Answer Key - AP Chemistry Summer Assignment # 1 1. How many significant figures are there in each of the following values?

a.) 0.002330 4 significant figures e.) 0.0002 1 significant figure b.) 13.00 4 significant figures f.) 2200.0 5 significant figures c.) 322.1221 7 significant figures g.) 0.0331120 6 significant figures d.) 1204.30 6 significant figures 2. Perform the indicated calculations on the following measured values, giving the final answer with the correct number of significant figures. a.) 16.81 + 3.2257 = 20.0357 20.04 b.) 324.6 815.991 = 264870.6786 264900 c.) 2.85 + 3.4621 + 1.3 = 7.6121 7.6 d.) 7.442 7.429 = 0.013 e.) 1.65 14 = 23.1 23 f.) 27 / 4.148 = 6.509161 6.5 g.) [(3.901 3.887) / 3.901] 1.00 = [0.014 / 3.901] 1.00 = 0.0036 1.00 = 0.0036 h.) 6.404 2.91 (18.7 17.1) = 6.404 2.91 1.6 30. 3. A sample of motor oil with a mass of 440 g occupies 500 mL. What is the density of the motor oil? m 440 g d = 0.88g/mL d 0.9g/mL d= d= v 500 mL 4. The density of an object is 16.3 g/mL. Its volume is 0.125 L. What is the mass of the object? 16.3 g 1000 mL = 16300 g/L 1 mL 1L
d= m v 16300 g/L = m 0.125 mL m = 16300 0.125 m = 2037.5g m 2040g

5. A sample of uranium weighing 30.923 g was dropped in a graduated cylinder containing 22.30 mL of water. The volume of the water plus the sample was 23.90 mL. What is the density of uranium? Volume = 23.90 mL 22.30 mL = 1.60 mL m 30.923 g d = 19.33 g/mL d 19.3 g/mL d= d= v 1.60 mL
6. How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in each of the following ions? b.) mass #40, atomic #20, 2+ charge a.) mass #56, atomic #26, 3+ charge 26 protons 20 protons 56 26 = 30 neutrons 40 20 = 20 neutrons 26 3 = 23 electrons 20 2 = 18 electrons c.) mass #19, atomic #9, 1 charge d.) mass #31, atomic #15, 3 charge 9 protons 15 protons 19 9 = 10 neutrons 31 15 = 16 neutrons 9 + 1 =10 electrons 15 + 3 =18 electrons e.) mass #127, atomic #53, 1 charge f.) mass #127, atomic #53, 7+ charge 53 protons 53 protons 127 53 = 74 neutrons 127 53 = 74 neutrons 53 + 1 = 54 electrons 53 7 = 46 electrons

7. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers (n, l, m, s) best describes the valence electron of highest energy in a ground-state gallium atom (atomic number 31)? Draw the orbital energy diagram for gallium. Gallium (atomic #31) Quantum Numbers: n=4 l=1 m = -1 or 1 s= Answer: C

8. Given the position in the periodic table, what is the most likely oxidation state that each element will have when forming an ion? +1 d.) K +1 a.) Cs b.) N 3 e.) Al +3 c.) Br 1 f.) S 2 9. Would you expect the following atoms to gain or lose electrons when forming an ion? If so, how many would be gained or lost? a.) Be 1 lost d.) O 2 gained b.) Cl 1 gained e.) F 1 gained c.) Al 3 lost f.) Li 1 lost 10. Name each of the following compounds: a.) PbI2 Lead (II) Iodide b.) NH4Cl Ammonium Chloride c.) Fe2O3 Iron (III) Oxide d.) LiH Lithium Hydride Cesium Chloride e.) CsCl f.) Cr(OH)3 Chromium (III) Hydroxide g.) NaC2H3O2 Sodium Acetate h.) K2Cr2O7 Potassium Dichromate i.) Na2SO4 Sodium Sulfate 11. Name each of the following compounds. In addition, for the compounds in letters a-c, draw Lewis structures, predict VSEPR geometry and hybridization. a.) NI3 Nitrogen Triiodide Trigonal pyramidal sp3 hybridization

b.) PCl5

Phosphorus Pentachloride Trigonal bipyramidal sp3d hybridization

c.) CO

Carbon Monoxide Linear sp hybridization

d.) P4O10 e.) N2O4 f.) NH3

Tetraphosphorus Decaoxide Dinitrogen Tetraoxide Ammonia

12. Molecules that have geometries in one plane include which of the following? Draw the Lewis structures to prove your point.

