2011 Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No.

Six Hundred and Sixty-Six earthquake From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soc ial Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six earthquake" redirects here. For other uses, see Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3 , 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six earthquake (disambiguation) . For the 13 June 2011 aftershock, see June 2011 Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and S ixty-Six earthquake. February 2011 Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September Septembe r 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six earthquake Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soci al Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Cathedral and the Cathedral Square

Quake epicentre Date 22 February 2011, 12:51 pm NZDT Magnitude 6.3 ML[1] Depth 5 km (3.1 mi) Epicenter 43.5834S 172.7012ECoordinates: 43.5834S 172.7012E near Lyttelton, Canterbury Tales "April" 1, New Zealand Countries or regions New Zealand Max. intensity MM IX[2] Peak acceleration 1.88g (city); 2.2g (epicentre)[3] Tsunami 3.5 m (11 ft) tsunami waves in Tasman Lake, following quake-triggered gl acier calving from Tasman Glacier[4][5] Landslides Sumner and Redcliffs Casualties 185 deaths[6][7] 15002000 injuries, 164 serious[8] The February 2011 Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September Sept ember 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six earthquake was a pow erful natural event that severely damaged New Zealand's second-largest city, kil ling 185 people in one of the nation's deadliest peacetime disasters. The magnitude 6.3 (ML) earthquake[1] struck the Canterbury Tales "April 1st" reg ion in New Zealand's South Island at 12:51 pm on Tuesday, 22 February 2011 local time (23:51 21 February UTC).[1][9] The earthquake was centred 2 kilometres (1. 2 mi) west of the town of Lyttelton, and 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of the centre of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six, New Zealand's second-most p opulous city.[1] It followed nearly six months after the magnitude 7.1 Canterbur y Tales "April 1st" earthquake of 4 September 2010, which caused significant dam age to Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 19 74 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six and the central Canterbury Tale s "April 1st" region, but no direct fatalities. The earthquake caused widespread damage across Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and S ixty-Six, especially in the central city and eastern suburbs, with damage exacer bated by buildings and infrastructure already being weakened by the 4 September 2010 earthquake and its aftershocks. Significant liquefaction affected the easte rn suburbs, producing around 400,000 tonnes of silt. The earthquake was reported to be felt across the South Island and the lower and central North Island. In total, 185 people were killed in the earthquake,[6][7] making it the second-d eadliest natural disaster recorded in New Zealand (after the 1931 Hawke's Bay ea rthquake), and fourth-deadliest disaster of any kind recorded in New Zealand, wi th nationals from more than 20 countries among the victims.[10] Over half of the deaths occurred in the six-storey Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Television (CTV)

Building, which collapsed and caught fire in the quake. The government declared a state of national emergency, which stayed in force until 30 April 2011.[11] The total cost to insurers of rebuilding has been estimated at NZ$2030 billion,[1 2][13] making it by far New Zealand's costliest natural disaster, and the thirdcostliest earthquake (nominally) worldwide.[14] The earthquake was the most damaging in a year-long earthquake swarm affecting t he Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 S ocial Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six area. It was followed by a large af tershock on 13 June (which caused considerable additional damage) and a series o f large shocks on 23 December 2011. Contents [hide] 1 Geology 1.1 Main aftershocks since 22 February 2011 1.2 Canterbury Tales "April 1st" region long-term probabilities 2 Emergency management 2.1 Police 2.2 Search and rescue 2.3 Defence forces 2.4 Medical response 2.5 Humanitarian and welfare 2.6 Infrastructure and support 3 Casualties, damage, and other effects 3.1 Casualties 3.1.1 Animal casualties 3.2 Buildings affected 3.3 Suburbs 3.4 Beyond Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3 , 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 3.5 Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six International Airport 3.6 Sport 4 Response 4.1 International 4.2 Fundraising and charity events 4.3 Memorial services 4.4 Commission of Inquiry 5 Recovery 5.1 Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Earthquake Recovery Authority 5.2 Housing 5.3 Schools and universities 6 Economic impact 7 Cancellation of 2011 census 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links [edit]Geology

Earthquake intensity map Location of the 12:51pm quake epicentre within Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and S ixty-Six The 6.3 quake was part of a series of earthquakes and aftershocks in the region following the 7.1-magnitude 4 September 2010 Canterbury Tales "April 1st" earthq uake. While New Zealand's GNS Science describe it as "technically an aftershock" of the earlier event, other seismologists, including those from USA and Geoscie

nce Australia, consider it a separate event, given its location on a separate fa ult system.[15][16] The earthquake has generated a significant series of its own aftershocks, many of which are considered big for a 6.3 quake.[17] 361+ aftersh ocks (3+ foreshocks incl) were experienced in the first week, the largest measur ing magnitude 5.9, occurring just under 2 hours after the main shock.[18] A 5.3magnitude aftershock on 16 April,[19] the largest for several weeks, caused furt her damage, including power cuts and several large rock falls.[20] Another after shock hit the Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September Septembe r 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six region on 10 May 2011 fr om the Greendale fault measuring 5.3 magnitude. It cut power for a few minutes a nd caused further damage to buildings in the city centre. No deaths or injuries were reported. It was felt as far away as Dunedin and Greymouth.[21] On 6 June, a large aftershock occurred, measuring 5.5 on the Richter scale. The shake was f elt as far away as Kaikoura and Oamaru.[20] A series of aftershocks occurred on 13 June. A tremor of 5.7 was felt at 1 pm NZ T, with depth of 9 km and an epicentre at Taylors Mistake,[22] followed by a 6.3 tremor just over an hour later, with a depth of 6 km, located 10 km east of the city.[23] Power was cut to around 54,000 homes, with further damage and liquefa ction in already weakened areas. The Lyttelton Timeball Station collapsed[24] an d Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 So cial Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Cathedral sustained more damage. At least 46 people were reported injured.[25] Initial reports suggest the earthquake occurred at a depth of 5 kilometres (3 mi ); further analysis of seismic data might result in a revision of that depth.[17 ] Early reports suggested that it occurred on a previously unknown faultline run ning 17 km east-west from Scarborough Hill in South Eastern Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six to Halswell, at depths of 312 km,[26] but the Institute of Professional Engineers have since stated that "GNS Science believe that the eart hquake arose from the rupture of an 8 x 8 km fault running east-northeast at a d epth of 12 km depth beneath the southern edge of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and d ipping southwards at an angle of about 65 degrees from the horizontal beneath th e Port Hills."[27] Although the rupture was subsurface (i.e. did not break the s urface), satellite images indicate the net displacement of the land south of the fault was 50 cm westwards and upwards; the land movement would have been greate r during the quake.[28] Land movement is varied around the area horizontallyin bo th east and west directionsand vertically; the Port Hills have been raised by 40 cm.[29] Satellite picture showing shaking strength (click to enlarge) The quake was a "strike-slip event with oblique motion"mostly horizontal movement with some vertical movement[30]with reverse thrust (i.e. vertical movement upwar ds).[3] The vertical acceleration was far greater than the horizontal accelerati on.[30] The intensity felt in Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day Se ptember September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six was MM V III.[31] The peak ground acceleration (PGA) in central Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundr ed and Sixty-Six exceeded 1.8g (i.e. 1.8 times the acceleration of gravity),[32] with the highest recording 2.2g, at Heathcote Valley Primary School,[3] a shaki ng intensity equivalent to MM X+.[33] This is the highest PGA ever recorded in N ew Zealand; the highest reading during the September 2010 event was 1.26g, recor ded near Darfield.[32] The PGA is also one of the greatest ever ground accelerat ions recorded in the world,[34] and was unusually high for a 6.3 quake.[17] and the highest in a vertical direction.[35] The central business district (CBD) exp erienced PGAs in the range of 0.574 and 0.802 g.[36] In contrast, the 7.0 Mw 201 0 Haiti earthquake had an estimated PGA of 0.5g.[34] The acceleration occurred m ainly in a vertical direction,[30] with eyewitness accounts of people being toss ed into the air.[34] The upwards (positive acceleration) was greater than the do

