_____ is a method of investigating nature--a way of knowing about nature--that discovers reliable knowledge about it.

_____ evidence is evidence that one can see, hear, touch taste, or smell; it is evidence that is susceptible to one's senses. A scientific idea that might solve a problem (or explain it) is called a(n)_____. The practice of logical thinking is called rationalism. (True or False) Which is NOT part of the scientific method? The first step in the scientific method is to state the _____. You should NOT gather data until you prove your theory. (True or False) The theory comes before the hypothesis. (True or False) SI (system international) is just exactly like English measures, just with different words. (True or False) The prefix MEGA means 1,000,000. (True or False) The prefix DEKA means 10. (True or False) The prefix DECI means one-thousandth. (True or False) The prefix KILO means 1,000. (True or False) Water freezes at 10 degrees Celsius. (True or False) Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (True or False) The prefix CENTI means 10. (True or False) Several people become ill after eating lunch at a popular fast food restaurant. Which of the following statements is a hypothesis? A. Symptoms include nausea and dizziness B. The manager felt bad about it C. Everyone who eat the hamburger got sick D. Bacteria in the hamburger may have caused the illness E. People who eat the fish sandwich did not get sick A hypothesis is a proven theory. (True or False) There are four qualities of a good experiment. Which one of the items below in NOT one of those qualities? A. There must be a control group B. Limit of factor ( one one vaiable) C. Clearly define what you will be testing D. You must pay the human subjects of an experiment for accuracy. E. There must be enough samples

Which of the following would NOT make a good measurement? A. Size B. Color C. Temperature D. Sad E. Physical state F. Shape G. Texture Proof means consistency. Consistency means the same results are reached over and over again. (True or False) ______ is the prefix used for 1,000,000,000. The meter is used as the base unit for _____ in SI. Degree of Celsius is the base unit for _____ in SI. The second is the base unit for _____ in SI. _____ degrees Celsius is the normal temperature for the human body. The liter is used for the base unit of weight in SI. (True or False)

You must make a _____ % or higher on the written final exam. This theory was created by Antoine Lavoisier and its definition is that mass can not be created nor destroyed. A. Law of Definite Proportions B. Law of Multiple Proportions C. Law of Conservation of Mass D. Atomic Theory E. Avogardro's Hypothesis This theory states that a given compound will always contain exactly the same proportion of elements by weight. A. Law of Definite Proportions B. Law of Multiple Proportions C. Law of Conservation of Mass D. Atomic Theory E. Avogardro's Hypothesis The neutron is the _____ charged particle of an atom and is found in the nucleus. A. Positive B. Negative C. Neutral The _____ is at the center of the atom and contains the protons and neutrons.

The _____ is the positive charged particle of an atom found inside the nucleus. The _____ is the negative charged particle of an atom which orbits the nucleus. The _____ has no charged and is found inside the nucleus of an atom.

This theory postulated (stated) that when two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the first element can always be reduce to small whole numbers. In common terms, in compounds there can not be half of an atom. A. Law of Definite Proportions B. Law of Multiple Proportions C. Law of Conservation of Mass D. Atomic Theory E. Avogardro's Hypothesis The electrons orbit the nucleus which contain the protons and neutrons. (True or False) Each element is made up of tiny particles called atoms. The atoms of a given element are identical. Chemical compounds are formed when atoms combine with each other. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms. Chemical reactions involve the reorganization of the atoms. A. Law of Definite Proportions B. Law of Multiple Proportions C. Law of Conservation of Mass D. Atomic Theory E. Avogardro's Hypothesis This theory said that if two gases occupy the same volumes at the same temperature and pressure, then the number of particles in each gas will be the same. A. Law of Definite Proportions B. Law of Multiple Proportions C. Law of Conservation of Mass D. Atomic Theory E. Avogardro's Hypothesis J.J. Thomson, while experimenting with a cathode and electricity, he discovered that atoms contain negatively charged particles called _____. The electron is the _____ charge particle in an atom that orbits the nucleus.

Rutherford shot alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. Most particles went straight through the gold foil. This led him to believe that atoms are very spacious and have lots of open space in them. Some of the particles got bent on their way through when they came close to the positively charged _____. A _____ has no definite shape but definite volume.

The protons is the _____ charged particle of an atom and is found inside the nucleus. A _____ has a definite shape and volume. Late in the nineteen century, Henri Becquerel discovered that certain elements spontaneously emit high energy which was called _____. A _____ had neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. (True or False) _____ are compounds that contain more than one atom of the same or different type of atom. _____ are atoms or groups of atoms with a net positive or negative charge (when an atom gains or loses electrons). An acid is a substance with H+ in it. For example. H+ and Cl- form HCl, which is an acid. (True or False) Elements react with other elements based on the number of protons in their outer shell. (True or False) The Periodic Table is arranged into columns and rows. (True or False) The ion with the positive charge (cation) is always written before the ion with the negative charge (anion). (True or False) Binary ionic compounds means two ions, one that is positive in charge (cation) and one that is negative in charge (anion) that react to form a compound. (True or False) Binary ionic compounds result from two ions of same charges reacting with each other. (True or False) The Periodic Table--elements in the first column have 1 electron in their outer shell. (True or False) The Periodic Table--elements in the second colunm have 3 electrons in their outer shell. (True or False) The Periodic Table--elements in the last column have a ____ shell of electrons. If two elements are close to each other in the Periodic Table, they will most likely have similar properties. (True or False) The electric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together. (True or False) The atom's nucleus is composed of electrons and neutrons. (True or False) The electrons are more massive that the nucleus of an atom. (True or False) Fusion is the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller pieces. (True or False) Fission is the joining of two nuclei at extremely high temperature and pressure. (True or False) Atoms interact with each other by transferring or sharing _____ from the outermost shell. Solids, liquids, and gases differ in the distance between molecules or atoms and therefore the energy

