Intelligent Electrical System

"A Pre-requisite to Smart Grid

Manvendra Tewari

WIPRO TECHNOLOGIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction .......................................................................................... 3 2. Step towards Smart Grid The Intelligent Electrical System................. 3 3. What is an Intelligent Electrical System?................................................4 4. Components of Intelligent Electrical System..........................................5
4.1 Self Healing Network .....................................................................................................................5 4.2 Dynamic Network Model............................................................................................................... 5 4.3 Business Integration Framework ...................................................................................................6

5. How does technology fit in?.................................................................. 7 6. Benefits ................................................................................................. 8 7. Approach ...............................................................................................9 8. Conclusion........ .....................................................................................9 9. Appendix..............................................................................................10
9.1 References............. ..................................................................................................................... 10 9.2 About the Author.........................................................................................................................10

Intelligent Electrical System: A Pre-requisite to Smart Grid

This whitepaper presents the thoughts for transforming as-built electrical connectivity data into an intelligent electrical system for smart-grid-compliant operational systems. Intelligent Electrical System being proposed is an IT-enabled, information-led, electrical network that provides more reasons and opportunities for better operational efficiency. It establishes and continually verifies electrical connectivity between primary devices to meters by improvising the AMI devices. This new system enables self diagnosis and establishes the voyage towards self healing network. The system architecture being proposed further empowers utilities in optimizing resource utilization and enhanced customer satisfaction by integrating geospatial and grid semantic data with the system components like Outage Management System, Load Management etc. The discussion will address various components, technologies and principles for the working models. It will also address the benefits and challenges of establishing such amodel to operate in a run time environment.

Introduction
Transmission and distribution systems across most parts of the sphere are still operating on network designs and control philosophies that are decades old. The electric networks are steadfastly approaching their limits and facing acute concerns as far as reliability, scalability, quality and security is concerned. No economy, howsoever developed, can sustain its competitiveness and voyage in the growth path without the reliable, secure and digital-quality electric power. In their efforts to approach this desired state of network operations, utilities are keeping tab on a bigger concept, i.e., Smart Grid. Smart Grid concept is creating lot of interest among the stakeholders and the efforts are continuously being made towards preparing the roadmap to achieve it. Unfortunately, when it comes to Smart Grid roadmap, one size doesnt fit all! Each utility has to devise its own roadmap and identify milestones towards achieving Smart Grid.

Smart grid has been recognized as a way of addressing energy independence or global warming issues and therefore, it is being promoted by many governments. The then President-elect; now President Barack Obama asked the US Congress "to act without delay" to pass legislation that included doubling alternative energy production in the next three years and building a new electricity "smart grid".

Step towards Smart Grid The Intelligent Electrical System

It has been widely accepted that Smart Grid is a concept and it will continue to evolve. Utilities need not wait for the Smartgrid-has-arrived stage and should continue their efforts towards accomplishing other practical solutions that will provide immediate benefits as well as prepare them to embrace comprehensive Smart grid technologies, covering wider perspective.

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Intelligent Electrical System: A Pre-requisite to Smart Grid

Intelligent Electrical System is an approach in the similar direction. This system would be a pre-cursor for the utilities, enabling them to implement currently available and more matured solutions that will put the utilities in the path to achieve comprehensive Smart Grid, going forward. The benefit will be that utilities can right away embark on the journey towards reliable production and delivery of energy to customers through real-time, automated control systems. Table below provides a comparison of the benefits of implementing Intelligent Electrical System vis-a-vis Smart Grid. Table 1: Comparison of the benefits of implementing Intelligent Electrical System vis-a-vis Smart Grid.

Characteristics Self Heal Facilitate Customer Participation Optimize Asset Utilization Distributed Generation Resources Demand Response & Demand Side Management Resists Attack Digital Quality Power

Intelligent Electric System Partial Enablement

Smart Grid

Partial Enablement

What is an Intelligent Electrical System?

Currently, due to lack of real-time information the customer comes to know about the energy usage only when the billing cycle is triggered, that could be anything up to 60 days in certain geographies. Other aspects of lack in information could be issues in collecting and analyzing load condition of T&D assets, locating exact fault location in case of outages, and slower response for restoration. It all leads toward unexpected breakdowns, longer outages, slower restoration and un-informed customer. Leading utilities across the globe are striving for establishing a fully inter-connected electrical network system that enables reliable production and delivery of energy to customers through real-time, automated control systems. Intelligent Electrical system is an overlay of information-oriented software and services on top of the existing infrastructure. It is an IT-enabled, information-led electrical network that provides more reasons and opportunities for customer participation and better operational efficiency. Establishing intelligent electrical system will require the utilities to establish:
? Electrical ? Network

grid with series of intelligent devices that can perform self diagnosis and report troubles to the control centre. connectivity model and continuously verify electrical connectivity between primary devices to meters, by integration framework to leverage and connect systems for load management, outage management and energy

improvising AMI devices.

