Modelling Micro-Grids

1R.

Teodorescu, 2J. Gurerra, 3U. K. Madawala, 3J. Bradshaw & 3D. Thrimawithana
1 Aalborg 2 Technical

University, Denmark

University, Catalonia, Spain

3 The

University of Auckland, New Zealand

Motivation

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Depletion of fossil fuel is a global concern Importance of efcient energy management

Clean and Green Energy

Distributed or Decentralized Generation, Smart Grids, Micro-Grids etc

Academic and commercial interest

Both at policy and technical level

Objective

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Develop a micro-grid

With modular based approach With individual or group management at PCC Facilitates grid integration Using of-the-shelf and custom built power modules

Develop an accurate model, which will predict the behaviour of micro-grids

Auckland University Micro-Grid

B U F F E R
inversion inversion inversion

Grid

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

USER
IPT charging

EEMS
Web

Green-Power Meter

Users
Stand-alone or/and grid-connected
Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Energy

Inversion

Aalborg University  Micro-Grid

External Grid
Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

240V RMS, 50Hz, 1

Sunny Island (5 kW)

Sunny Boy (1.7 kW)

Windy Boy (1.5 kW)

AC Loads

Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (20 kWh)

Solar Panel (1.5 kW)

Wind Turbine (1 kW)

Sunny Island

Inverter

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

5 kW, 95% efcient Provides grid integration and islanded operation Serves as a master of the micro-grid Maintains the power balance of P & Q Does not use any communication interface Uses droop control (permanent or transient)

Sunny Boy & Windy Boy

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Both rated at 1700 W and efciency of 92% Operate as slaves Provide maximum power tracking Usually deliver maximum power At unity power factor Follow set power-frequency characteristics

Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Manufactured by VRB Power Systems 40-60V/120A, 20kWh storage, 5 kW charge/discharge, 700W standing losses Housed in a closed under ground room

Dimensions: 4.2 * 1.0 * 2.1 m (W, D, H)

Monitored by a web cam Connected to the Sunny Island through a 50m cable Used as the energy storage

Modelling Sunny Island Inverter

External Grid

Sunny Island
AC DC DC DC

Microgrid

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Sunny Boy (1.7 kW)

Windy Boy (1.5 kW)

AC Loads

Controls
Temp Sensor

Modelled under islanded condition

ONLY

Battery

Modelling  Sunny Island Inverter

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Sunny Island dictates voltage and frequency Uses transient droop to maintain power balance

Frequency deviates in response to load

P Q 4 %Droop V

2 a voltage Modelled as%Droop source f

Droop control is implemented using V and I measurements = 1 second Amplitude = 0.2 Hz P and Q calculated using measured V and I

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Sunny Island

Inverter

Modelling  Sunny Island Inverter

Voltage Measurement Speed Droop Controls
Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Power Calculation Voltage Reference

Current Measurement

Voltage Droop Controls

Modelling: Sunny Boy

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Modelled as a current source Uses a powerfrequency prole Requires a means to lock into the micro-grid Uses a phase-lock-loop

Pma 100 % 0%
x

50

51

52

f (Hz)

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Modelling : Sunny Boy

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Microgrid Model

Microgrid Model

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Islanded operation with battery is NOT fully charged

Microgrid Model

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

Islanded operation with battery is fully charged

Conclusion

Prepared by Udaya K. Madawala for NERI09

An accurate model for a micro-grid has been presented,

representing
o

the Sunny Island Inverter as a voltage source The Windy-boy and Sunny-boy as current sources

Incorporating droop control

A battery model is currently being developed