SULIT

4551/2 Biology Paper 2

2010 2 jam

4551/2

JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA PEPERIKSAAN PENGESANAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN

BIOLOGY Paper 2 PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

Peraturan pemarkahan ini mengandungi 19 halaman bercetak

MARK SCHEME QUESTION 1

Item Num. 1 (a) Answer Marks Remark

Able to name organelles labeled X, Y and Z Answers: X : Ribosom Y : Golgi apparatus Z : Secretory vesicle . 1 1 1

(b)

Able to to state the function of X Answers: Sites of protein synthesis 1 1

(c)

Able to explain why organell W is found abundantly in the cell. Sample answers: Organell W / mitochondrion involved in cellular respiration This process released energy to be used by the cell to make protein. 1 1 2

( d )(i)

Able to state the type of structure shown. Answer: Tertiary structure 1

(d)(ii)

Able to give one example of the protein structure Answer Enzyme/ Hormones/ antibodies/albumin 1 2

Item Num. (e)(i)

Answer

Marks

Remark

Able to suggest one way to make washing more effective Answer: Use warm water 1 1

(e)(ii)

Able to explain how answer in c(i) affect the rate of bio enzyme reaction Sample answer: - Temperature increase (until optimum temperature) - collisions between substrate and enzyme molecules occur more frequently - rate of reaction increase 1 1 1 Max 2

(e)(iii)

Able to give one example of bioenzyme Y. Answer: Protease / Amylase 1 1

QUESTION 2
Item Num. 2(a)(i) Answer Marks Remark

Able to state the food class labeled R Answer: Carbohydrate 1

(a)(ii)

Able to state the main function of food from group R Answer: Provide energy 1 2

(b)(i)

Able to state which food class is good for pregnant woman and explain. Sample Answers: Group R - They are protein and good for the formation of new tissues Group Q - Source of fibre which help to prevent constipation Group P - Provide energy to support the growing foetus

(b)(ii)

Able to state which type if food class should be avoided and explain. Sample answers: Fat - When bile duct is blocked, bile cannot be channeled out. - Lipids cannot be emulsified / difficult to be digested. 1 1 1 3

Item Num. (c)(i)

Answer

Marks

Remark

Able to calculate the amount of energy obtained from the food. Answer: 2575.1 kJ 1 1

(c)(ii)

Able to state the energy content of butter and explain. Answer: 3062 kJ Able to explain why the energy content of 100g of butter as calculated. Sample Answer: Fats has twice more energy content for the same 100g of carbohydrate 1 2 1

QUESTION 3
Item Num. 2(a) Answer Marks Remark

Able to circle and label one example in the pond (i) Secondary consumer Small fish (ii)Tertiary consumer Big fish 1 1 2

(b)

Able to state the niche of prawn Prawn eats plankton // Big fish eats prawn 1 1

(c)

Able to explain the role of Lemna sp and Lotus sp. on the changes of organic matter on the base of the pond. P1 These plants prevent sunlight from reaching the submerged plants P2 The submerged plants die because they cannot carry out photosynthesis P3 The decomposed remains of the submerged plants add more organic matter on the base of the pond 1

1 Max 2 1

Item Num. (d)(i)

Answer

Marks

Remark

Able to calculate the total energy absorbed by the swan Answer 10/100 X 35000 kJ = 3500 kJ 10/100 X 3500 kJ = 350 kJ 10/100 X 350 kJ = 35 kJ absorbed by the swan 1 1 1

(e)(i)

Able to explain how the excess fertilizer pollute the freshwater pond Sample answers: Draining of excess nutrient from the fertilizer into the pond Encourage the rapid growth of algae The excessive growth of algae restricts the penetration of light into the water And when they die,decomposer used up all the dissolved oxygen/supply of oxygen in the pond decrease

1 1 1 Max 2

(e)(ii)

Able to explain briefly how to determine the pollution level of the pond Sample Answer - Add methylene blue to sample of pond water - Time for decolourisation indicate the level of pollution - If the sample decolourise in a short time, the pond water has a high level of pollution. 1 1 1 Max 2

QUESTION 4
Item Num. 4(a)(i) Answer Marks Remark

Able to name muscle R Answer: Myotome 1 1

(a)(ii)

Able to state one characteristic of muscle R Answer: When the muscles on one side contract, those on the other side relax 1 1

(b)

Able to explain the action of muscle R that enable fish to swim. Sample Answers: P1 When the muscles on one side contract, those on the other side relax P2 The body bends toward the side of myotome muscle that contract P3 Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation pass down from head to tail 1 1 1 3

(c)

Able to explain how the injury affect its movement. Sample answers: Become unstable in water leading to Yawing (side way movement) and Rolling (transverse plane movement)

1 1

Item Num. (d)

Answer

Marks

Remark

Able to explain how the leg muscles help the grasshopper in jumping P1 In the position at rest (flexor muscle contracts), the hind leg folded in the Z-shaped / poised for a jump P2 When extensor muscle contracts (the flexor muscle relaxes), the hind leg jerk backward, grasshopper jump 1