that binds them together. (True or False) In conducting materials, electrons flow easily; whereas, in insulating materials, they can hardly flow at all. (True or False) A substance with a high concentration of OH- ions is called a base. (True or False) When an acid combines with a base, they produce a salt. (True or False) In the Periodic Table, the elements are arranged left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number. (True or False) The number of neutrons in an atom is referred to as the atomic number of that element. (True or False) Elements react with other elements based on the number of electrons in their outer shell. (True or False) The atomic mass of an atom is the sum expressed in amu of the mass of protons and neutrons in an atom. (True or False) The element Oxygen symbol is _____. The element Carbon symbol is _____. The element Hydrogen symbol is _____. Cl is the symbol for _____. Fe is the symbol for _____. Cu is the symbol for _____. The atomic number for Oxygen is _____. The atomic number for Hydogen is _____. The atomic number for Cl is _____. The atomic number for C is _____. _____ are solids at room temperature except mercury. A. Metals B. Nonmetals _____ are poor conductors of heat and electricity. A. Metals B. Nonmetals _____ have only one electron in their outer energy level and are highly reactive and readily give up this electron. A. Alkali metals B. Metals C. Noble gases

D. Nonmetals E. Halogens _____ is estimated to make up more than 90% of all the atoms of the universe. _____ is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature. An ounce of _____ can be stretched into a wire 50 miles long. _____ is used in fire works. _____ is used to make pennies and in electrical wiring. Some elements have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. They are called metalloids. Examples are Silicon, Germanium, Boron, and Arsenic. (True or False) Objects change their _____ only when a net force is applied. Laws of _____ are used to describe the effects of forces on the _____ of objects. (same word is used for each blank) A. Work B. Energy C. Waves D. Motion Gravity is a universal force that each mass exerts on every other mass. (True or False) The electrical force is a universal force that exists between any two charged objects. Oposite charges attract while like charges repel. (True or False) Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of single electromagnetic force. (True or False) Force equals mass times acceleration or F = M x A. (True or False) Gravity equals 1.23 miles/hour. (True or False) _____ equals one joule per second. (Seen on light bulbs, example 60 W) A. Watts B. Amps C. Ohm D. Volts _____ is electric resistance, equal to volts divided by amps, V/A A. Watts B. Amps C. Ohm D. Volts _____ is the amount of current, V=W/A A. Watts B. Amps C. Ohm

D. Volts The total energy of the universe is constant. Energy can be transferred in many ways, but it can neither be created nor destroyed. (True or False) The energy of motion is called potential energy. (True or False) Kinetic energy is energy that measures how much work or force or energy an object has stored in it. (True or False) The universe becomes less orderly and less organized over time. (True or False) No mater how well a machine may be made, some of its energy is lost as heat. (True or False) A microwave oven makes water molecules move faster and faster. This causes the water to cool. (True or False) Waves, such as sound or seismic, can transfer energy when they interact with matter. (True or False) Electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays, result when a charged object is accelerated. (True or False) Apparent changes in _____ can provide information about relative motion. A. Frequency B. Wavelength C. Color D. Politics _____ is the distance between two crests or two troughs of a wave. A. Frequency B. Wavelength C. Trough D. Crest E. Height F. Amplitude _____ is the high point of the wave. A. Frequency B. Wavelength C. Trough D. Crest E. Height F. Amplitude _____ is half of the height of a wave. A. Frequency B. Wavelength C. Trough D. Crest E. Height F. Amplitude

_____ is the number of complete waves, or complete cycles of a wave. A. Frequency B. Wavelength C. Trough D. Crest E. Height F. Amplitude _____ is the low point of a wave. A. Frequency B. Wavelength C. Trough D. Crest E. Height F. Amplitude Insects often see _____. A "black light" produces _____, and florescent paints can absorb _____ and resonate back visible light. (use the same word in all blanks) _____ has a longer wavelength than visible light, can be used in cooking and communication with satellites. White light is made up of all the colors of _____. _____ radiation is a form of heat, like from the sun, fire, or radiator, also can be used in special lamps to heat food in fast food restaurants, and used in the TV's remote control. _____ light has shorter wavelengths than the violet color of visible light, can be seen by insects and also causes our skin to burn. _____ have very short wavelengths, high energy, can be used to make prints of bones on film. _____ have the highest energy, shortest wavelength, can kill living cells, and can be used to scan metal. The color _____ has the shortest wavelength of visible light. The color _____ has the longest wavelength of visible light. Photons are the smallest (quantum) unit of light/electromagnetic energy. (True or False) The speed of light is 186,000 miles per second. (True or False) Einstein's Theory of Relativity implies that nothing can go faster than the speed of light. (True or False) Water vapor acts like a prism and can break up white light into different colors to cause a rainbow to appear. (True or False)