DISASTER RESPONSE IN INDIA Presentation AMIT JHA, Joint Secretary, National Disaster Management Authority, INDIA Asia Pacific

Senior Leader Civil Military Seminar at Honolulu, Hawaii, USA August 30 September 1, 2010

Contents
Trend of disasters-Global and Indian Disaster Management Act 2005: Indias New Vision on disaster management:
Preparedness and Capacity Building Coordinated Response-National Disaster Response Force Role of Police in D.M Civil Defence Role in D.M

TREND OF NATURAL DISASTERS: GLOBAL 1975-2005

600 500 400 300

INCIDENTS

200 100 0 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002

Country-level Disasters

YEAR

WORLD VULNERABILITY PROFILE

2005

DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL DISASTERS

JAPAN ALASKA USA CHINA INDONESIA INDIA

AREA WISE EVENTS (1975-2001)

More than 260 events

DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE AFFECTED

JAPAN ALASKA USA CHINA INDONESIA INDIA

AFFECTED BY NATURAL DISASTERS (1975-2001)

Zero Affected One to 18 Million Affected 18 to 48 Million Affected 48 Million to One Billion Affected One Billion to 3.5 Billion Affected More Than 3.5 Billion Affected

INDIA
ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 91 - 95 96 - 00
PERIOD

86

Losses in Thousand Crores

54 36
50 % 139 %

'01 - 05

Annual- Impact on People 1. Losses in lives - 4334. 2. People affected - 30 Million. 3. Houses lost - 2.34 Million.

Annual- Financial Losses 1. Percentage of GDP 2%. 2, Percentage of Central Revenue (for relief) 12%.

Major Disasters in India (1999-2009)

Disasters in States Orissa Super Cyclone Guajarat Earthquake Tsunami J&K Earthquake Year 1999 2001 2004 2005 Casualties 9,887 14,000 15,000 1,336

Earthquake, Oct, 2005 Avalanche Feb 2005

MAJOR DISASTERS (1980-2005)

Earthquake Uttarkashi, 20 Oct 1991, Chamoli, 23 April 1999

Bhuj, Earthquake, 26 January, 2001 Flood, Assam & Bihar 2004

Earthquake, Latur, 30 Sept 1993 S Cyclone 29 Oct 1999

Bhopal Gas Disaster, Dec 1982

Floods 26 July 2005

Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004

Tsunami 26 Dec 2004

Disaster Management Act

New Vision
DM Act 2005 : Relief centric to Holistic approach to DM Build safer & disaster resilient India Develop a proactive, multi-hazard technology driven strategy for DM Develop a culture of prevention, mitigation & preparedness Ensure a prompt and efficient response mechanism

Imperatives
To achieve imperatives the new vision two

* Attitudinal Change : To change mindset of all stakeholders * Public Awareness/ Capacity building of all stakeholders

Capacity Bldg/ Public Awarness

Capacity Bldg is required at all levels : Community needs to be sufficiently aware (Bhopal Gas) Administration needs to be sensitive to vulnerability of Disaster Research institutions need to transfer knowledge to the field NGOs need to be trained to handle disaster scenarios Corporate sector need to be made aware of their social responsibility.

BANGLADESH : CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS A SUCCESS STORY (COX BAZAAR AREA)

500000 450000 400000 350000 300000 250000 200000

500,000

Cyclones of Equal Intensity Approx : 250Km/Hr

Losses of Lives

150000 100000 50000 0

138,000 127111

Even when Population had doubled

1970 1991 1994 1997 UNICEF/ RED Cross supported Capacity Building Disaster Preparedness initiative Covering 3,500 Gram Sansads in 6 districts Capacity Building Programmes : Community Preparedness/ Family Preparedness

Role of Police in Disaster Management

Perception :Police has role only in crime and Law and Order duties Disaster ManagementRevenue Deptt. responsibility of

Ground Situation : Police First Responder after community Defence Services : Key role in major disaster with high praise

Honble PMs address to IPS Probationers :

New Delhi Jan 5, 2010

Underlining the importance of law and order for sustained development of the country, the Prime Minister asked budding police officers to be wellversed in handling new challenges like cyber crimes and disaster management.

Role of Police in DM Contd.