QUESTION 5 Item Num. 5 (a) Marking Criteria Able to state three differences between the composition of the glomelular filtrate in T and tubule V. Sample answer T Contains glucose Contains amino acids Contents of water, sodium and chloride ions is the same as in blood plasma Marks Remark

Tubule V Do not contain glucose Do not contain amino acids Less contents of water, sodium and chloride ions as these substances has been reabsorbed

1 1 1 3

(b)

Able explain how the cells are structured. Sample answer: They have many/abundant mitochondria Produce a lot of energy needed for active transport or Numerous/many microvilli Increase total surface area for reabsorption

1 1

1 1

(c)

Able to explain how the concentration of the substances present in Q changes: Sample answer After taking sea food Sea food contains high protein/ main source of amino acid (Excess) amino acids are deaminated / converted into ammonia / urea in the liver The urea is transported to the kidneys and removed as urine The concentration of urea in the urine would increase After taking salty food Increase blood osmotic pressure More ADH is released Increase permeability of tubules Less urine and more concentrated

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Any two

Any two

Item Num. (d)

Marking Criteria Able to explain how the dialysis machine replaced the function of kidney Sample answer: P1 blood from patient enters dialysis machine P2 net diffusion of toxins occurs from blood to dialysis solution. P3 required ions and glucose may also be added to the dialysissolution, P4 resulting in their net diffusion into the blood. P5 filtered blood re-enters the patients blood vessels

Marks

Remark

1 1 1 1 1 Max 3

QUESTION 6
Item Num. 6(a)(i) Answer Marks Remark

Able to name the type of cell division and explain. Sample answer: Mitosis Produce two daughter cells with diploid (2n) chromosome / same as the parent cell.

1 1

(a)(ii)

Able to define the meaning of the cell division named operationally. Sample answer: Mitosis is a cell division process which starts with nucleus division followed by cytoplasmic division to produce two daughter cells with 2n chromosome / same as the parent cell 1

(b)

Able to explain how to propagate the good quality of Exotica papaya. Sample answers: Technique Tissue culture P1P2Small pieces of tissue(explants) taken from sterilized parent plant. The explants are then placed inside a test tube containing nutrient and growth hormones. Plant cells divide by mitosis to form a callus (undifferentiated mass of tissue) Cells in the callus develop into embryo and later into plantlets The rooted plantlets are then transferred to soil and kept in controlled environment until they grow into adult plants From one original plant, hundreds of genetically plants could be produced 1 1 1 1

P3-

P4P5-

1 1

P6-

Max 5

Item Num. 6(c)

Answer

Marks

Remark

Able to describe four similarities and six differences. Sample answer: Similarities 1 .Both involve nuclear division 2. Both produce two daughter cells 3. Both start with diploid cell 4. Both ended with cytokinesis Differences Mitosis Prophase F1 Synapses absent F2 Crossing over /exchange of genetic material absent Metaphase F3 Chromosome line up at equatorial plate Anaphase F4 Sister chromatid separate. Chromatid is pulled to opposite poles Telophase F5 Four chromatids in a cell F6 Two genetically similar daughter cells are produced.// No variation between the cell F7 The cells produced are diploid cells Meiosis I Prophase F1 Synapses present F2 Crossing over /exchange of genetic material occur between homologous chromosome Metaphase F3 Homologous chromosome line up at equatorial plate Anaphase F4 Homologous chromosome separate. Chromosome is pulled to opposite poles Telophase F5 Two chromosomes in a cell F6 Two genetically different daughter cells are produced.// The two cells vary from each other F7 The cells produced are haploid cells

1 1 1 1

1 1

Must have 4 similarities and 6 differences

Max 6

QUESTION 7
Item Num. 7(a) Answer Marks Remark

Able to explain the formation process of fluid P. Sample answer: E1 When the blood flows from the arteriole into the capillaries, there is a high hydrostatic pressure E2 due to the pumping of the heart and resistance in the capillaries E3 forces the plasma to pass across onecell-thick capillary walls into spaces between the cells E4 consisting small molecules of dissolved substances like water, minerals, glucose and amino acids 1

1 1

(b)

F: Able to state the immunity correctly P: Able to explain why the baby has been diagnosed with Hepatitis B. Sample answer : F1 Artificially acquired active immunity P1 Vaccination/ vaccine injection P2 it will activate the body to produce antibodies P3 Result in the production of a low level of antibodies concentration P4 (but) the dose does not sufficient to protect against the disease P5 second booster dose is necessary P6 to increase antibody production over a level of immunity (any 5P)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Item Num. 7(c)

Answer

Marks

Remark

Able to explain the statements to justify that lymphatic system is a complementary to circulatory system. Lymphatic system is a complementary to circulatory system Sample answer: F1 Collect the interstitial fluid and return it to the circulatory system via the subclavian vein F2 Defend the body against disease F3 by producing lymphocytes which release antibodies to react with antigens F4 To transport lipids, glycerol and fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K F5 from the lacteal (lymph capillary) of the villus F6 into the thoracic duct back the circulatory system via the left subclavian vien. F7 To transport water, hormones, glucose, amino acids, minerals and heat in the interstitial fluid F8 that diffuse into the lymphatic system back to the circulatory system again F9 To transport the waste products such as CO2 and nitrogenous compounds in the interstitial fluid F10 that diffuse into the lymphatic system to be excreted by the lungs and kidneys 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 10