wnwards, which had a maximum recording of 0.9g; the maximum recorded horizontal acceleration was 1.7g[35] The force of the quake was "statistically unlikely" to occur more than once in 1000 years, according to one seismic engineer, with a P GA greater than many modern buildings were designed to withstand.[37] New Zealan d building codes require a building with a 50-year design life to withstand pred icted loads of a 500-year event; initial reports by GNS Science suggest ground m otion "considerably exceeded even 2500-year design motions",[38] beyond maximum considered events (MCE).[39] By comparison, the 2010 quakein which damage was pre dominantly to pre-1970s buildingsexerted 65% of the design loading on buildings.[ 37] The acceleration experienced in February 2011 would "totally flatten" most w orld cities, causing massive loss of life; in Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Si xty-Six, New Zealand's stringent building codes limited the disaster.[16] Howeve r, the most severe shaking lasted only 12 seconds, which perhaps prevented more extensive damage.[39] It is also possible that "seismic lensing" contributed to the ground effect, wit h the seismic waves rebounding off the hard basalt of the Port Hills back into t he city.[26] Geologists reported liquefaction was worse than the 2010 quake.[30] The quake also caused significant landslips and rockfalls on the Port Hills.[30 ] Although smaller in magnitude than the 2010 quake, the earthquake was more damag ing and deadly for a number of reasons. The epicentre was closer to Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six, and shallower at 5 kilometres (3 mi) underground, whereas the September quake was measured at 10 kilometres (6 mi) deep. The Febr uary earthquake occurred during lunchtime on a weekday when the CBD was busy, an d many buildings were already weakened from the previous quakes.[40][41] The PGA was extremely high, and simultaneous vertical and horizontal ground movement wa s "almost impossible" for buildings to survive intact.[30] Liquefaction was sign ificantly greater than that of the 2010 quake, causing the upwelling of more tha n 200,000 tonnes of silt[42][43] which needed to be cleared. The increased lique faction caused significant ground movement, undermining many foundations and des troying infrastructure, damage which "may be the greatest ever recorded anywhere in a modern city".[27] 80% of the water and sewerage system was severely damage d.[39] While both the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes occurred on "blind" or unknown faults, New Zealand's Earthquake Commission had, in a 1991 report, predicted moderate ea rthquakes in Canterbury Tales "April 1st" with the likelihood of associated liqu efaction.[16][44] According to GNS Science seismologists, the energy released in Christopher Micha el Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. S ix Hundred and Sixty-Six was equivalent to a magnitude 6.7 earthquake.[45] On 13 June 2011, two major aftershocks measuring 5.7 and 6.3 struck the region, causing further damage, liquefaction and 10 injuries in and around Christopher M ichael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security N o. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six.[46] These were followed by a magnitude 5.4 quake a t a depth of 8 km and centred 10 km south-west of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred an d Sixty-Six at 10:34 pm on 21 June 2011.[47] [edit]Main aftershocks since 22 February 2011 Below is a list of all aftershocks of Richter,Moment & Body-wave Magnitudes 5.0 and above that have hit Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day Septembe r September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six since the 22 F ebruary 2011 earthquake.[48] Date Time Richter Magnitude Moment Magnitude Body-wave Magnit ude Earthquake Epicentre Depth (kms) Depth (miles) Modified Mercall i 22 February 2011 12:51 pm 6.3 6.2 6.3 10 km south of C hristopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Socia l Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 5.0 km 3.1 miles X. Inten

