Alexander Hunter Chem 50 Professor Sharrett Sept.

22, 2011

Introduction
The point of the experiment is to find out what the unknown solid and unknown liquid are. We will determine the density and appearance of the solid in order to determine which solid it is compared to the possible metals. The unknown liquid will be determined by finding the density and the boiling point and see which of the possible liquids it matches up best with. Important formulas that we will be using will include: (Eq. 1)Density (Eq. 2)% Error: (Eq. 3)Average: (Eq. 4)Volume of a Cylinder: (Eq. 5)Volume (Water Displacement): V= (Eq. 6)Difference in Mass: M= Refer to Table 1.1 and Table 2.1 for important values. They will include True density values, appearance and the boiling point of the unknown solid or liquid. Hypothesis I: If we measure the mass and volume of the unknown metal then we can calculate the density using (Eq. 1). We can also calculate the density by water displacement. Then we can compare our calculated density with the true densities. Whichever density is closer to the True density value of the possible metals will correspond with our metal. The experimental error should be less than 10%. Hypothesis II: If we find the density and the boiling point of the unknown liquid then we can compare those values to the True values of the possible liquids. Therefore, we can find the best match by comparing the values. The experimental error should also be less than 10%.

Data Analysis
Procedure I: We will begin by obtaining and unknown metal from the professor. We will then proceed to weigh the metal three times on an analytical balance. We will then find the volume by water displacement and by measuring the dimensions with a ruler. Use (Eq. 4) for calculated volume because the metals were cylindrically shaped. For measuring volume by water displacement fill a graduated cylinder with enough water to submerge the metal. Record the initial volume of the deionized water. After the metal is submerged in the water record the final volume. To obtain the volume use (Eq. 5). Compare the calculated density with the True density values. Return the metal to professor after testing it.

Alexander Hunter Chem 50 Professor Sharrett Sept. 22, 2011 Procedure II: We will begin by obtaining the unknown liquid from the professor with a test tube and a rubber stopper. Obtain a Mohr pipet and condition it with the unknown liquid. Weigh the 50 mL beaker using 3 different analytical balances. Then use the Mohr pipet along with the pump to obtain 1 mL of the unknown liquid and place it in the 50 mL beaker. Then weigh on 3 different analytical balances and write down values before the unknown liquid begins to evaporate. Repeat the process for obtaining the mass of 2 and 3 mL of the unknown liquid. To obtain the mass use (Eq. 6). To calculate the density use (Eq. 1). Use the apparatus under the fume hood for finding the boiling point. Use the thermometer to measure the boiling point of the unknown liquid. Dispose of all chemicals properly and clean glass ware and lab station. (Solids) Table 1.1

Possible Solids
Copper Aluminum Zinc Iron Lead Manganese Silver Gold Platinum Tin Unknown Solid (A)

True Densities ( 8.96 2.90 7.10 2.70 11.30 7.21 19.30 19.30 21.50 7.30 Refer to Table 1.2

Appearance Reddish color, Ductile, Malleable Strong silvery white metal Bluish-pale grey Lustrous, metallic Bluish-grey, soft, dense Grey white, brittle Silver white metallic Shiny Gold Silvery white Silvery white Silvery

Alexander Hunter Chem 50 Professor Sharrett Sept. 22, 2011 (Volume Calculations) Solids Table 1.2 Unknown Measured Measured Calculated Initial Solid A Mass (g) Dimensions Volume Volume (cm) (mL) ( ) (Eq. 4) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 29.0517 29.0509 29.0503 D=1.19 h=8.29 D=1.20 h=8.30 D=1.20 h=8.32 9.22 9.39 9.41 35.4 35.8 37.4 Final Volume (mL) Displaced Volume (mL) (Eq. 5) 10.4 10.9 10.6 Calculated Densities
( ) (Eq. 1) & (Eq. 3)

45.8 46.7 48.0

Ruler 2.78
Displace

3.16

(Liquids) Table 2.1 Possible Liquids

Methanol 2-Proponol 2-Proponone Ethanol Butanol 2-Butanone Unknown Liquid (C) True Densities ( 0.7918 0.7850 0.7925 0.7890 0.8100 0.8050 0.8349 ) Boiling Points C 64.7 82.0 56.0 78.5 117 80 54.2

Alexander Hunter Chem 50 Professor Sharrett Sept. 22, 2011 (Liquid Measurements) Table 2.2

50mL Beaker (g)

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

28.7038 28.7051 28.7052

50mL Beaker + 1 mL solution (g) 29.5318 29.6210 29.6337

50mL Beaker + 2 mL solution (g) 30.3294 30.3500 30.3339

50mL Beaker + 3 mL solution (g) 31.0925 31.0728 31.1232

1 mL solution mass (g)

2 mL solution mass (g)

3 mL solution mass (g)

0.8280 0.9159 0.9285

1.6256 1.6449 1.6287

2.3887 2.3677 2.4180

(Liquid Analysis, Mass) Table 2.3 Using (Eq. 3) For Calculations Average of Masses Mass of 1 mL solution Mass of 2 mL solution Mass of 3 mL solution (g) (g) (g) 0.8908 1.6331 2.3915

(Liquid Analysis, Density) Table 2.4 Using (Eq. 1) For calculations Calculated Densities From 1 mL solution ( 0.8908 From 2 mL solution ( 0.8166 From 3 mL solution ( 0.7972 Average of Densities
( ) (Eq. 3)

0.8349

(Liquid Analysis, Boiling Point) Table 2.5

Trial 1 C Boiling Point 53.8

Trial 2 C

Average of Boiling Points (C (Eq. 3)

54.5

54.2

Alexander Hunter Chem 50 Professor Sharrett Sept. 22, 2011 Percent Errors Table 3.1 Calculated with (Eq. 2) Density of Unknown Solid Measured from Ruler (%) -4.14 Density of Unknown Solid Measured from Displacement (%) 8.97 Density of Unknown Liquid (%) 6.486 Boiling point of Liquid (%) -3.2

Discussion
Once we obtained the metal which was metal (A) from the professor, we noticed that it was shiny and had a silver color. After obtaining the metal we began by calculating the density of the unknown solid refer to Table 1.2 for results. After we calculated the values we compared the experimental values with the True values. The density calculated from volume displacement was 3.16 (
calculated from the ruler was 2.78 ( ) and that had a percent error of 8.97%. The percent error was higher because we used a 50 mL graduated cylinder for our measurements. The density ) and the percent error was -4.14%. I believe this percent error is acceptable because the ruler allowed for a smaller margin of error. These values helped

determine the unknown metal. After comparing the values we were able to determine that the unknown metal was aluminum. For the unknown liquid which was (C), we calculated the density and boiling point to help determine which liquid it was. The density value calculated was 0.8349 (
). The density measurement was not enough to discern the unknown liquid

because it was close to many of the True values. We then found the boiling point of the liquid. The boiling point we calculated for the unknown liquid was 54.2 (C . This value closely resembles the True value of 2-proponone. This led me to believe that the unknown liquid was 2-proponone. The percent error of the boiling point was -4.14%. The hypothesis was verified because the percent errors were all under 10% and we were able to distinguish what the unknown metal and unknown liquid we were given.