LECTURE

Water Quality Management

Seperation Engineers Pvt. Ltd.,

www.balasubramanian.org

SEPERATION ENGINEERS PVT.LTD.

Chennai

Consultant:

P.BALASUBRAMANIAN
M.Sc.(Engg.) F.I.E.(Ind)

B.E.,

Chairman & Managing Director

OVERVIEW
Water-General,resources,management Water and waste water Treatment Water Parameters Water quality control Discussion

 Normal=140 lpd City = 110 lpd Town = 70 lpd Rural = 30-40 lpd Chennai city=700-900 MLD Telugu ganga =100 MLD,<1TMC,800 crore New Veeranam=180 MLD,1000 crore,1TMC Ground water=70 MLD Cost of Desal water=5 paise/litre =10 times of Red hills water = 2 times of Veeranam water

Water requirement

Chennais water position

Poondi=3230 MCFT=323 kodi kanaadi Cholavaram=880 MCFT Chembarambakkam=3650 MCFT Redhills =3300 MCFT Total =11057 MCFT IVCRL,Minjur=500 crore,Desal,100MLD,200 days,0.5 TMC,Rs.48.66/m3,2008,TN New yr,15MLD ready Chembarambakkam=530 MLD plant

Environment Pollution
Environment Sustainability Index ESI for India water:-0.96 Tap water quality is less than Int. Stds. High no of water borne diseases in India Our W.T.P. is old and not upgraded Water quality is bad in Delhi and Chennai Excessive growth of algae in lake 2100-sea water=30 cm rise Temperature of atmosphere=4.1C rise

Why treat water and waste water

Pollution-outer ecology Internal use Scarce commodity Six children/min due to polluted drinking water

 Refinery Petrochemical Chemical Steel Paper Sewage Food Rain

Types of waste water

Fire water Service water Process water Drinking water Cooling water Boiler Feed water Softwater Polished water

Physical quality of waste water

Temperature Colour Odour Turbidity

Terminologies
BOD=Oxygen required to consume biodegradable organics COD=Oxygen required to consume both and inorganic compounds TS = TSS+TDS pH Alkalinity D.O organic

Quality of Raw Domestic Waste water

Total Solids-375 to 1800 mg/l BOD -110 to 400 mg/l COD -200 to 780 mg/l pH -6.7 to 7.5 Alkalinity -50 to 200 mg/l Hardness -180 to 350 mg/l

Raw water analysis

Alkalinity as caco3,mg/lit=150 Chloride = 35 Sulfate = 11 EMA = 46 Total Hardness = 150 Silica = 25

Major unit operations

Screening Grit Removal Suspended growth biological reactor Attached growth biological reactor Secondary clarifier Disinfection Coagulation

Remove objects Remove material Remove organics activated sludge Remove organics trickling filter Sedimentation Pathogens S.S,BOD,P

D.M.Water Analysis
pH Hardness Oil and fat Turbidity Silica Total solids,ppm Conductivity Free chlorine =7.5-8.5 = Nil = Nil = Nil = 0.2 =1.0 =3.0 =nil

Substance/Test

Unit

Desirable Limit

Physical Turbidity Chemical pH Hardness Chloride Iron Nitrate Fluoride Residual Chlorine Arsenic Bacteriological Coliforms E Coli

NTU

5 6.5-8.5 300 250 0.3 45 1.0 0.2-0.5 0.05 10 0

Number As (CaCo) Mg/1 (asCl)mg/1 (as Fe)mg/1 (as No)mg/1 (as F)mg/1 Mg/1 (as A) mg/1 MPN/100ml MPN/100ml

Total solids mg/lit =500 Colour units =5 Turbidity units =5 Taste and odour =nil Fe =0.3 Ca =75 Mg =50 So4 =200 Cl2 =200 pH =7.5-8.5

WHO Standards

Waste water Quality

pH=7.8 TSS=<30 COD=<200 BOD=<30

Major unit operations

Screening Grit Removal Suspended growth biological reactor Attached growth biological reactor Secondary clarifier Disinfection Coagulation

Remove objects Remove material Remove organics activated sludge Remove organics trickling filter Sedimentation Pathogens S.S,BOD,P

Common Effluent treatment PlantsTanneries

Treatment methodolgy Take care of: Sodium Chloride Chromium Salts S.S BOD

FOUR STEPS:

Segregate waste Py.Treatment Sy.biological treatment Disposal of solid waste

Vaniyambadi tannery

Chloride waste to solar pond Other stream to inlet chamber Screen and grit chamber Lime dosing Clarifier units Anaerobic lagoon Aerobic lagoon Sludge drying beds

Typical analysis of tannery effluent

pH=7.5-10 Total solids=10000-25000 Suspended solids=1250-6000 BOD=2000-3000

 Suspended solids=100 Dissolved solids =2000 pH =5.5.-9 Oil =10 BOD =5 COD =30 Cr =2 Lead =1 Ni =3 Sulpate =1000 Chloride =1000

Tolerance limits-TNPCB

Stages of Treatment
Primary treatment Secondary treatment Tertiary treatment (or advanced treatment)

Primary treatment

Oil Separation Screening Equalization Sedimentation Neutralization Flotation

2 Secondary treatment

Activated Sludge Process Extended Aeration Process Contact Stabilization Aerated Lagoons Wastewater Stabilization Ponds Trickling Filters Anaerobic treatment

Tertiary treatment
Micro Screening Precipitation Adsorption Ion Exchange Reverse osmosis Electrodialysis Chlorination

MBR-Membrane bioreactor

Integration of biological treatment & membrane seperation High turbidity waters,>20NTU High organic loads,TOC>10mg/l High biological contamination No conventional pretreatment 98% BOD is removed UF mebranes pore size=0.45 microns

Sludge from Treatment Process

SLUDGE TREATMENT
1.Thickening 1. Gravity 2. 2.Flotation 3. Centrifugation 2. Stabilization 1. Chiorine oxidation 2. Lime stabilization 3. Heat treatment 4. Aerobic digestion 5. Anaerobic digestion 3. Conditioning 1. Chemical 2. Heat treatment

Sludge Treatment

4. Dewatering
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Vacuum filter Filter press Horizontal belt filter Centrifugation Drying beds

5. Disposal
Land application Composting Land filling Incineration Recalcination

Water Quality management

Satisfactory service to customers Keep wastage to minimum Efficient control of manpower and supplies Efficient and economical maintenance Good and smooth operation Approved plans to meet emergencies Training of human resources Keep quality within approved norms

Units and Formulae

1 U.S.Gallon=3.785 litres=0.833 Imp. Gallon 1 M3=35.31 cft=264.2 U.S.Gallon=220 Imp Gallon 1 ppm=1 mg/lit 1 hp=0.746kw Al2(So4)3.18H2o,Na2Al2o4,Fecl3 Quick lime 90% Cao Polyelectrolytes Anionic-ionize to form negative sites Cationic-ionize to form positive sites Non ionic-slight ionization Jar Test Dosage,pH,floc size,settling characteristics,floc forming time,water clarity

Jar Test

Jar Test Dosage pH floc size settling characteristics floc forming time water clarity

Thanks