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811.111:004(075.8)
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81.2-923
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ISBN 978-5-222-20615-7

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ISBN 978-5-222-20615-7

811.111:004(075.8)
81.2-923

. . , . . , 2012
: , 2012

www.phoenixbooks.ru

TEXT 1


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TEXT 1

 TEXT 1
1.

a computer
an electronic
system
an electronic
device

an electronic
machine

a magnetic tope
a symbol
a panel desk
a punched card

a screen
to flash
to print
to store

to produce fact

The electronic system of a

computer is very complex.
It is a complex instrument
made up of hundreds of
electronic devices, miles of
electronic wire.
The electronic machine can
give any answer or
combination of possible
answers, from the information
fed to it for storage.
At a panel desk connected to
the instrument, an operator
feeds facts, figures and
symbols into the machine, to
be stored on magnetic tape or
punched cards.
The machine can flash its
answers on a screen, can print
them on paper, store them
away on magnet tapes or cards.
But it is human beings who
do the thinking, who feed
information to the machines
which help us to find answers
and produce facts faster and
more accurately.

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an operator
storage
to process

to complete
problems

to feed
information to
the machine

More than 100,000 pieces of

information can be stored in
one machine, and when the
operator wants answers, he
asks the machine in a special
language to process the
information taken from
storage, and for solving the
problem.
In one whole second, it can
add 4,000 five-digit numbers;
in two seconds it can complete
320 long-division problems.
But it is human beings who
do the thinking, who feed
information to the machines
which help us to find answers
and produce facts faster and
more accurately. Machines
work for us, but they do not
think for us.

2. 1.
3. .

Computers machine
All of us think about a computer. Thats why we ask:
What is a computer? A computer is one of the modern
technologies using everywhere. It is a complex instrument
made up of hundreds of electronic devices, miles of electronic
wire. Its complex electronic brains produce information. This
information is stored on magnetic tapes or punched cards.
Who feeds the computer information? An operator can feed
figures and symbols into the machine. When an operator
wants to receive answers, he asks the machine in a special
6

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TEXT 1
language to process the information taken from storage. The
electronic machine can give any answer or a combination of
possible answers. At a panel desk connected to the instrument,
the machine can flash its answers on a screen, can print them
on paper, and store them away on magnet tapes or cards.
Of cause, more than 100.000 pieces of information can be
stored in one machine. The computer can do a lot of operations.
For example, the computer can multiply large numbers. How
long does it take the computer to multiply large numbers? In
one third of a second a computer can multiply two 127-digit
numbers. In one whole second, it can add 4.000 five-digit
numbers. In two seconds it can complete 320 long-division
problems. The same machine does the work of thousands of
trained mathematicians in any given time period and without
the mistakes. But human beings do thinking, feed
information to the machines. The computer only helps us to
find answers and produce facts faster and more accurately.
Machines work for us, but they do not think for us.
4. :
What is a computer?
What functions has a computer?
Why do people extremely need a computer nowadays?
What is the connection between computer brains and
mans mind?
Is the electronic system of a computer very complex or
simple?
Do electronic brains of a computer produce information?
How many pieces of information can be stored in one
machine?
What does the computer machine flash?

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5. :
Computer ...................................................
Fax (machine) .............................................
E-mail .......................................................
Telephone ...................................................
The Internet ................................................

The machine which is used for sending or receiving

copies of primed material, letters, pictures, etc. along a
telephone line.

An international network of computers. It has electronic

mail and provides a large amount of information.

An electronic machine that can store

information, do many processes on it.

An electronic system which joins a group of computers.

People can send messages to
each other on their
computers.

A system for sending or receiving speech over long

distances.

