Transformer Protection relay IM30-T

1.0 Introduction IM30-T relay offers following protections for Transformer feeders : a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) 2.0 3.0 Over Current Low set IDMT or Definite time Over Current High set Instantaneous or Time delayed Earth Fault Low set IDMT or definite time Earth fault Highset Instantaneous or time delayed Current Unbalance - Low set -Inverse time Current Unbalance High set Definite time Thermal Over load Thermal status alarm Breaker Failure

Relay Architecture : As per Operating Manual Wiring of IM30-T Im30-T receives inputs from 3 CTs of R,Y,B phases of the transformer Py or Sy.

25 27 29

32

IM30T Relay

-2Wire the CTs as shown ain the diagram. Short the terminals 26-28, 39-41 Short 30-31 if CT sy is 5A Short 30- 33 if CT sy is 1 A. Connect Vaux to 12.13 Connect R1 relay contacts for trip function Connect R2 relay contacts for Alarm function. 4. Settings in IM30-T Refer Table-1 below Description of Parameter Mains frequency Py. Rating of Phase CT Py. Rated current of E/F CT What / How to set Set 50 Hz Set rated py. Current of Ph. CTs Set rated Py current of CBCT if used. Otherwise, set same as In. Transformer Full load current Calculate full load current of interms of In transformer. Devide it by In. Winding heating time constant Please see Note 1 Permissible continuous over load Set 1.05 Iron heating time cinstant Please see Note 1. Trip time delay of I 2T element Thermal pre-alarm status Trip time characteristics for low set over current protection. Pick up level for low set O/C TMS setting for low set O/C Pick up level for high set O/C Time delay for high set O/C Trip time characteristics for low set Earth fault protection Pick up level for low set E/F TMS setting for low set E/F Please see Note 2. Set 90% Set D for definte time or A for normal Inverse Set 140% Set 1.3 sec Set 3 Set 200 ms Set D for definte time or A for normal Inverse Set 10% Set 1.3 sec

Setting Fn In On It tw Ib W tf T2 Ta/n F(I>) I> tI> I>> TI>> F(O>) O> TO>

O>> TO>> 1Is t1Is 2Is t2Is tBf 2I>>

Pick up level for high set E/F Time delay for high set E/F Pick up level for Low set Negative Sequence protection TMS setting for low set Neg. Seq. protection Pick up level for Highset Negative Sequence protection TMS setting for low set Neg. Seq. protection Time delay for Breaker failure Auto doubling feature

Set 2 Set 200 ms Set 20% Set 2 Set 50% Set 1 Sec Set 200 ms Set on

Note 1 : Winding time constant tw & Iron time constant tF Thermal overload protection is generally not considered essential for transformers with RTD sensors and Bucholz relays. However thermal over load protection is important for large size transformers(above 5 MVA), where large unbalance currents and frequent short duration overloads can produce over heationg. In addition, wherever auto reclosing is implemented, thermal overload properly calculates the thermal status, taking into account the number of reclosures and the trip currents. In these cases RTD and Bucholz sensing may not be adequate. Thermal overload protection is the best. To provide thermal overload protection, two parameters have to be set in IM30-T relay. These are winding time constant tw and iron time constant tf. These time constants depend on the short circuit impedance and the short circuit withstand capacity at secondary terminals of the transformer. As per IEC standards, short circuit withstand capacity is 2 sec. The impedance will depend on the type of design- normally around 5 to 12%).

Let us consider a transformer on full load it has reached a steady state temperature. Now a short circuit occurs. From the protection point of view, there are two conditions to be met :

a) temperature of the windings should not exceed 1.5 times the rated temperature within 2 sec b) temperature of oil/iron should not exceed 1.1 times the rated temperature within 2 sec. We have to calculate the time constants , with the above requirements in mind. 2 Tw = ( A2 1) 60 ln ( A2 1.5) whwre A = 100/ Xs Let Xs = 5%. Then A = 20. 2 tw = ( 400 1) 60 ln ( 400 1.5) = 26 min. 2 tf = ( 400 1) 60 ln Xs= short circuit impedance

( 400 1.1) = 132 min. Note 2 : I2T protection : This is mostly used to protect transformer accessories like booster windings, no load tap changer etc. or in cases where excessive harmonics are present. It provides a protection based on the energy consumed by the transformer at any time instead of going by the level of currents. The element picks up whenever the current exceeds 2 times the rated current. The trip occurs based on the following equation : 4 x T2 T= (I/It)2 The typical trip times for various valus of I/It and T2 will be : I/It 2 3 4 6 8 T2 = 2 2.0 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.1 T2 = 4 4.0 1.8 1.0 0,5 0.3 T2 = 6 6.0 2.7 1.5 0.7 0.4 T2 = 8 8.0 3.6 2.0 0.9 0.5

As can be seen, I2T provides a protection , which can come into force even before the thermal over load protection and save the transformer, whenever currents exceed two times rated.