Sistema Informativo della Mobilit) 2.7 M Euro Methane-running Buses Operating Service (0,3% of entire fleet)
2 M Euro M Euro
Technological measures
(Gecam) Dieselwater emulsion running Buses Operating Service (12% of 1 M Euro entire fleet) ZEV Buses Experimental Operating Service (fleet: 64 buses) 10.6
Restricted Access Areas and on-street Parking Policies Car Sharing System Electric Bycicle and Scooter Rental Scheme, Pop-Bus
2 M Euro,
Rome 1 / 2 / 3
Population: Area: Density: ab/km2 Total cars: 2,816,474 1,285 km2 2,192 1,941,964 762.5
Dim State Perf
Car*1,000 inhabitant:
Type Infrastructures Intervention Technological measures
12.5 M Euro
K J J J J L J J J L
J J J K J J K K J L
K J J K K J J K J K
Implementation of Public-Transport fleet according to EURO III Standards (42% of entire fleet) 1.5 M Euro (Gecam) Dieselwater emulsion running Buses Operating Service4 Restricted Access Areas and on-street Parking Policies Short-range freight delivery Park + Ride Scheme Remote/Electronic Vehicle Access Control System Mobility Management
Subtotal
Reducing Pollution in Rome: Programs and Policies
Rome 1 / 2 / 3
Population: Area: Density: ab/km2 Total cars: 2,816,474 1,285 km2 2,192 1,941,964 762.5
Dim State Perf
Car*1,000 inhabitant:
Type Infrastructures Intervention Technological Application
J K K J J J J L K J
J J K J K J K K J J
J K K K K K J L K J
Nine environmental agreement on the air quality (one for every province) that they preview approximately 11 million Euro of regional financing for the realization of plans in the advanced cities 50.000 inhabitants. It objects are: * monitoring, the payment, the order and a better management of the goodses of transport in the city (Interreg III - City Port MEROPE); * platforms of distribution, with the equipment necessary of the ITC for the management and the exchange of information; * the substitution of the old vehicle with others "low emission
Mobility strategies
Urban air pollution is one of the main environmental issues in Italy. Transport is the principal driving force in terms of air pollutant emissions: it accounts for the majority of PM10, NOx, COV and CO emissions. Among the assessed measures, those concerned with sustainable mobility are generally of lowmedium dimension in terms of impact on urban territory and local mobility system. The working group instituted for the technical Ministry Commission on the Emergency Italian Atmospheric pollution (CNEIA) strategies Reduction of all the polluting emissions in order to reduce the medium yearly concentrations in atmosphere of PM10 of 30% on national base. quantification of environmental benefits will be estimate; 1 billion Euro / year to new projects and new policies. to assess future mobility
What is needed ?
* Reducing pollution from vehicle exhaust. The diverse mixture of traffic coupled with poor traffic management systems, poor maintenance of most commercial vehicles
and lack of proper monitoring and enforcement of existing laws, rules and regulations are the main causes of environmental pollution in the city. Motor vehicles contribute from the emission exhausts. * Meanwhile the Italian Government has approved national policies to emission testing as part of the vehicles fitness test (Bollino Blu), encourage the use of CNG by vehicles, vehicles capable of CNG propulsion, encourage the conversion of existing petrol driven vehicles to CNG and fix price differentials between CNG and petrol driven vehicles. * To enhance user awareness on alternative and sustainable modes of transport.