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Subject code: CS 2207 Subject Name: Analog and Digital Communication Year/sem: II/III
UNIT -I
PART- A (2 MARKS) 1. As related to AM, what is over modulation, under modulation and 100% modulation?
2. Define modulation index of an AM signal 3. A transmitter radiates 9 kW without modulation and 10.125 kW after modulation. Determine depth of modulation. 4. Define the transmission efficiency of AM signal. 5. Draw the phasor diagram of AM signal. 6. Distinguish between low level and high level modulator. 7. Need for modulation. 8. Application of AM. 9. Define envelope. 10. Distinguish between linear and non linear modulator. 11. What are the limitations of AM 12. Draw the envelope of AM 13. Differentiate phase modulation and frequency modulation. 14. When a signal m(t) = 3 cos (2p x 103t) modulates a carrier c(t) = 5 cos (p x 106t), find the modulation index and transmission bandwidth if the modulation is AM. 23. What do you mean by narrowband and wideband FM? 24. Give the frequency spectrum of narrowband FM? 25. Define frequency deviation of FM? 26 State Carsons rule of FM bandwidth? 27 Differentiate between narrow band and wideband FM.? 28 What are the advantages of FM.? 29 Define PM. 30 What is meant by indirect FM generation? 31 Draw the phasor diagram of narrow band FM. 32 Write the expression for the spectrum of a single tone FM signal. 33 Define modulation index of FM and PM. 34 Differentiate between phase and frequency modulation. 35 A carrier of frequency 100 MHz is frequency modulated by a signal x(t)=20sin(200x103 t). What is the bandwidth of the FM signal if the frequency sensitivity of the modulator is 25 KHz per volt? 36 What is the bandwidth required for an FM wave in which the modulating frequency signal is 2 KHz and the maximum frequency deviation is 12 KHz? 37 Determine and draw the instantaneous frequency of a wave having a total phase angle given by (t)= 2000t +sin10t.
8) (i) Distinguish between FM and PM by giving its mathematical analysis. (8) (ii) Derive the relationship between the voltage amplitudes of the side band frequencies and the carrier and draw the frequency spectrum. (8)
9) In an AM modulator, 500 KHz carrier of amplitude 20 V is modulated by 10 KHz modulating signal which causes a change in the output wave of 7.5 V . Determine: (1) Upper and lower side band frequencies
(2) Modulation Index (3) Peak amplitude of upper and lower side frequency (4) Maximum and minimum amplitudes of envelope
UNIT - II
PART A (2 MARKS) 1. Differentiate coherent and non-coherent digital modulation methods
2. 3. 4. 5. Compare bandwidth of Mary PSK signal And Mary FSK signal Sketch the waveform of PSK for binary sequence 1100101. Differentiate QPSK and BPSK. Differentiate ASK and FSK. 6. What are the types of digital data format? 7. Define minimum Shift keying. 8. Define Duo-binary encoding 9. Define DPSK. 10. What are the advantages of QPSK? 11. Define Nyquist sampling theorem. 12. 13 Define information capacity and bit rate. 13. Draw PWM and PPM waveforms. 14. What is the relation between bit rate and baud for a FSK system? 15. What are the advantages of digital transmission? 16. Define ASK, PSK and FSK. 17. What is meant by antipodal signal and give one example? 18. Why is ASK called as ON-OFF keying? 19. What are the differences between QASK and QPSK?
PART B (16 MARKS) 1. (i) Draw FSK Transmitter and explain. Describe its Bandwidth Considerations. (8)
(ii) For a BPSK modulator with a Carrier frequency of 70 MHz and an input bit rate of 10 Mbps, determine the maximum and minimum upper and lower side frequencies, draw the output spectrum, determine the minimum Nyquist bandwidth, and calculate the baud (Assume f= 5MHz) 2) (i) Draw and explain the operations of Non-coherent and coherent FSK modulators. (8) (ii) Draw QPSK modulator and explain. Describe its Bandwidth considerations. (8) 3) (i) Explain the principle of FSK transmitter and receiver. (10) (ii) Write short notes on the spectrum and bandwidth of FSK. (6) 4) (i) Compare the various types of digital modulation techniques. (8) (ii) Explain the eye patterns in base band digital transmission with a neat diagram. (8) 5) Describe FSK transmitter and FSK receiver. 6) Explain in detail carrier recovery with a suitable block diagram. 7) (i) Describe with neat diagram, the operation of a QPSK modulator. Draw its phasor and constellation diagram. (10) (ii) Explain the bandwidth considerations of QPSK system. (6)
8) What is carrier recovery? Discuss how carrier recovery is achieved by the squaring loop and Costas loop circuits. (16) 9) Draw the block diagram of FSK receiver and explain the operation. Determine the: (i) peak frequency deviation (ii) minimum bandwidth (iii) baud for FSK signal with a mark frequency of 49 kHz, space frequency of 51 kHz, and input bit rate of 2 kbps. 10) Draw the block diagram of QPSK modulator and explain its operation. For QPSK modulator, construct the truth table, phasor diagram and constellation diagram. 11) What is known as Binary phase shift keying? Discuss in detail the BPSK transmitter and Receiver and also obtain the minimum double sided Nyquist bandwidth. 12) (i) Illustrate the concept of 8 QAM transmitter with the truth table. (8) (ii) What is the need for carrier Recovery? Explain the Costas loop method of carrier recovery. (8)
UNIT III
PART A (2 MARKS) 1. State sampling theorem.