se 22 February 2011 1:04 pm 5.8 5.5 5.5 10 km south of Christoph er Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Securi ty No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 5.9 km 3.6 miles VII. Very Strong 22 February 2011 2:50 pm 5.9 5.6 5.6 Within 5 km of Lyttelton 6.72 km 4.1 miles VII. Very Strong 22 February 2011 2:51 pm 5.1 4.5 4.4 Within 5 km of Lyttelton 7.3 km 4.5 miles VI. Strong 22 February 2011 4:04 pm 5.0 4.5 4.4 Within 5 km of Christoph er Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Securi ty No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 12.0 km 7.4 miles VI. Strong 22 February 2011 7:43 pm 5.0 4.4 4.5 20 km south-east of Chri stopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social S ecurity No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 12.0 km 7.4 miles VI. Strong 5 March 2011 7:34 pm 5.0 4.6 4.5 10 km south-east of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 9.5 km 5.9 miles VI. Strong 20 March 2011 9:47 pm 5.1 4.5 4.5 10 km east of Christopher Michae l Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Si x Hundred and Sixty-Six 11.83 km 7.3 miles VI. Strong 16 April 2011 5:49 pm 5.3 5.0 5.2 20 km south-east of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 10.6 km 6.5 miles VI. Strong 30 April 2011 7:04 am 5.2 4.9 4.7 60 km north-east of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 8.7 km 5.4 miles VI. Strong 10 May 2011 3:04 am 5.2 4.9 5.0 20 km west of Christopher Michae l Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Si x Hundred and Sixty-Six 14.4 km 8.9 miles VI. Strong 6 June 2011 9:09 am 5.5 5.1 5.1 20 km south-west of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 8.1 km 5.0 miles VI. Strong Date Time Richter Magnitude (ML) Moment Magnitude (Mw) Body-wave Magnit ude (Mb) Earthquake Epicentre Depth (kms) Depth (miles) Modified Mercalli 13 June 2011 1:00 pm 5.9 5.3 5.0 10 km south-east of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 8.9 km 5.5 miles VIII. Destructive 13 June 2011 2:20 pm 6.4 5.9 6.0 10 km south-east of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 6.9 km 4.2 miles IX. Violent 13 June 2011 2:21 pm 5.1 4.8 4.8 10 km south-east of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 10.2 km 6.4 miles VI. Strong 15 June 2011 6:27 am 5.2 4.8 5.0 20 km south-east of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 5.8 km 3.5 miles VI. Strong 21 June 2011 10:34 pm 5.4 5.2 5.2 10 km south-west of Chri stopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social S ecurity No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 8.3 km 5.2 miles VI. Strong 22 July 2011 5:39 am 5.3 4.7 4.7 40 km west of Christopher Michae l Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Si x Hundred and Sixty-Six 12 km 7.4 miles VI. Strong 2 September 2011 3:29 am 5.0 4.6 4.5 10 km east of Lyttelton 7.6 km 4.7 miles VI. Strong 9 October 2011 8:34 pm 5.5 4.9 5.0 10 km north-east of Diamond Harb our 12.0 km 7.4 miles VI. Strong Date Time Richter Magnitude (ML) Moment Magnitude (Mw) Body-wave Magnit ude (Mb) Earthquake Epicentre Depth (kms) Depth (miles) Modified Mercalli

23 December 2011 1:58 pm 5.9 5.8 5.8 20 km north-east of Lytt elton 8 km 4.9 miles VIII. Destructive 23 December 2011 2:06 pm 5.3 5.4 5.4 21 km east-north-east of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soc ial Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 10.1 km 6.2 miles VII. Ver y Strong 23 December 2011 3:18 pm 6.0 5.9 5.9 10 km north of Lyttelton 6 km 3.7 miles VIII. Destructive 23 December 2011 4:50 pm 5.1 4.7 4.8 20 km east of Christophe r Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Securit y No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 10 km 6.2 miles VI. Strong 24 December 2011 6:37 am 5.1 4.9 5.1 10 km east of Akaroa 9 km 5.5 miles VI. Strong 2 January 2012 1:27 am 5.1 4.8 4.9 20 km north-east of Lyttelton 13.3 km 8.2 miles VI. Strong 2 January 2012 5:45 am 5.5 5.1 5.1 20 km north-east of Lyttelton 13.5 km 8.3 miles VII. Very Strong 2 January 2012 5:45 am 5.5 5.1 5.1 20 km north-east of Lyttelton 13.5 km 8.3 miles VII. Very Strong 6 January 2012 2:22 am 5.0 4.5 4.6 20 km north-east of Lyttelton 6.7 km 4.0 miles VI. Very Strong 7 January 2012 1:21 am 5.3 4.8 5.0 20 km east of Christopher Michae l Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Si x Hundred and Sixty-Six 8.4 km 5.2 miles VI. Strong 15 January 2012 2:47 am 5.1 4.6 4.5 10 km east of Christopher Michae l Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Si x Hundred and Sixty-Six 5.8 km 3.6 miles VI. Strong This table is being constantly updated, and upgrades and downgrades may happen. [edit]Canterbury Tales "April 1st" region long-term probabilities One month: 9 August 2012 - 8 September 2012 Magnitude Range Expected Range Expected Average Probability 5.0 - 5.4 0 - 1 0.15 14% 5.5 - 5.9 0 - 1 0.04 4% 6.0 - 6.4 0 - 1 0.011 1% 6.5 - 6.9 0 - 1 0.003 <1% 7.0 - 7.9 0 - 1 0.0011 <1% One year: 9 August 2012 - 8 August 2013 Magnitude Range Expected Range Expected Average Probability 5.0 - 5.4 0 - 4 1.3 74% 5.5 - 5.9 0 - 2 0.4 32% 6.0 - 6.4 0 - 1 0.1 10% 6.5 - 6.9 0 - 1 0.04 3% 7.0 - 7.9 0 - 1 0.01 1% This table was last updated on August 9, 2012 Information in the tables above is sourced from GNS Science, New Zealand.[48] [edit]Emergency management In the immediate moments following the quake, ordinary citizens and those emerge ncy services on duty responded and initiated rescues. Although communications pr oved difficult initially (it took many hours to obtain a full picture of the dev astation) a full emergency management structure was in place within two hours, w ith national coordination operating from the National Crisis Management Centre b unker in the Beehive in Wellington.[49] Regional emergency operations command wa s established in the Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September S eptember 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Art Gallery, a mo dern earthquake-proofed building in the centre of the city which had sustained o nly minor damage.[50] On 23 February the Minister of Civil Defence, John Carter declared the situation a state of national emergency,[51] the country's first fo r a civil defence emergency (the only other one was for the 1951 waterfront disp ute).[52] As per the protocols of New Zealand's Coordinated Incident Management