? Business

management. It establishes an electrically connected network right from the transmission station to the metering point in the customers premise and is a practical sub-set of the integrated concepts of Smart Grid, using comprehensive GIS and AMI/MDM systems.

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Intelligent Electrical System: A Pre-requisite to Smart Grid

Components of Intelligent Electrical System

Self Healing Network

One of the important constituents of intelligent electrical system is the self healing network.Establishing the self healing network will include replacing traditional energy metering devices with Smart Meters and series of other intelligent devices on the key assets in the network. It will allow the utility and the customers to automate the information flow and implementing control mechanism for optimizing the service delivery and enhancing customer experience. The exercise will be to deploy series of intelligent devices for monitoring all aspects of the power system by placing sensory devices on key assets, allowing for self diagnostics of the network in case of system disturbances, suggesting corrective actions and/or taking automated corrective actions. Advanced metering and sensory technologies will support such an objective by automating customer service delivery and optimizing energy management. It will support and provide features to the grid for allowing self diagnostics of the network and initiate the process of self healing and demand side management. Implementation of self healing network will also need implementation of business integration framework and infrastructure to enable bi-directional flow of information across the network and control centers.

Dynamic Network Model

Electric network model establishes electrical connectivity from the consumption meter at the end point to the highest level transmission substations by placing all utility assets in a comprehensive GIS system and establishing the inter-connectivity between these assets. GIS system acts as foundation for collecting information and attributes about all key assets and displays them graphically on a contiguous land base. These asset attributes are further utilized to generate connectivity models which serve as a basis for fault diagnostics using the Outage Management Systems (OMS).

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Intelligent Electrical System: A Pre-requisite to Smart Grid

Furthermore, once established, the connectivity model continuously gets feeds during normal operations of the network and especially during catastrophic outages such as a storm. Utilities need to transform static, as-built GIS data into dynamic network model. The system should provide outage analysis on geographic landscape and should be able to support applications like real time network analysis and remote switching.

The connectivity models along with smart monitoring devices also help significantly enhance utilitys ability to identify and rectify outages. The capabilities can be used to verify exact location and extent of outages as well as optimized mobilization of mobile field force to assist in power restoration. In case of catastrophic outages, utility can assess which customer segments are rectified and which are not, and improve customer awareness by publishing appropriate data for viewing.

Business Integration Framework

Collection of the necessary bytes of information from diverse sources will act as the backbone for the entire system architecture. Utilities need to orchestrate business data by establishing an integration framework and building a communication network. Enterprise integration framework would include both, the data integration as well as process integration from the various sources of business and data processing applications. Further to this, another important aspect in all these developments is to support both interoperability and interconnectivity. Interoperability supports deploying manufacturer agnostic communication enablement between the devices. It supports utilities in adopting the products and services from the most competitive vendor and de-risks dependency on any particular technology. Industry-wide datastandards like MultiSpeak and Common Information Model (CIM) comes to rescue for the utility to facilitate interoperability of diverse applications.

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Intelligent Electrical System: A Pre-requisite to Smart Grid

Interconnectivity would support communication enablement with the devices and applications, at both ends of the energy supply chain. It would facilitate utilities to adopt remotely drive demand side management, demand response and onnection/disconnection of services. Utilities should adopt Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and other standard technologies for open integration while building the integration platform. This would help in easy integration of existing enterprise applications as well as future enhancements and third-party applications.

Host of telecommunication technologies (For Example, Internet2, Ethernet over fiber, BPL, 4G WiMax, CDMA, GSM, iDEN, 3G Wireless Voice & Data, WiFi-Wireless, ZigBee, Zensys, WiMedia) are available in market for enterprise backbone, Wide Area Networks (WAN) and Home Area Networks (HAN). Selection of a particular technology and/or combination of those is dependent on the current application landscape as well as the geography over which a utilitys customers are spread.

How does technology fit in?

