Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
arrived in Trinidad in 1908 - aboard the SS Indus. - 3 going on 4 yrs - came with her mother Ramdai - 103 years old
-
May
Razak
March
labourers illegal
January
indentureship system
Total
labourers
-
Distributed throughout Trinidad Mainly Sugar cane plantations Also coconut, cocoa, rubber
System Work
in the colony
Allowances
Accommodation
planters
Wages
work)
Planter
Areas of Migration
Oudh
Bengal
Bihar
Madras/Bombay
United Prov
27%
48%
5%
14%
6% 0%
Brahmins
14 %
castes 60% 25%
Agricultural Low
castes
Others
1%
Colonies
Colonial Office
Government Of India
Licenses
Sub-recruiters Arkatias
villages
Positive
Chinidad
Use
Kidnappings
Especially
in relation to
Small,
one room structures Lack of medical care No attention to labourers health temporary situation medical facilities in these areas of an embryonic nature
Government officials
Quarantine
Medical treatment Inspection (emigrants and facilities)
Sanitation
Sufficient accommodation Water supply (regular and nearby)
James
Nourse Shipping Company Length of time : 20 weeks (sailing ship) and 13 weeks (steamer) New travelers Journey equivalent to Middle Passage (African slavery) Motion sickness; fever; meningitis; measles and mumps
Provision
of medical care (hospital and constant supplies preparation on the number on board
medical attention)
Sufficient
Trinidad
Immigration Depot located on Nelson Island of ship, food and stores by Protector of
Inspection
Immigrants
Fumigation
Quarantine
Medical
Examination
Weak Sick
(Port of Spain)
Healthy
space around
on each estate
of movement curtailed needed a pass to leave the estate Cultural practices allowed Caste system broke down Names changes Conversion to Christianity
Patriarchical
society Problems in recruiting women 69% male 29% male 2% cannot be distinguished Ratio: 40 women per 100 men
Illegal
recruiting
Increased No
status of women
Better
Infidelity Wife
Control
Typhoid fever
Dysentery
Bronchitis Pneumonia Ankylostomiasis Tuberculosis
Music Food
Dance
Clothing
Goldsmiths Festivals
Loss of vernacular languages e.g. Bhojpuri Cultural practices adapted to suit host environment Conversion to Presbyterianism
Loss
Cultural
environment
Conversion
to Presbyterianism
African/Indian
cultural mixture
Chutney (soca chutney) Pantar (steelpan and sitar) Dougla (African and Indian parentage)
Labourers protests
Protests in India
Abolition
African Slavery
Indian indentureship
Contract labour Culture allowed (once not a threat) Regulated by law Could return after10 years labour in the colony