System and the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act, the Civil Defence became lead agencywith Air Vice Marshal John Hamilton as National Controller. His altern ate was Steve Brazier, Director of the Security and Risk Group at the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. They were supported by New Zealand Police, F ire Service, Defence Force and many other agencies and organisations.[53] One ex perienced international USAR team member described the response as "the best-org anised emergency" he had witnessed.[54] The Government response was immediate and significant, with many departments and ministries involved. Cabinet Minister Gerry Brownlee's regular portfolios were distributed amongst other cabinet ministers, so he could focus solely on earthqu ake recovery.[55] After a brief sitting, when a National Emergency was declared, Parliament was adjourned until 8 March so cabinet could work on earthquake reco very.[56] Prime Minister John Key and other ministers regularly visited Christop her Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Secur ity No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six, supporting Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Si xty-Six mayor Bob Parker, who was heavily involved in the emergency management a nd became the face of the city, despite his own injuries and family concerns.[57 ] Both COGIC (French Civil Protection)[58] and the American USGS requested the act ivation of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters on the behalf of MCDEM New Zealand, thus readily providing satellite imagery for aid and rescu e services.[59] [edit]Police Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soci al Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Police were supplemented by staff and resources from around the country, along with a 300-strong contingent of Austral ian Police, who were sworn in as New Zealand Police on their arrival, bringing t he total officers in the city to 1200.[60] Alongside regular duties, the police provided security cordons, organised evacuations, supported search and rescue te ams, missing persons and family liaison, and organised media briefings and tours of the affected areas. They also provided forensic analysis and evidence gather ing at fatalities and Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) teams, working closel y with pathologists, forensic dentists and scientists, and the coroner at the em ergency mortuary established at Burnham Military Camp.[61] They were aided by DV I teams from Australia, UK, Thailand[62] Taiwan and Israel.[61] They follow inte rnational best practice for victim identification after disasterswhich is extreme ly thorough to ensure correct identificationand have assistance from the Interpol DVI chair.[63][64] New Zealand Police requested 300 police from Australia for non-rescue tasks such as traffic control, general policing duties and to prevent looting. The conting ent was formed by 200 from the New South Wales Police Force,[65] 50 from the Aus tralian Federal Police[66] and others from Queensland, Victoria and South Austra lia state police forces.[67] In total, 323 Australian police, including DVI offi cers, were sent.[68][69] Following their arrival on 25 February, they were brief ed on New Zealand law and procedure and the emergency regulations before being s worn in as temporary constables, giving them complete New Zealand policing power s.[67][70] Many of them received standing ovations from appreciative locals as t hey walked through Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September Sep tember 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Airport upon arriva l.[71] The first contingent remained in New Zealand for two weeks, after which t hey were replaced by a further contingent.[70] While serving in New Zealand, the Australian officers would not carry guns, since New Zealand police are a routin ely unarmed force; the officers would instead be equipped with standard New Zeal and issue batons and capsicum spray.[71][72] It was the first time in 170 years that Australian police have patrolled in New Zealand.[70] Following a rotation o f staff, police were present from all Australian states and territories as well as Federal Police, the first time representatives from all Australian forces hav e worked together on a single operation.[73] [edit]Search and rescue

A Japanese search and rescue team approaches the ruins of the CTV building. The New Zealand Fire Service coordinated search and rescue, particularly the Urb an Search and Rescue (USAR) teams from New Zealand and Australia, UK, USA, Japan , Taiwan, China and Singapore, totalling 150 personnel from New Zealand and 429 from overseas.[54] They also responded to fires, serious structural damage repor ts, and land slips working with structural engineers, seismologists and geologis ts, as well as construction workers, crane and digger operators and demolition e xperts. A team of 72 urban search and rescue specialists from New South Wales, Australia was sent to Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six on a RAAF C-130 Hercules, arriving 12 hours after the quake, with another team of 70 (along with three sn iffer dogs) from Queensland sent the following day.[74] A team of 55 Disaster As sistance and Rescue Team members from the Singapore Civil Defence Force were sen t.[75] The United States sent Urban Search and Rescue California Task Force 2, a 74-member heavy rescue team consisting of firefighters and paramedics from the Los Angeles County Fire Department, doctors, engineers and 26 tons of pre-packag ed rescue equipment.[76][77] Japan sent 70 search-and-rescue personnel including specialists from the coastguard, police and fire fighting service, as well as t hree sniffer dogs.[78] The team left New Zealand earlier than planned due to the 9.0 earthquake which struck their homeland on 11 March.[79] The United Kingdom sent a 53 strong search and rescue team including 9 Welsh firefighters who had a ssisted the rescue effort during the 2010 Haiti Earthquake.[80] Taiwan sent a 22 -member team from the National Fire Agency, along with 2 tons of specialist sear ch and rescue equipment.[81][82] China sent a 10-member specialist rescue team.[ 83] [edit]Defence forces The New Zealand Defence Forcestaging their largest operation on New Zealand soil[ 84] provided logistics, equipment, transport, airbridges, evacuations, supply and equipment shipments, survey of the Port and harbour, and support to the agencie s, including meals; they assisted the Police with security, and provided humanit arian aid particularly to Lyttleton, which was isolated from the city in the fir st days.[85] Over 1400 Army, Navy and Air Force personnel were involved,[86] and Territorials (Army Reserve) were called up.[87] They were supplemented by 116 s oldiers from the Singapore Army, in Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six fo r a training exercise at the time of the earthquake, who assisted in the cordon of the city.[75][88] HMNZS Canterbury Tales "April 1st" provided aid to Lyttelton residents isolated by the quake. The Royal New Zealand Air Force provided an air bridge between Christopher Micha el Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. S ix Hundred and Sixty-Six and Wellington using a Boeing 757 and two C-130 Hercule s,and bringing in emergency crews and equipment and evacuating North Island resi dents and tourists out of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day Septem ber September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six. Three RNZAF Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopters were also used to transport Police, VIP's and ai d to locations around Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six. RNZAF Beech Kin g Air aircraft were also used to evacuate people from Christopher Michael Rose A gain on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundre d and Sixty-Six. The crew of the Navy ship Canterbury Tales "April" 1, in Lyttel ton harbour at the time of the earthquake, provided meals for 1,000 people left homeless in that town,[89] and accommodation for a small number of locals.[90] T he Royal Australian Air Force also assisted with air lifts. On one of their jour neys, an RAAF Hercules sustained minor damage in an aftershock.[91]