There is a huge potential for improved service delivery and enhanced customer experience in the utilities industry. As discussed in the earlier section, lack of integrated flow of information across the teams and last mile visibility of the network poses great challenge to the utilities. Technology here has a significant role to play. Integration of applications like Distribution Management System, Energy management System, Geographic Information System, Outage Management System, AMI/MDM, and Work Management facilitate leveraging modern computing capabilities to deliver highly actionable information to a wide range of users, all while meeting the organizations increasing need for real-time information. Advanced capabilities such as network monitoring, contingency analysis, fault handling can go far in giving utilities the power to be successful. An illustrative view of integrated technology landscape is shown below:

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Intelligent Electrical System: A Pre-requisite to Smart Grid

Benefits
Utilities will experience significant improvement in system reliability, asset utilization and customer satisfaction. The information network will bring together the necessary bytes from diverse sources, needed to manage distribution network, while maintaining reliability and quality of supply. The power of intelligence, unleashed by exploiting integrated information, will help utilities to:
? a fully inter-connected single, contiguous model of transmission, distribution and substation assets that enhances Establish

reliability of energy supply and power quality to the customer.

? a hierarchical electrical network model with the capability to perform self-diagnosis,suggesting corrective actions Establish

and reporting to the central control room.

? Trace geographic network; identify exact fault location; its extent, and thus faster restoration for lower CML (Customer

Minutes Lost).
? Support conflict resolution, design alternatives and managing right-of-way. ? integration framework for Intelligent Circuit and Outage Management systems. Establish ? Achieve Service-Oriented integration of services and applications needed to flexibly support utility processes. ?demand side management and facilitates customer participation. Improve ?asset utilization by deploying condition monitoring of critical parameters, condition based maintenance and Improve

dynamic adjustment of operating limits.

? Cost savings due to greater visibility, predictive maintenance, reduced outages, faster restoration and improved asset

utilization.
? Achieve the pre-requisite for establishing a comprehensive Smart Grid ecosystem by marching towards operations

excellence, environment friendliness, and reliability & quality of supply. 8 | www.wipro.com/industryresearch WIPRO TECHNOLOGIES

Intelligent Electrical System: A Pre-requisite to Smart Grid

Approach
The utility should examine the maturity of its electrical network, presence of smart devices (meters, network monitors etc.) and identify opportunities to establish an intelligent electrical system. Approach should also aim towards identifying already present suggested components and the possibility to effectively integrate information silos that might be present. The three essential steps in achieving an intelligent electrical system are::

Conclusion
The intelligent electrical system provides thee utilities real-time information of thee network and the energy supply. It provides opportunity to identify exact fault location and more organised restoration activity. It enables the customer with most updated information and facilitates their participation in energy utilisation.

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Intelligent Electrical System: A Pre-requisite to Smart Grid

Appendix
References
Books
[2008]. The Smart Grid: An Introduction, U.S. Department of Energy.

Journals
? Ipakchi, Implementing the Smart Grid: Enterprise Information Integration [2007]. Ali ? [2008]. Eric Lightner, U.S. Department of Energy Evolution and Progress of Smart Grid Development at the Department of

Energy
? Miller, EEI Annual Convention. The Smart Grid Benefits and Challenges [2008]. Joe

Site References
? [2008]. Stephen Hadden, Shannon Messer. A Useful Thing Happened on the Way to the Smart Grid: the Agile Grid Web site:

http://www.energycentral.com/Topics/T&D Automation/News 7 Editorial/Industry Article

About the Author

Manvendra Tewari is a Domain Consultant working with Wipros Energy & Utilities Domain Consulting Group. He has extensive experience working in energy & utilities domain, both as a business user as well as consultant. He has been part of various large implementations for operational and support systems and is well aware of the processes and best practices involved. He can be reached at manvendra.tewari@wipro.com.

Wipro in Energy & Utilities

The Energy and Utility division of Wipro Technologies is one among the Top 10 IT solution providers to the EE & U industry across the globe. The Energy & Utilities business unit has worked with over 75 top Energy and Utility companies across North America and Europe in regulated as well as deregulated markets providing solutions in areas such as Customer Carre, Billing and Settlement, Work and Asset Management and Grid Operations covering all industry sectors --- Electricity, Gas, Oil and Water. The cumulative experience of over 5,500 person years spans IT Consulting, Systems Integration, Business Process Outsourcing, Application Development and Application Management services.

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Intelligent Electrical System: A Pre-requisite to Smart Grid

ABOUT WIPRO TECHNOLOGIES

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