Class -11th

Biotechnology (sometimes shortened to "biotech") is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products, and it is usually seen in agriculture, food production and medicine production. Modern use of similar terms includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies. Insulin crystals

biological sciences (genetics, microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology,) dependent on knowledge and methods from outside the sphere of biology (chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics). cell biology)

LIFE SCIENCE INDUSTRIES

Biotechnology is not limed to medical/health applications agriculture cultivation of plants may be viewed as the earliest biotechnological enterprise. Agriculture has been theorized to have become the dominant way of producing food since he Neolithic Revolution. highest yields, to produce enough food to support a growing population. the crops and fields became increasingly large and difficult to maintain. used to fertilize, restore nitrogen, and control pests. crops through introducing them to new environments and breeding them with other plants

. Cultures such as those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and India developed the process of brewing beer. It is still done by the same basic method of using malted grains (containing enzymes) to convert starch from grains into sugar and then adding specific yeasts to produce beer. In this process the carbohydrates in the grains were broken down into alcohols such as ethanol. . Cultures such as those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and India developed the process of brewing beer. It is still done by the same basic method of using malted grains (containing enzymes) to convert starch from grains into sugar and then adding specific yeasts to produce beer. In this process the carbohydrates in the grains were broken down into alcohols such as ethanol.

Four major industrial areashealth care (medical), crop production and agriculture

non food (industrial) uses of crops and other products (e.g. biodegradable plastics, vegetable oil, biofuels),

environmental uses.

Bioinformatics

Red biotechnology

Blue biotechnology i

White biotechnology,

Green biotechnology

drug production pharmacogenomics gene therapy genetic testing (or genetic screening): techniques in molecular biology detect genetic diseases. To test the developing fetus for Down syndrome, Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling can be used. Human Genome . Cloning

DNA microarray chip some can do as many as a million blood tests at once Main article: Pharmacogenomics

bacterium Escherichia coli

Adenovirus