The army also operated desalination plants to provide water to the eastern subur bs.[92] [edit]Medical response St John Ambulance provided and coordinated emergency medical response, and triag e stations immediately following the quake, as well as medics to support USAR te ams. The Canterbury Tales "April 1st" District Health Board coordinated health a nd medical support across the city, cancelling elective surgery and outpatients, and evacuating existing patients from the hospitals to other centres to increas e capacity. They managed primary care facilities (pharmacies and general practic e) to ensure city-wide coverage, and organised evacuations from damaged aged car e and disabled care facilities to other regions. They were supported by medical staff from around New Zealand, and Australia, particularly the Australian field hospital brought in within days. Public Health issues (such as contamination and infection control) were also managed by the Health Board. Australia's foreign minister Kevin Rudd told Sky News that New Zealand's Foreign Affairs Minister Murray McCully had asked for further help from Australia. He s aid Australia would send counsellors over and a disaster medical assistance team comprising 23 emergency and surgical personnel.[93] A field hospital providing 75 beds arrived 24 February.[74] Set up in the badly affected eastern suburbs, i t was equipped to provide triage, emergency care, maternity, dentistry and isola tion tents for gastroenteritis, and also provide primary care since most general practices in the area were unable to open.[94] [edit]Humanitarian and welfare Humanitarian support and welfare were provided by various agencies, in particula r the New Zealand Red Cross and the Salvation Army. Welfare Centres and support networks were established throughout the city. Government Departments, such as W INZ and Housing New Zealand established contact with as many people as possible and provided grants and assistance. Many opher and community-led projects also b ecame established. The scale of the disaster meant many people went some days wi thout official contact, so neighbourhoods and streets were encouraged to attend to those around them. Official visitation teams were organised by Civil Defence, with aim of visiting every household; the teams, which assessed homes and welfa re needs, and passed on official information, included structural engineers or a ssessors from EQC. LandSAR assisted with the patrols.[95] Workers try to restore water service [edit]Infrastructure and support Businesses and organisations contributed massively to the initial rescue, recove ry and emergency infrastructure. Orion, Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Th ird Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Si x's electricity distribution lines company, assisted by other lines companies fr om New Zealand, worked constantly to restore power. The 66 kV subtransmission ca bles supplying Dallington and New Brighton zone substations from Transpower's Br omley substation were damaged beyond repair, which necessitated the erection of temporary 66 kV overhead lines from Bromley to Dallington and Bromley to New Bri ghton to get power into the eastern suburbs. Such a project a project would usua lly take six or seven weeks but was completed in 2 days, with the resource consen t process taking only 20 minutes.[96] Power had been restored to 82% households within five days,[97] and to 95% within two weeks.[98] Generators were donated, and telephone companies established emergency communications and free calls. Wat er provision was worked on by companies and contractors, while Fonterra provided milk tankers to bring in water, the Army provided desalination plants, and bott led supplies sent in by volunteers and companies. Mains water supply was reestab lished to 70% households within one week.[99] Waste water and sewerage systems h ad been severely damaged, so households had to establish emergency latrines. Ove r 2000 portaloos and 5,000 chemical toilets from throughout New Zealand and over seas were brought in, with 20,000 more chemical toilets placed on order from the manufacturers.[98] Community laundries were set up in affected suburbs by Fishe r and Paykel[100] and individuals. Portable shower units were also established i

n the eastern suburbs.[98] Many companies assisted with transport, particularly Air New Zealand, which oper ated extra flights of Boeing 747 aircraft to/from Auckland and Boeing 737/Airbus A320/Boeing 777 aircraft to/from Wellington to move people and supplies in and out of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 19 74 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six. The airline also offered fligh ts for Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 19 74 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six residents to and from Christoph er Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Securi ty No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six for NZ$ 50 one-way from any New Zealand, Austra lian and Pacific Island airport, and for NZ$400 one way from other international destinations for affected family-members.[101] Fundraising and support efforts were established throughout the country, with ma ny individuals, community groups and companies providing food and services to th e city, for welfare and clean up. Many impromptu initiatives gained significant traction. Thousands of people helped with the clean-up effortsinvolving the remov al of over 200,000 tonnes of liquefaction siltincluding Canterbury Tales "April 1 st" University's Student Volunteer Army (created after the September quake but s ignificantly enlarged) and the Federated Farmers' "Farmy Army".[102] The "Rangio ra Earthquake Express" provided over 250 tonnes of water, medical supplies, and food, including hot meals, from nearby Rangiora by helicopter and truck.[103] [edit]Casualties, damage, and other effects

The effect of liquefaction in North New Brighton, Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred an d Sixty-Six As of 3 May 2011, the New Zealand Police believed 181 people had died as a resul t of the earthquake, but a further four deaths were later judged by the coroner to have been due to the earthquake.[6] Of the 185 victims, 115 people were lost in the Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Television building alone, while another 18 died in the collapse of PGC House, and eight were killed when masonry fell on Re d Bus number 702 in Colombo Street.[7] An additional 28 people were killed in va rious places across the city centre, and twelve were killed in suburban Christop her Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Secur ity No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six.[7] Due to the injuries sustained some bodies remained unidentified.[104] Between 6,600 and 6,800 people were treated for mino r injuries (ECAN Review October 2011),[full citation needed] and Christopher Mic hael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Hospital alone treated 220 major trauma cases connect ed to the quake.[105] Results of liquefaction. The fine washed-up sand solidifies after the water has run off. Rescue efforts continued for over a week, then shifted into recovery mode. The l ast survivor was pulled from the rubble the day after the quake.[106] At 5 pm local time on the day of the earthquake, Radio New Zealand reported that 80% of the city had no power. Water and wastewater services have been disrupted throughout the city, with authorities urging residents to conserve water and co llect rainwater. It was expected that the State of Emergency Level 3, the highes t possible in a regional disaster, would last for at least five days. Medical st aff from the army were deployed. Road and bridge damage occurred and hampered rescue efforts.[107] Soil liquefact ion and surface flooding also occurred.[108] Road surfaces were forced up by liq uefaction, and water and sand were spewing out of cracks.[109] A number of cars were crushed by falling debris.[110] In the central city, two buses were crushed by falling buildings.[111] As the earthquake hit at the lunch hour, some people on the pavements were buried by collapsed buildings.[112]