2. What is aliasing? 3. How to avoid aliasing effect. 4. Define eye pattern. 5. Define PAM. 6. Construct NRZ and RZ format for 011010. 7. Define adaptive equalization. 8. Define ISI. 9. Define Nyquist Criteria. 10. What is the interpretation obtained from eye pattern? 11. Define Nyquist sampling theorem. 12. For the signal m ( t) = 3 cos 500 3.14 t + 4 sin 1000*3.14 t , Determine the Nyquist sampling rate. 13. Draw PWM and PPM waveforms. 14. Draw the Eye pattern and indicate how ISI is measured from it. 15. What are the advantages of digital transmission? 16. Define companding. 17. Define dynamic range. 18. Determine the Nyquist sample rate for a maximum analog input frequency of (a) 4 KHz (b) 10 KHz. 19. Distinguish between DM and ADM.
6. Write notes on adaptive equalization. 7. (i) Describe in detail the PCM technique with focus on its sampling rate, and signal to quantization Noise ratio. (8) (ii) What is ISI? Explain the applications of eye pattern to detect ISI. (8)
8. (i) With a block diagram, explain the adaptive Delta Modulation technique. (8) (ii) What is DPCM? Explain its principle with neat block diagram. (8) 9. (i) Explain the elements of PCM system with a neat block diagram. (12) (ii) What is companding? (4) 10 (i) Find the signal amplitude for minimum quantization error in a delta modulation system if step size is 1 volt having repetition period 1 ms. The information signal operates at 100 Hz. (ii) Describe the operation of DPCM system with a relevant diagram.(12) 11. For a PCM system with the following parameters, determine (i) Minimum sampling rate (ii) Minimum number of bits used in the PCM code (iii) Resolution and (iv) Quantization error Maximum analog input frequency = 4 KHz Maximum decoded voltage at the receiver = 2.55 V Minimum dynamic range = 46 dB. 12. Describe DPCM transmitter and receiver with suitable block diagram. 13. (i) Draw the block diagram of a PCM transmitter and explain the function of each block. (6) (ii) What are the types of sampling? Explain the operation of the sample and hold circuit. (10) 14. Draw the block diagram and describe the operation of a delta modulator. What are its advantages and disadvantages compared to a PCM system? (16) 15. What is companding? Explain analog companding process with the help of block diagram. 16. How does delta modulation differ from PCM? Explain delta modulation transmitter with the help of a block diagram. 17. (i) Explain in detail the Delta modulation transmitter and Receiver. (10) (ii) Discuss the draw backs of delta modulation and explain the significance of adaptive delta modulator. (6)
UNIT V
PART A (2 MARKS)
1. Define pseudo noise sequence. 2. Define spread spectrum technique 3. Differentiate Slow and fast FH SS technique. 4. Differentiate TDMA and FDMA.
5. Define processing gain for DS SS technique 6. What are the advantages of Spread Spectrum techniques? 7. Differentiate DS SS and FH-SS. 8. Define processing gain for FH SS technique 9. What are the disadvantages of DS SS techniques? 10. What are the advantages of FH SS techniques? 11. What are the applications of spread spectrum modulation? 12. Design processing gain in spread spectrum modulation. 13. Define effective jamming power and processing. 14. What is the principle of frequency hopping spread spectrum? 15. A spread spectrum communication system has the following parameters; information bit duration Tb = 4.095 ms, PN chip duration Tc = 1 ms. Determine Processing Gain. 16. What is meant by slow frequency hopping and fast-frequency hopping? 17. What is frequency hopping? 18. What is meant by an orthogonal code? 19. Define Pseudo-noise sequence? 20. What are the different types of multiple access techniques? 21. What is the significance of PN sequence? 22. What are the types of FH spread spectrum technique?
How PN sequences are generated? 17.(i) What is a Pseudo noise sequence? What are the properties of Pseudo noise sequence? (8) (ii) Describe the application of CDMA in Wireless communication system. (8) 18. (i) With a block diagram explain, DS spread spectrum with coherent binary PSK. (10) (ii) Explain the near-far problem in spread spectrum modulation? (6)