QUESTION 8
Item Num. 8(a) Answer Marks Remark

Milk does not react with the enzyme in the mouth/R and enters the stomach through the esophagus. F1: Digestion in the stomach / S P1: Gastric glands in the walls of the stomach secrete gastric juice P2: Gastric juice consists of hydrochloric acid and the enzymes pepsin and rennin P3: Rennin coagulates milk by converting the soluble milk protein caseinogen into the insoluble casein. Caseinogen casein Enzyme rennin P4: Casein is then hydrolysed by enzyme pepsin to peptone and polypeptide. Casein + water enzyme pepsin peptone + polypeptide (any 3P) F2: Digestion in the duodenum /T P5:The enzyme trypsin hydrolysed peptone and polypeptide into peptides P6: Fats in the milk is emulsified by the bile to be broken down into tiny droplets//bile emulsifies fats by breaking up large globules of fats into small fat droplets in order to increase the surface area for the action of enzyme lipase P7: The enzymes lipase hydrolyses fat into glycerol and atty acids. Fats + water enzyme lipase glycerol + fatty acids F3: Digestion in the ileum/U P8: The enzyme erepsin (peptidase) hydrolyses to amino acids. Peptide + water enzyme erepsin amino acid

1 1 1

1 1

peptide

P9: The enzyme lactase hydrolses lactose to glucose and galactose Lactose + water enzyme lactase glucose + galactose P10: The enzyme lipase hydrolyses fats (emulsifies) to glycerol and fatty acids Fats + water enzyme lipase glycerol + fatty acids

Max 10

Item Num. 8(b)

Answer

Marks

Remark

Able to explain the effects of consuming the menu set for a period of time Sample answer P1 : The menu is not a balanced diet // does not contain the 7 classes of food in appropriate ratio P2 : Menu is highly rich in carbohydrates and fats // no vegetables and lack of vitamins //Higher energy intake compare to energy requirement for a girl aged 15 Consequences Sample Answer P3 : Constipation P4 : lack of fiber , faeces moving to slowly through the colon P5 : Scurvy P6 : lack of vitamin C //any other vitamins deficiency with explanation P6 : Obesity P7 : increase in body weight drastically due to energy requirement is less then energy intake P8 : Diabetes mellitus P9 : excess of glucose contain in blood , food is highly rich in carbohydrates P10 : Arteriosclerosis P12 : fats deposited in the lumen of blood vessel P13 : Heart attack P14 : blockage in the coronary artery // Any other cardiovascular diseases with explanation 1 1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1 8 Any 4 consequences with explanation

QUESTION 9
Item Num. 9(a) Answer Marks Remark

Able to explain why most plants cannot colonize and grow in the swamps Sample answer P1: The ground is too soft and unable to support plants. P2: The water-logged/muddy swamps provide very little oxygen for root respiration. P3: The swamp water has a high concentration of salt and is hypertonic. P4: The plants growing in swamp will have the problem of dehydration. P5: Seeds that fall into the muddy swamp will die of dehydration/insufficiency of oxygen. P6: The swamp is exposed to strong sunlight and intense heat. P7: As a result, the plants growing there will lose water very fast by transpiration. Able to explain how the mangrove trees adapt themselves to the harsh living conditions Sample answer P1: Root system which is highly branched and spreads over a big area to give good support to the plants. P2: Pneumatophores (breathing roots) which grow protruding upwards above the ground. P3: The plant cells have high concentration of cell sap. P4: Hence, the cells are able to withstand the high salt contents of the swamp. P5: Excess salt is eliminated through hydatodes found at the lower epidermis of leaves. P6: Viviparous seeds which germinate while still attached to the parent plant. P7: The long radical produced will let the seedling stick into the ground and not submerge or drift away. P8: Thick cuticle and sunken stomata which help to reduce the rate of transpiration. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 10 Any 5P 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Any 5P

Item Num. 9(b)

Answer

Marks

Remark

Able to the effects of unplanned development and improper management on the ecosystem Sample answer P1: P2: P3: P4: P5: P6: P7: P8: P9: P10: P11: P12: P13: P14: The leave canopy in the forest protects the soil from excess rain water. When the forest is cleared, the soil is exposed to rain (water)/wind. this will cause soil erosion. The soil that is exposed to wind will be blown to another area. While soil that is exposed to rain water will be eroded and deposited at the bottom of the river/pond/lake. The soil at the hill slopes can (also) be washed away by heavy rain water resulting in land slides. (The deposited soil will) cause the water level to increase rapidly when it rains and this will in turn cause flash floods. Wild life species will also be threatened when their habitat is destroyed. Global warming will occur due to an increase in the Earths temperature, which is caused by excess emissions of carbon dioxide/methane/CFC/nitrogen dioxide (into the atmosphere). These gases trap the heat that us reflected by the Earth. The thinning of the ozone layer occurs when the ozone layer (that protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation) is destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

P15: P16: P17:

1 1 1

Max 10