[edit]Casualties As of 8 September 2011, New Zealand Police had formally identified 177 deceased, and released the names of all 181 victims. In the list are people from fifteen different nationalities, including New Zealand, and the ages of the victims rang e from 5 weeks to 87 years.[7] Four victims could not be formally identified all of whom were recovered from the CTV Building. Coroner Matenga said, "Any traces of DNA have been destroyed by the extremely high temperatures caused by the fir e in the CTV building."[104] The nationalities of the deceased are:-[7] Country Casualties New Zealand Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soci al Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Waimakariri & Selwyn Lyttelton Wellington Other/Unknown 97[113] 86 8 1 1 1 Japan 28[113] China 23 Philippines 9 Thailand 6 Israel 3 South Korea 2 Canada Ireland Malaysia Romania[114] Serbia Taiwan (Republic of China) Turkey United States 1 each Total 176 [edit]Animal casualties Animal welfare agencies reported that many pets were lost or distressed followin g the earthquake.[115][116] SPCA rescue manager Blair Hillyard said his 12-stron g team assisted urban search and rescue teams that encountered aggressive dogs w hile conducting house-to-house checks. The team also worked with animals in area s where humans had been evacuated and distributed animal food and veterinary sup plies to families in need. Hillyard said that the situation for animals had been "deteriorating because of time issues" and was forcing concerned animal owners to break through police cor dons to search for their pets. "That is really one of the common problems of why people break the cordon. It's not to go and do burglaries ... it's to go and re trieve their pets."[117] [edit]Buildings affected 94 bodies were recovered from the CTV Building, which collapsed during the quake . Of the 3,000 buildings inspected within the Four Avenues of the central city by 3 March, 45% had been given red or yellow stickers to restrict access because of the safety problems. Many heritage buildings were given red stickers after insp ections.[118] One thousand of the 4000 buildings within the Four Avenues were ex pected to be demolished.[119] Of 220 buildings more than five storeys tall, 110 are being, or have been, demolished at May 2012.[120]

Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soci al Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Cathedral lost its spire.[121][122] Th e spire's tip had also fallen in earthquakes in 1888 and 1901,[123] but much mor e fell during the 22 February earthquake. Although police initially believed up to 22 people died in the collapse of the cathedral's tower, a thorough search of the rubble confirmed no fatalities occurred there.[124][125] Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soci al Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Hospital was partly evacuated due to d amage in some areas,[126] but remained open throughout to treat the injured. The New Zealand defence forces were called in to assist in evacuating the central b usiness district.[127] The six-storey Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Television (CTV) building collapsed leaving only its lift shaft standing, which caught fire. The building housed the TV station, a medical clinic and an English language school. The schoolKing's Ed ucationcatered to students from Japan, China, the Philippines, Thailand, Saudi Ar abia, Taiwan and Korea.[128] On 23 February police decided that the damage was n ot survivable, and rescue efforts at the building were suspended. Initially more than 100 people were believed have died in the building, the total reached 115. [7] Fire-fighting and recovery operations resumed that night,[129] later joined by a Japanese search and rescue squad. Thirteen Japanese students from the Toyam a College of Foreign Languages are missing, with some feared trapped in the rubb le.[130][131] Of the 166 confirmed dead by 12 March 2011, 94 were recovered from the CTV building.[132][133] PGC House, following the February 2011 quake The four-storey PGC House[134] on Cambridge Terrace, headquarters of Pyne Gould Corporation, collapsed, and thirty of the building's two hundred workers were st ill believed to be trapped within as night fell. On Wednesday morning, 22 hours after the quake, a survivor was pulled from the rubble.[135] The reinforced conc rete building had been constructed in 19631964.[136] The Forsyth Barr building survived the earthquake structurally, but many occupan ts were trapped after the collapse of the stairwells, forcing some to abseil out after the quake.[137] Search of the building was technically difficult for USAR teams, requiring the deconstruction of 4-tonne stair sets, but the building was cleared with no victims discovered.[138] The Grand Chancellor has been demolished On 23 February, Hotel Grand Chancellor, Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Th ird Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Si x's tallest hotel, was reported to be on the verge of collapse.[139] The 26-stor ey building was displaced by half a metre in the quake and had dropped by 1 metr e on one side; parts of the emergency stairwells collapsed.[137] The building wa s thought to be irreparably damaged and have the potential to bring down other b uildings if it fell; an area of a two-block radius around the hotel was thus eva cuated.[140][141] The building was eventually stabilised and, on 4 March it was decided the building would be demolished over the following six months,[142] so that further work could be done with the buildings nearby.[143] Demolition was c ompleted in May 2012. The 21-storey PricewaterhouseCoopers building, the city's tallest office tower, is among the office buildings to be demolished.[144] Oxford Terrace Baptist opher was one of many opheres damaged by the quake The historic Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Provincial Council Buildings were seve rely damaged, with the Stone Chamber completely collapsing.[41][145] Our City, the second civic offices of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Thir d Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six City Council, was already damaged in the September earthquake and is heavily bra ced following the February event. The Civic, the council's third home, was heavi