and recall

6. , :
an electronic system of a computer
to take from storage
to feed the information to the machine
a punched card
to complete long-division problems
to flash answers on a screen
to store on magnet tapes
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7. :
The electronic ... is very complex.
More than 100.000 pieces of ..., and when the operator
wants answers, he asks ..., and for solving the problem.
In one third of ... two 127-digit ...
The same machine does ... in any given time period,
and ...
The machine can flash ...
... can give any answer or ...
But it is ..., who do the thinking, who ... to find
answer and ...
Machines ... for us, but they do not ... for us.
... of electronic devices, miles of electronic wire.
... an operator feeds facts, figures and symbols into the
machine, to be ...
8.
:
The electronic system of a computer is very simple.
More than 50 pieces of information can be stored in
one machine.
In second a computer can multiply two 970-digit
numbers.
Machines think for us, but they do not work for us.
The computer can not do a lot of operations.
9. :
, 100.000
.
, .
.
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,
, .
1/3 .
10.
. .
Clare (17): I really enjoy using my computer. Its so
interesting. I can make new friends and chat
with them on the Internet. Now I have two close
friends from Italy and Canada. Next summer we
are going to meet in Paris and spend a week
together visiting museums and painting. Painting
is our hobby. Besides, the Internet helps me in
my studies. I can find the necessary information
and ideas on the Internet and then use it in my
work.
Jason (12): Im learning how to use the computer. Its very
important for me because I want to be a computer
programmer. I enjoy playing computer games.
Its so exciting. Sometimes I am lucky and
sometimes I am not, but I hate losing and try my
chances again.
Mr ONeal (their father): Computers ofer wonderful
opportunities for everybody. But I think that
young people spend too much time using
computers. They dont have time (and sometimes
wish) for communication with their relatives and
friends, for reading, sport and other traditional
hobbies. Computers are dangerous and addictive
( ).
Mrs ONeal (their mother): I hate computers. Children sit in
front of them for hours. Its bad for their eyes.
They cant stop playing cruel and silly games.
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They become nervous, angry and tired. Computers
are a waste of time. Children use them only for
games and dont really learn anything.
11. , , 1.
1) You are playing an interesting computer game. But you
havent done your homework. Your mother is angry.
She wants you to stop playing.
2) Your friend is fond of computer games. He spends all
the time playing. Ask him to go for a walk with you/to
play football in the afternoon/to go to the school party.
12.
.
.

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 TEXT 2
1.

a systems
behaviour
electronic
circuits

a calculating
machine
sequence of
operations
raw data

a decimal
system
to derive

a device
to simulate

a digital
computer

The devices known as

analogue computers are
assemblies of electronic or
electrical circuits the
behaviour of which is
analogous to another
(mechanical) systems
behaviour.
When an ordinary desk
calculating machine is used,
the operator controls the
sequence of operations.
Input: receives the raw
data and instructions from
external sources and
converts them into a suitable
form for computer to work
on.
The simplest digital
computer is the human hand,
from which the decimal
system is derived.
An analog computer is a
device that simulates the
behaviour of another
system, usually a physical
system, in all its states.
The first man-made digital
computer was probably the
abacus, which is still used in
many countries.

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.............................................................................................................. 3
TEXT 1 ........................................................................................................... 5
Computers machine .................................................................................... 6
TEXT 2 ........................................................................................................ 12
An alogue and Digital Computers .............................................. 13
TEXT 3 ........................................................................................................ 19
Government to Rescue IT? .............................................................. 21
TEXT 4 ........................................................................................................ 27
Modern Computer Usage
for Keeping the Computer Technology History .......... 29
TEXT 5 ........................................................................................................ 36
The development of computers in the USA ................. 38
TEXT 6 ........................................................................................................ 44
The comparison of the computer development
in the USA and Ukraine .................................................................... 45
TEXT 7 ........................................................................................................ 50
The homecity of MESM ..................................................................... 51
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TEXT 8 ........................................................................................................ 55
The main fault of the 70s
or the years of might-have-been hopes ...................... 56
TEXT 9 ........................................................................................................ 60
Technology of automata-based programming
Introduction .................................................................................................... 62
TEXT 10 ..................................................................................................... 71
What is a computer virus? ................................................................ 73
TEXT 11 ..................................................................................................... 81
Synopsis .............................................................................................................. 83
TEXT 12 ..................................................................................................... 88
From the history of computer viruses ................................ 89
TEXT 13 ..................................................................................................... 96
The term computer security ..................................................... 96
TEXT 14 .................................................................................................. 103
Is your home computer a target? ........................................... 103
TEXT 15 .................................................................................................. 108
Thinking About Your Home Computer ............................ 108
TEXT 16 .................................................................................................. 113
Shadow Data (Part 1) ......................................................................... 114
TEXT 17 .................................................................................................. 118
Shadow Data (Part 2) ......................................................................... 119
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TEXT 18 ................................................................................................. 125

How to protect
against shadow data security risks ........................................ 125
TEXT 19 .................................................................................................. 129
Cryptography ............................................................................................. 130
TEXT 20 .................................................................................................. 136
Encryption techniques ....................................................................... 139
TEXT 21 .................................................................................................. 145
Risk Assessment ....................................................................................... 147
............................................................................................................. 152
Test 1 .................................................................................................................. 152
Test 2 .................................................................................................................. 164
ADDITIONAL TEXTS ....................................................................... 170
Computer security ................................................................................. 170
Secure operating systems ............................................................... 171
Computer Security By Design ................................................... 172
Terms used in Computer Security ......................................... 174
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................. 181
........................ 199
............................................................. 199
......................................................................................... 199
...................................... 200
......................................................... 201
................................................................................................... 204
........................................................................... 205
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.......................................................................................................... 206
there is/are .................................................... 207
............................................................................................. 207
............................... 210
of at .......................................................... 211
................................. 212
....................................................................................... 213
EXERCISES ................................................................................................ 214

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