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International Journal of Computers & Distributed Systems Volume 1, Issue 2, August, 2012
Role of Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer In Enabling the Communication over the Inter-Networks
Jagdeep Singh Gill
Research Scholar Manav Bharti University, Solan
ABSTRACT
A digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM, often pronounced dee-slam) is a network device, often located in the telephone exchanges of the telecommunications operators. It connects multiple customer digital subscriber line (DSL) interfaces to a high-speed digital communications channel using multiplexing techniques. The DSLAM equipment collects the data from its many modem ports and aggregates their voice and data traffic into one complex composite "signal" via multiplexing. Depending on its device architecture and setup, a DSLAM aggregates the DSL lines over its Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), frame relay, and/or Internet Protocol network (i.e., an IP-DSLAM using PTM-TC [Packet Transfer Mode - Transmission Convergence]) protocol(s) stack.A DSLAM may or may not be located in the telephone exchange, and may also serve multiple data and voice customers within a neighborhood serving area interface, sometimes in conjunction with a digital loop carrier. DSLAMs are also used by hotels, lodges, residential neighborhoods, and other businesses operating their own private telephone exchange In addition to being a data switch and multiplexer, a DSLAM is also a large collection of modems. Each modem on the aggregation card communicates with a single subscriber's DSL modem. This modem functionality is integrated into the DSLAM itself instead of being done via an external device like a traditional computer modem. By placing additional DSLAMs at locations remote from the telephone exchange, telephone companies provide DSL service to locations previously beyond effective range.
and will continue at a greatly increased pace through the next decade in a number of communities in the U.S. and elsewhere. Compaq, Intel, and Microsoft working with telephone companies have developed a standard and easier-to-install form of ADSL called G.Lite that is accelerating deployment. DSL is expected to replace ISDN in many areas and to compete with the cable modem in bringing multimedia and 3D to homes and small businesses.
Keywords
DSLAM, Bandwidth, DSL, ATM-DSLAM, B-RASS, Ethernet, Telephone line, xDSL, ADSL, HDSL, RADSL, Twisted Pair, Digital Signal, Analog Signal, Multiplexer, IPDSLAM
1. INTRODUCTION
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology for bringing high- bandwidth information to homes and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines. xDSL refers to different variations of DSL, such as ADSL, HDSL, and RADSL. Assuming your home or small business is close enough to a telephone company central office that offers DSL service, you may be able to receive data at rates up to 6.1 megabits (millions of bits) per second (of a theoretical 8.448 megabits per second), enabling continuous transmission of motion video, audio, and even 3-D effects. More typically, individual connections will provide from 1.544 Mbps to 512 Kbps downstream and about 128 Kbps upstream. A DSL line can carry both data and voice signals and the data part of the line is continuously connected. DSL installations began in 1998
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International Journal of Computers & Distributed Systems Volume 1, Issue 2, August, 2012
digital data streams coming from a number of subscribers onto a single high-capacity uplink (ATM or Gigabit Ethernet backhaul) to the Internet Service Provider. At the ISP the aggregated data from multiple subscribers is processed by the Broadband Remote Access Server (B-RAS) which authenticates the subscribers credentials, validates the users access policies and routes the data to its respective destinations on the Internet.
(Fig.1: - DSLAM and B-RASS Device) This is an extremely simplistic outline of the DSL access network flow but it carries the message that what really makes DSL happen are the DSL modems and DSLAM and B-RAS devices.
capacity, performance and scalability of a DSLAM have become key differentiating factors on which purchasing and deployment decisions are often cast.
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International Journal of Computers & Distributed Systems Volume 1, Issue 2, August, 2012
complexes or university campuses and serving relatively limited number of homogenous subscribers.
ADSL2+, SDSL and VDSL, etc and therefore these devices accommodate for multiple xDSL line card types.
3.4.2 By architecture
Centralized or driven by central processing unit typically embedded in the uplink module and distributed where some or all traffic processing is done on the line cards each equipped with powerful NP. As mentioned in the previous chapter, majority of high-end modern DSLAMs have distributed architecture.
4.1 Throughput
As DSLAM must provide committed to bandwidth to all served subscribers, bandwidth or throughput characteristics of a DSLAM play key role in sizing and performance analysis. Typically DSLAMs are measured for their aggregate sustainable throughput using all line interfaces using different types of traffic (packet sizes, session volumes) and in various
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International Journal of Computers & Distributed Systems Volume 1, Issue 2, August, 2012
[5] Windsor Oaks Group LLC. Market Share Snapshot: DSL Port Shipments Reach Record Levels in 1Q05, May 2005
subscriber traffic processing scenarios (with IGMP Snooping, QoS, AAA, etc depending on the DSLAM capabilities).
5. CONCLUSION
Like traditional voice-band modems, a DSLAM's integrated DSL modems usually have the ability to probe the line and to adjust themselves to electronically or digitally compensate for forward echoes and other bandwidth-limiting factors in order to move data at the maximum connection rate capability of the subscriber's physical line. This compensation capability also takes advantage of the better performance of "balanced line" DSL connections, providing capabilities for LAN segments longer than physically similar unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Ethernet connections, since the balanced line type is generally required for its hardware to function correctly. This is due to the nominal line impedance (measured in Ohms but comprising both resistance and inductance) of balanced lines being somewhat lower than that of UTP, thus supporting 'weaker' signals (however the solid-state electronics required to construct such digital interfaces is more costly.
6. REFERENCES
[1] Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer iec.org. Archieved from the original on 2008-01-24 [2] Upgardion from DSL to DSLAM, Wikipedia.com [3] Understanding DSLAM and B-RASS Access devices white papers published by Agilent Technologies, 2006. [4] Infonetics. Service Provider Routers and Switches: Quarterly Report, August 2005.
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