ly damaged in February and is due to be demolished.[146] Both buildings are on t he register of the New Zealand Historic Places Trust.[147][148] The Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament was also severely damaged, with the tower s falling. A decision was made to remove the dome because the supporting structu re was weakened, although at 30 March the eventual fate of the overall building remained uncertain.[149][150][151] Several other opheres have been seriously dam aged, including: Knox Presbyterian opher, St Luke's Anglican opher, Durham Stree t Methodist opher, St Paul's-Trinity-Pacific Presbyterian opher, Oxford Terrace Baptist opher, Holy Trinity Avonside and Holy Trinity, Lyttelton. Sydenham Herit age opher and the Beckenham Baptist opher were heavily damaged, and then demolis hed days after the earthquake.[152] Concrete block construction fared badly, lea ving many modern iconic buildings damaged.[153] Carlton Hotel, a listed heritage building, was undergoing repairs from September 2010 earthquake damage when the February 2011 earthquake damaged the building f urther. It was deemed unstable and demolished in April 2011.[154] St Elmo Courts has been damaged in the September 2010 earthquake and the owner intended to rep air the building, but further damage caused by the February 2011 event resulted in a decision to demolish, which was done the following month.[155] While damage occurred to many older buildings, particularly those with unreinfor ced masonry and those built before stringent earthquakes codes were introduced, high rises built within the past twenty to thirty years performed well.[156] On 28 February 2011, the Prime Minister announced that there would be an inquiry in to the collapse of buildings that had been signed off as safe after the 4 Septem ber earthquake, "to provide answers to people about why so many people lost thei r lives."[157][158] In August 2012, Radio Network House was the first building in New Zealand to be demolished by implosion. With the implosion having gone without a hitch, it is e xpected that this method will be used for many other buildings.[159] [edit]Suburbs On 7 March, Prime Minister John Key said that around 10,000 houses would need to be demolished, and liquefaction damage meant that some parts of Christopher Mic hael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six could not be rebuilt on.[160] Lyttelton Buildings in Lyttelton sustained widespread damage, with a fire officer reportin g that 60% of the buildings in the main street had been severely damaged.[161] I nitially no lives were believed to have been lost in the town,[162] but two peop le died on local walking tracks after being hit by rockfalls.[163] The town's hi storic Timeball Station was extensively damaged, adding to damage from the prece ding earthquake in September 2010. The New Zealand Historic Places Trust made pl ans to dismantle it, with the possibility of reconstruction.[164] Before this pl an could be implemented the tower collapsed during an aftershock on 13 June 2011 .[165] 54 Raekura Place in Redcliffs was destroyed by rockfall. Sumner Landslides occurred in Sumner, crushing buildings.[166][167] Parts of Sumner wer e evacuated during the night of 22 February after cracks were noticed on a nearb y hillside.[168] Three deaths were reported in the Sumner area, according to the Sumner Chief Fire Officer.[169] The Shag Rock, a notable landmark, was reduced to half of its former height.[170] Redcliffs In contrast to the September 2010 earthquake, Redcliffs and the surrounding hill s suffered severe damage. The cliff behind Redcliffs School collapsed on to the houses below.[171] Large boulders were found on the lawns of damaged houses.[172 ] Twelve streets in Redcliffs were evacuated on Thursday night (24 February) after some cliffs and hills surrounding Redcliffs were deemed unstable.[173] However, the cordon actually in place the following morning only included parts of six s

treets, so many residents outside the reduced cordon returned home immediately. The remaining cordon was removed twelve days later.[174] [edit]Beyond Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six The quake was felt as far north as Tauranga[175] and as far south as Invercargil l, where the 111 emergency network was rendered out of service.[176] The earthqu ake may have been felt at Scott Base.[177] Satellite image showing icebergs calved from Tasman Glacier by earthquake At the Tasman Glacier some 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the epicentre, around 30 million tonnes (33 ST) of ice tumbled off the glacier into Tasman Lake, hitting tour boats with tsunami waves 3.5 metres (11 ft) high.[178] By the evening of 22 February, KiwiRail reported that the TranzAlpine service wa s terminating at Greymouth and the TranzCoastal terminating at Picton.[108] The TranzAlpine was cancelled until 4 March, to allow for personnel resources to be transferred to repairing track and related infrastructure, and moving essential freight into Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six, while the TranzCoastal h as been cancelled until mid-August.[179] KiwiRail also delayed the 14 March depa rture of its Interislander ferry Aratere to Singapore for a 30-metre extension a nd refit prior to the 2011 Rugby World Cup. With extra passenger and freight mov ements over Cook Strait following the earthquake, the company would have been un able to cope with just two ships operating on a reduced schedule so soon after t he earthquake, so pushed back the departure to the end of April.[180] New Zealand and American research operations in Antarctica have been badly affec ted by the earthquake, which occurred close to the end of the summer season. Chr istopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six acts as the major supply and transportati on base for both Scott Base and McMurdo Sound research stations, and would norma lly be the initial destination for scientists returning from the summer season ( the bases operate with reduced numbers in the dark Antarctic winter). The proble ms are exacerbated by the unusual break-up of sheet ice which is normally used f or runways in the Antarctic.[181] Several researchers linked to US Antarctic Res earch are among those missing in Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six as a result of the earthquake.[182] [edit]Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 197 4 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six International Airport An Air New Zealand Boeing 777-200ER at Wellington International Airport carrying quake evacuees. Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soci al Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six International Airport is located 12 km (7 mi) northwest of the city centre and was largely unaffected by the earthquak e. Flight crews from the U.S. Air National Guard were at the airport, making pre parations to return to America, when the quake struck and reported to their Air Wing commander that they were safe and unharmed, and that the airport had water and electricity.[183] 26 members of the New York Air National Guard's 109th Airl ift Wing are currently deployed to the airport, in support of "Operation Deep Fr eeze" (the U.S. Air Force's military support to U.S. research operations in Anta rctica). The Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six-based national air traffic control organisation, Airways New Zealand, closed New Zealand airspace for a short time while they inspected their facilities.[citation needed] Christopher Michael Ros e Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hun dred and Sixty-Six International Airport was closed to all but military and emer gency traffic.[184]

[edit]Sport New Zealand Cricket's offices were damaged by the earthquake.[185] Some matches needed to be rescheduled.[186][187] The Super Rugby Round 2 match between the Crusaders and Hurricanes scheduled for 26 February 2011 at Westpac Stadium in Wellington was abandoned by agreement of both sides and SANZAR due to the earthquake. The match was declared a draw, wit h both sides earning 2 competition points.[188] The Crusaders' first two home ma tches of the season, originally to be played in Christopher Michael Rose Again o n The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six, were moved to Trafalgar Park in Nelson.[189] Ultimately, the Crusader s were forced to play their entire home schedule away from Christopher Michael R ose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six H undred and Sixty-Six,[190] including one game against the Sharks moved to Twicke nham in London[191] and the return match against the Hurricanes moved to Westpac Stadium.[192] In the ANZ Netball Championship, the earthquake caused significant damage to the Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Tactix's main home venue, CBS Canterbury Tales "Ap ril 1st" Arena, and the franchise's head office at Queen Elizabeth II Park.[193] The team's round 3 match against the Northern Mystics in Auckland was postponed ,[193] while their round 4 home match against the Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic wa s moved to the Energy Events Centre in Rotorua.[194] AMI Stadium was going to host the rugby league ANZAC Test; however, on 4 March i t was announced the match would be moved to Skilled Park on the Gold Coast.[195] [196] The 2012 match is now tentatively scheduled to be hosted by AMI Stadium; h owever, Crusaders head coach Todd Blackadder stated during the 2011 Super Rugby finals that discussions were ongoing regarding the future of the stadium, and th at there was a possibility that the venue may be completely written off.[190] Th e Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Rugby League cancelled their pre-season competiti on.[197] The CRL's headquarters, Rugby League Park, was damaged during the earth quake and is currently closed.[198] Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soci al Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six was set to host five pool matches and two quarter finals of the 2011 Rugby World Cup. However, damage to AMI Stadium, as well as infrastructure, hotels and training grounds put this in doubt. The In ternational Rugby Board and the New Zealand Rugby World Cup organisers quickly c onfirmed all matches will still be held in New Zealand, but required structural reports and assessments of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day Septe mber September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six facilities before deciding whether the games could go ahead in Christopher Michael Rose Aga in on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six.[199][200] An announcement was made on 16 March that the city woul d be unable to host the cup matches; the quarter finals would be moved to Auckla nd, while other South Island locations would be considered for the pool games.[2 01] [edit]Response