(A.) I only BCl3

II. CHCl3

III. NCl3

13. The electron-dot structure (Lewis structure) for which of the following molecules would have two lone pairs of electrons on the central atom? Again, draw the Lewis structures to prove your point. A.) H2S has two lone pairs NH3 CH4 HCN CO2

14 17

Molecule (a) C2H2 (b) H2O

15. VSEPR geometry 16. Polar or Nonpolar Linear Nonpolar Bent Polar

17. Intermolecular Forces (IMFs)

London dispersion forces (lowest boiling point)

(c) NH3 (d) SeCl4

Pyramidal Seesaw

Polar Polar

Hydrogen bonding (highest boiling point based on what I would have expected you to know.) Hydrogen bonding Dipole-dipole forces ( technically the highest boiling point)
London dispersion forces Londondispersion forces

(e) XeF2 (f) CCl4

Linear Tetrahedral

Nonpolar Nonpolar

18. Name each of the following compounds: Tetraphosphorus Hexoxide a.) P4O6 b.) KOH Potassium Hydroxide c.) N2 Nitrogen Phosphorus trihydride (Phosphine) d.) PH3 e.) BF3 Boron Triflouride Silver Chloride f.) AgCl Potassium Bicarbonate g.) KHCO3 h.) AgNO3 Silver Nitrate

19. Write formulas for each of the following compounds: a.) Sodium Cyanide NaCN b.) Tin (II) Flouride SnF2 Pb(NO3)2 c.) Lead (II) Nitrate d.) Iron (III) Oxide Fe2O3 Ca3(PO4)2 e.) Calcium Phosphate f.) Sodium Bromate NaBrO3 g.) Hydrogen Iodide HI Na2SO4 h.) Sodium Sulfate i.) Manganese Dioxide MnO2 KClO3 j.) Potassium Chlorate k.) Potassium Hypochlorite KClO l.) Lithium Hydride LiH m.) Barium Chloride BaCl2 n.) Magnesium Oxide MgO o.) Copper (I) Oxide Cu2O 20. Give the names of the following acids: a.) H2SO3 Sulfuric acid b.) HI Hydroiodic acid c.) HBr Hydrobromic acid d.) HNO2 Nitrous acid e.) H3PO4 Phosphoric acid f.) HCl Hydrochloric acid 21. Give the formulas for the following acids: a.) Nitric acid HNO3 b.) Hydrofluoric acid HF c.) Sulfuric acid H2SO4 d.) Hydrocyanic acid HCN e.) Acetic acid CH3CO2H

22. Give the names of the seven diatomic elements: a.) H2 Hydrogen e.) Cl2 b.) N2 Nitrogen f.) I2 c.) O2 Oxygen g.) Br2 d.) F2 Fluorine

Chlorine Iodine Bromine

23. Solve the following problems involving scientific notation without a calculator. a.) (2 103)(4 104) = (2 4)(103 104) = 8 107 = 80,000,000 b.) (6 105 )(7 106) = (6 7)(105 106) = 42 1011 = 4,200,000,000,000 c.) (7 104)(5 106)(3 102) = (7 5 3)(104 106 102) = 105 1012 = 105,000,000,000,000 d.) (2 10 7) / (8 103) = (2 / 8) (107 / 103) = 0.25 104 = 2,500 e.) (4 106) / (2 104) = (4 / 2) (106 / 104) = 2 102 = 200 f.) (2 103) / (4 10-8) = (2 / 4) (103 / 10-8) = 0.5 1011 = 50,000,000,000 g.) = = = (30 / 5) (1012 / 104) = 6 108 = 600,000,000 h.) = = 0.5 104 = 5,000 = = (20 / 40) (103 / 10-1)

Many thanks to Bhavini Kunvarjee and Pranav Patel