Police entrusted with protection of life and property : thus, greater role than Army. Basic Trg in SAR and MFR to police would : * mean professional approach in disaster scenario * project a face of police with compassion * enhance the image of police. Imperative : Need to change mindset in higher echelons of police

Response
DM Act 2005 :
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Sec 44 (i) of the Act : NDRF : a Specialist Response Force : Sec 45 of the Act : General Superintendence, direction & control of the Force with National DM Authority :

National Disaster Resp. Force

10 Battalions : From Para-military ForcesBSF, CRPF, CISF & ITBP
A Specialist Response Force with : - High skill training - State of the art equipment A Multi Disciplinary, multi skilled, high tech force for all types of disasters capable of insertion by Air, Sea & Land

NDRF : Contd

All 10 Bns to be equipped and trained for all natural disasters including CBRN Emergencies. Dedicated exclusively for Disaster Response Proactively available to States Need based pre-positioning of NDRF in States.

NDRF LOCATIONS
Bhatinda PATNA (PROPOSED) Ghaziabad GUWAHATI

KOLKATA VADODARA BHUBANESHWAR (Mundali) PUNE (Talegaon) VIJAYAWADA (PROPOSED)

CHENNAI (Arakkonam)

Bns CBRN Bns

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Composition of NDRF Bns

Each Bn to have 1149 personnel Each Bn to have 18 specialist teams of 45 members to handle natural & NBC disasters. Each team of 45 to have 1 Doctor, 2 Engineers, 2 paramedics, 1 technician, 1 electrician & 1 Dog Squad. Total no.18 teams x 8 Bn = 144 teams

NDRF : Specialised Training

1. Search & Rescue * INSARAG (UNOCHA) Trg. Standard * ADPC, Bangkok * USAID : PEER Programme * Swiss Development Corpn, Berne * Adv. SAR Trg. Florida (USA) 2. Canine * Royal Vet. Corp. (RVC), Indian Army * Adv. Dog Handlers Trg. SDC, Berne

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NDRF : Specialised Training Contd..

3. Helislithering : IAF Base, Nahan (HQ) 4. Under Water Rescue * Life saving society, Kolkata * Sea Explorer Institute, Kolkata 5. NBC Emergencies * College of Military Engineering, Pune * DRDE Gwalior * Singapore Civil Def. Academy

Role of NDRF
1. Acquire and continually upgrade its own training and skills 2. Impart basic and operational level training Non Disaster to State Response Forces (Police, Civil Period Defence and Home Guards) 3. Assist in Community Training & Preparedness 4. Liaison, Reconnaisance, Rehearsals and Mock Drills. 5. Proactive deployment during impending Impending Disaster disaster situations During Disaster 6. Specialised Response

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NDRF : Response Activities

VISIBLE PART: AT THE CUTTING EDGE LEVEL

KOSI FLOODS AUGUST 08

Rescue During Pawna River Floods, PUNE

SAR OPERATION AT BELLARY, KARNATAKA, JANUARY 2010

LANDSLIDE RESCUE, DARJEELING, JUN 09

AP & KARNATAKA FLOODS OCT 09

NDRF : Community Trg/ Preparedness

Community : 1st responder in Disaster High Priority for NDRF 2008: 48,374 2009: 1,96,477 2010: 4,29,980 6,74,831

Community Trg : Numbers Trained : Total (Till June, 2010):

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Capacity Building by NDRF

Community Sensitized by NDRF.
People Sensitized for Disaster Response. : 6.75 Lakhs.

Govt. Boys Hr. Sec. Institute, BARAMULLA, 18 March 2010

NDRF Community Training, BIHAR, June July 2008 Mata Jai Kaur Public School, NEW DELHI, 05 May 09

Mock Exercises by NDMA/ NDRF 2006-2010

Earthquakes :26 Floods :15 Cyclones :14 Chemical (Indust) :25 Urban Fire :11 Others :10 101 2006 : 02 2007 : 15 2008 : 37 2009 : 30 2010 : 17 101

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NDMA : Capacity Building Initiatives

Mock Exercises (Districts & Schools) Conducted so far. : 181 (including 80 Schools/ Colleges). Community and First Responders : Sensitized/ Trained. Commonwealth Games Conducted so far. Additional Planned : : 19. 36.

Over 15.0 Lakhs.

States/ UTs Covered 35. Districts Covered 84. Exercises Conducted on all Natural Disasters, Fire, Man-made Disasters and School Safety.

Delhi Metro, 26 March 2010

Flood, Bellary, 14 Sep 2009

Cyclone, Porbander, 19 Jun 09

NDMA : Capacity Building Initiatives

Mock Exercises
Chemical (Industrial) Disasters.
Exercises. Major Accident Hazard (MAH) Units Exercised. MAH Industries Sensitized. On Site Workers Participated. Off-Site People Sensitized. On-Site Plans Prepared. Off-Site Plans Prepared. : 26. : 49. : 120. : 79,700.

