AP World Rome/China/India/Greece Essay Preparation Rome (753 BCE600 CE) Republic (507-31 BCE) Principate (63 BCE-14 CE)

Empire (13-600 CE) Political Empire(13-600 CE)/Republic (507-31 BCE) (included Senate) hilltop communities, urban centers (urban populace benefited most) Plebeians/ Patricians Paterfamilias. They got in a Conflict of Orders) China (206 BCE220 CE) Qin (221207 BCE) Han (206 BCE- 220 CE) Athenians(1000500 BCE) India (1500 BCE-300 CE) Gupta (320-550 CE) Mauryans (324-184 BCE)

Qin (221-207 BCE)/Han (206 BC-220 CE) dynasty (dictatorship) Mandate of Heaven

Athenian Empire (dictatorship), Democracy; used navy to force Delian League together, Maintained central government; City-states Stressed individualism (Plato, Aristotle, Socrates) Farmers were forced to fight while the rich took their land while they were away.

Gupta (320-550 CE)/ Mauryan Mauryan had central power, Gupta empire was less centralized/ theater state Caste system based on varna, or skin color. Aryas, Dasas

Social

Confucianism; stressed obedience and hierarchy

Religious/ Cultural/Belie f Systems

Polytheistic Roman Religion Christianity (Byzantine)

Confucianism, Polytheistic Daoism, Legalism, Greek Religion Buddhism (towards the end of the Han dynasty) Indian Ocean Maritime System, Silk Road, land based trade Wheel, Paper, Compass, Crossbow, stirrup, Trade in the Mediterranean Sea, sea based trade Architecture, philosophy

Hinduism (Gupta)/ Buddhism(Maur yans)

Economic

Trade in the Mediterranean Sea Architecture, roads, bridges, aqueducts

Indian Ocean Maritime System, Silk road Zero concept, place value system

Intellect or Arts

steel Geography Mediterranean Huang He River Sea, Caspian Sea, and Yangzi River, Black Sea, Indian Ocean; Atlantic Ocean; maritime empire over- dependent on peasant class separation of rich and poor, grew wine rather than wheat, weak rulers Nomadic Invasion Spent money on defenses-> higher taxes-> loss of civilian loyalty Mediterranean sea; tip of Balkan peninsula, natural separation Rebellion from Sparta (Peloponnesian war) squandered resources weak, open to attack from Persian Empire

math/science Surrounded by mountains, river basins of ganges and indus river Weak rulers; final emperor assassinated

Decline and Fall

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The Athenian and Han empires developed similar ways to rule their citizens as a result of having large empires. The Athenians abused the contract of the Delian League, which locked other city states in and forced them to pay taxes to Athens. This style of tyrannical ruling led to the eventual overthrowing of Athens. Similarly, in the Han empire, the emperor ruled oppressively. His excuse was the Mandate of Heaven, which justified his actions as the word of the gods. As any attempt to overthrow his rule would be going against the gods. The Athenians style of ruling is in part due to the fact that the Athenian empire was scattered across the Mediterranean, making it difficult to form a strong, centralized government. MINE Prompt: CC China+Greece 300BC-300CE

good direct comparison not topic sentence

<The Han and the Greeks governments were governed differently. Bad topic sentence.> While the monarchy of Greece split into three kingdoms, China stayed united even through the transition from the Qin dynasty to the Han. Greece, after King Alexanders death, found itself unable to stay cohesive and split into three kingdoms, the Seleucid, Ptolemy, and Antigonid monarchies. The size of Alexander the Greats kingdom was too large, and with his unexpected death at the age of 32, the heirless kingdom could not have possibly stayed united. In contrast to the Greek empire, China had a supreme leader and government, the Qin dynasty, led by Shi Huang Di. Although that dynasty only lasted for a handful of years, the Han dynasty immediately took over the ruling after the Qins fall. The Han ruled under the Mandate of Heaven, making its message to the people that the government is for the people. The Hun dynasty could stay united, not only because of its lack of invaders due to its seclusion from other

peoples because of Chinas surrounding natural barriers, but also there was less motivation to resist from the empire since it ruled by the Mandate of Heaven, and therefore, rulers governed to the best of their ability.
Jerry He Mauryans Vs Romans Unity was more difficult to achieve for the Mauryans than the Romans. - System of varna created social class divisions where people were only concerned about those in their own caste. - The patron/client relationship of the Romans encouraged higher classes to interact with lower classes because both benefited from the exchange. - Additionally, states that the Romans had conquered were granted Roman citizenship. - The people of Rome had more opportunities than the Mauryans, who were born into a class and stuck with it. They became inclined to stay united because they received benefits from doing so. The Romans were more capable of defending themselves from foreign threats, whereas the Mauryans were frequently attacked. - Being at the center of the Mediterranean and many trade routes, Rome conquered neighboring states and - Himalayan mountains prevent Mauryans from conquering other states Nomadic warriors could attack from the northwest and then retreat without being chased. Jerry He Mauryans Vs Han China Monarchs maintain power by popularising beliefs that agreed with them. - Confucianism agreed with already prevalent Chinese beliefs about family and duty. - Ashoka was able to keep his empire united by spreading Buddhism across the land, creating a positive image of himself and the empire. Han China is more reluctant than India to share knowledge along trade routes. - Discovery of silk was kept a closely guarded secret. Gave China an economic advantage along the Silk Road due to the fact that silk was very valuable. - Mauryans carefully monitored travelers, provided lodges and protected merchants with the army from bandits. China Vs Athenians Geography resulted in different trading networks Ruling style -Athenians ruled oppressively over other city-states by using the Delian League to their advantage, collecting taxes and storing the money in its treasury. -China used the Mandate of Heaven in order to rule over its empire tyrannically.