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Tension in Nature
Tension members are the most efficient and economical of all structural elements
Typical crosssections
Material behaviour
Material behaviour
Stresses in net-section
L 4 x 4 x 3/ 8 d b = 5/8 in.
a
Gusset plate
Section a-a
Shear lag
Out-standing parts of rolled sections
Legs of angles, flanges, etc.
Shear lag
Shear lag
Eccentricity of elements
Staggered bolts
Tear out paths can be inclined
s2/4g rule (Cl. 12)
Gauge Length
(b)