: 2.03 Lakhs.
: 1833 (Out of 1866 in 304 Districts) 98%. : 171 (For Remaining Work in Progress).

IOCL PANIPAT, HARYANA, 21 MAY 2010

SURAT, HAZIRA, GUJARAT, 28 MARCH 2008

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Advantage of Police in Disaster Response

Central Assistance takes time to reach Local Police First to arrive at any disaster site Knowledge of local language Awareness of local sensitivities Knowledge of local resources

Advantage of Police in Disaster Response ..Contd

Familiarity with local terrain & area Wider Reach Every village covered Well developed Communication System Pro-active availability Developed countries mostly have built their Disaster Response Capabilities at Local Country/ Distt. Level

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State Police in Disaster Response

NDMAs Vision Each state to train its own State Disaster Response Force (SDRF):Recommendation of DGP Conf. 2006. SDRF to be raised by Trg. one Coy each of selected Armed Police Bns in phased manner. Each Police personnel to have basic exposure to concept of Disaster Management/ Response

Capacity Building of Police in Disaster Response

NDMAs Vision : Each state to earmark one PTC for Disaster Response Trg. Train at least 2 trainers in the PTC in Disaster Response Provide minimum basic infrastructure & equipment for Disaster Response in the PTC

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Capacity Building of Police in Disaster Response (Contd)

NDMAs Vision : Introduce a 6 day capsule in the Basic Trg. of Constables and officers Syllabi for the 6 day capsule in Basic course designed by NDMA Also introduce at least 1 or day sensitisation programme in Disaster Response in all in-service courses

Capacity Building of Police in Disaster Response

NDMAs Vision Trained SDRF Coy to be equipped NDMA to assist in finalisation of eqpt depending upon vulnerability of the state Specifications & other details of identified eqpt to be provided by NDMA Funding for the eqpt for SDRF & infrastructure for Dis. Resp. Trg in the PTC to be provided out of the 10% of CRF money meant for Capacity Building.

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ToT for State Police PTC

Problem Areas: Low priority of Police Authority towards ToT programme of Disaster Response Trg. Trainers sent for ToT lack aptitude for Trg. or do not meet the QR In most cases trainers, after ToT programme used in duties other than Trg.

CIVIL DEFENCE
CD Act 1968
Role of CD :
To provide protection to individuals, properties & establishments against any hostile act in categorised CD towns No. of categorised towns : Total no. : 225 Activated : 125

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Current Scenario
Geo-Political factor : Less chances of traditional war New Challenges Community : * First Responder * Awareness/ Preparedness crucial to mitigate damage/ suffering * CD a Community based voluntary orgn. may play imp. role : Natural calamities man-made disasters.

Recommendations of Committees on CD
I. GOM : Suggested in depth review of the organization's effectiveness to meet new challenges in the contemporary scenario HPC : J.C. Pant Committee : A Comprehensive role fo the CD in a harmonized structure for DM.

II.

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Proposed Role of CD
Pre-Disaster : * Public Awareness * Community Capacity Building (Trg in Search & Rescue/ Medical First Response) During/ Post-Disaster : * Response * Relief

Key Recommendations
CD to be integrated in DM framework at grass root level Town specific concept of CD to be changed to district specific covering the entire dist. CD coverage to be extended to all the 600 dists in 3 phases (3 Fin. Yrs) Multi hazard dists(241) to be given priority

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Key Recommendations

Contd

Encourage Pub-Pvt Partnership with involvement of Corporate sector CD to be a community-based voluntary organisation Measures to enhance self-esteem & motivation of CD volunteers

Proposed Responsibilities of CD
Educating the community Civil Defence awareness in schools Sensitizing Govt servants Sensitizing Semi-Govt/ Pvt Sectors employees Self capacity building

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Approach
To function under the aegis of SDMA/ DDMA Avail functional advantage of DM Chairman, DDMA & Controller of CD being

To function in close coordination with PRIs/ RWAs/ Urban local bodies Synergising the resources of youth Orgns (NCC/NSS/NYKS etc) in DM roles Utilise the services of Home Guards also in DM role

Prognosis
The suggested approach will make CD an effective tool in the DM framework at grass toot level with the added advantages of : * Being from amongst the people * With total concern for their own area

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Conclusion
If the proposed scheme of Community Capacity building through Civil Defence infrastructure is implemented at the grass root level, the resultant saving in terms of loss of life and property in recurring disaster would far outweigh the suggested expenditure.

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