ME3001 Dynamics of Machinery Monsoon 2012

Assignment 3 1.

Balancing of Reciprocating Masses

Submit on 21-9-12

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A slider-crank has r=3 and l=12. It has an angular velocity of 200 rad/s at time t=0. Its initial crank angle is zero. Calculate the piston acceleration at t=1 s. Use two methods, exact solution, approximate solution (truncating the terms in the Binomial series) and compare the results. Determine the unbalance of reciprocating masses of an inline, parallel, 4-cylinder engine where the cranks 1 and 4 are at =0 and the cranks 2 and 3 have =180o. Suggest a suitable balancing scheme in case there is unbalance. Examine the balance condition, both shaking force and shaking moment as they apply to the six cylinder, in-line engine of Fig.1.

Fig.1

Exercise 3 1. Figure 2 shows a three-cylinder in-line engine commonly used in small tractors. Examine the shaking forces and moments for this engine. If there are unbalanced force/moments suggest (show by neat sketches) arrangements to balance these. (Ref. K J Waldron and G L Kinzel - Kin., Dyn. and Des. of m/c for details)

Fig.2

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An inline slider-crank mechanism has a crank speed of 900 rpm, connecting rod length of 30 cm, stroke length 16 cm, con. rod mass = 11 kg, mass of reciprocating part (piston and piston pin) = 8 kg, mass of

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crank and crank pin = 4 kg, Distance from the crank shaft axis to CG of crank = 4 cm, Distance from crank pin centre to CG of con. rod =10 cm. Draw a shaking force diagram (polar diagram). What are the minimum and maximum values of the unbalanced forces? Assume a counter balance equal to the centrifugal force + one half of the primary inertia force on the equivalent mass on the piston. Show the modified polar diagram. What will be the shaking force diagram if the counter weight effect is to overcome only the centrifugal force? Figure 3 shows an in-line, two-cylinder engine with 180o cranks. Also shown is a gear and rotating counter weights that is driven from the crank shaft. What gear ratio, correction amount and counter weight orientation must be used to balance the net shaking force?

Fig.3

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Derive an expression for input torque T01 for the offset slider crank mechanism of Fig.4 with constant crank angular velocity 1. For parameter values of r=0.1 m and l=0.5 m, e=0.1 m, piston mass =3 kg, con.rod mass=2 kg, with centre of mass located at a distance of 0.15 m from the crank pin end of the rod and using a lumped mass approximation for the con.rod, determine the torque required to maintain a speed of 200 rev/min. Evaluate the torque for the following angles (in deg.) : 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180.

Fig.4

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Analyze the shaking force and moments for a V-engine having the cylinder configuration for each bank as shown in Fig.3 and the angle between the banks is 60 0. Suggest schemes to balance the shaking force/moments. Examine the balance condition of an opposed two-cylinder engine with 180o cranks (Dynamic force analysis of machines) Ref. Pr. 12.7, P.496, Uicker, Pennock and Shigley, Theory of machines and mechanisms, 3rd ed. 2009. Work out the problem (i) graphically and (ii) analytically. (Use the two methods of solution to check the answer ) (Balancing of rotating masses) The shaft shown (Ref. figure for Pr.16.7, Page 643, Shigley) is to be balanced by adding masses in two correction planes L and R. The three masses are m1=6g, m2=7g, m3=5g. The dimensions in mm are r1=125, r2=150, r3=100, a=25, b=300, c=600, d=150 and e=75. Calculate the magnitude and the angular locations of the corrections. Work out the problem (i) graphically and (ii) analyticallyuse a tabular column to enter relevant values.