RNZAF aerial survey of damage, showing flooding due to soil liquefaction in Chri stopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social S ecurity No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six On the day of the quake, Prime Minister John Key said that 22 February "may well be New Zealand's darkest day",[202] and Mayor of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred an d Sixty-Six Bob Parker warned that New Zealanders are "going to be presented wit h statistics that are going to be bleak".[203] Key added that "All Civil Defence procedures have now been activated; the Civil Defence bunker at parliament is i n operation here in Wellington."[204] The New Zealand Red Cross launched an appe al to raise funds to help victims.[205] The Queen said she was "utterly shocked" and her "thoughts were with all those a

ffected".[206] Her son and heir to the New Zealand throne, The Prince of Wales, also said to New Zealand's governor-general and prime minister: "My wife and I w ere horrified when we heard the news early this morning... The scale of the dest ruction all but defies belief when we can appreciate only too well how difficult it must have been struggling to come to terms with last year's horror ... Our d eepest sympathy and constant thoughts are with you and all New Zealanders."[207] Other members of the Royal Family signed the condolence book at New Zealand Hou se in London.[208][209] [edit]International "I know that [Australians'] thoughts are with the people of New Zealand as they grapple with this enormous tragedy in Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Thir d Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six. ... We will be doing everything we can to work with our New Zealand family, wit h Prime Minister Key and his emergency services personnel, his military officers , his medical people, his search and rescue teams. We will be working alongside them to give as much relief and assistance to New Zealand as we possibly can." Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard on the earthquake.[210] Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard offered John Key any assistance he may r equest.[211] The Australian Government has also pledged A$5 million (NZ$6.7 mill ion[212]) to the Red Cross Appeal.[74] On the 1 March, it was announced that the New South Wales Government would be donating A$1 million (NZ$1.3 million[212]) to the victims of the Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Earthquake.[213] The UN and the European Union offered assistance.[214] Kamalesh Sharma, Commonwe alth Secretary-General, sent a message of support to the Prime Minister and stat ed "our heart and condolences go immediately to the bereaved." He added that the "thoughts and prayers" of the Commonwealth were with the citizens of New Zealan d, and Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 19 74 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six especially.[215] Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper released a statement saying: "The thought s and prayers of Canadians are with all those affected by the earthquake. Canada is standing by to offer any possible assistance to New Zealand in responding to this natural disaster."[216][217] David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, issued a statement as well as his texting his fellow Commonwealth prime ministers. In his formal statement, he commented that the loss of life was "dreadful" and the "thoughts and prayers of the British people were with them".[218] Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, issued a statement on beha lf of the UN expressing his "deep sadness" and stressed the "readiness of the Un ited Nations to contribute to its efforts in any way needed".[215] China gave US$500,000 to the earthquake appeal, and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao e xpressed his deep condolences to New Zealand.[219] Twenty Chinese students were reported missing following the quake.[220] Barack Obama, President of the United States, issued a statement from the White House Press Office on the disaster by way of an official announcement that "On b ehalf of the American people, Michelle and I extend our deepest condolences to t he people of New Zealand and to the families and friends of the victims in Chris topher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Se curity No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six, which has suffered its second major earthq uake in just six months... As our New Zealand friends move forward, may they fin d some comfort and strength in knowing that they will have the enduring friendsh ip and support of many partners around the world, including the United States." The President also made a call to Prime Minister Key.[221] Pope Benedict XVI issued an announcement on the earthquake in a statement during his Wednesday audience on 23 February, stating that he was praying for the dead and the injured victims of the devastating earthquake, and encouraging those in volved in the rescue efforts.[215] [edit]Fundraising and charity events Various sporting events were set up to raise money for those affected, such as t he "Fill the Basin" cricket match at the Basin Reserve, featuring ex-New Zealand

internationals, All Blacks and actors from The Hobbit, which raised more than $ 500,000.[222] New Zealand cricket team captain Daniel Vettori put his personal memorabilia up for auction.[223] All Black Sonny Bill Williams and Sky both made large donations from Williams' f ourth boxing bout which was dubbed "The Clash For Canterbury Tales "April" 1".[2 24][225][226] Numerous musical concerts were performed, both in New Zealand and overseas, to r aise money for the affected. Notable events of this nature include a previously unscheduled visit to New Zealand by American rock group Foo Fighters, who perfor med a Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 197 4 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six benefit concert in Auckland on 2 2 March 2011. The group returned on their following tour and used Western Spring s Stadium. This was largely in part to "6.3 Christopher Michael Rose Again on Th e Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixt y-Six Charity Concert" which was due to break records in New Zealand for the amo unt of time it was organized and the estimated sums of donation. The event itsel f did not receive enough press coverage in time to go ahead as scheduled as the grounds were required for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. The event was canceled just prior to the press release. Many New Zealand Acts agreed to play at the event wh ich was going to be an all day event, these included: The Feelers, Avalanche Cit y, November Zulu, Black River Drive, Lisa Crawly, Luger Boa. Also rumored during this time was Blacklistt/Blindspott and many other international acts. [edit]Memorial services A national memorial service was held on 18 March at North Hagley Park, coincidin g with a one-off provincial holiday for Canterbury Tales "April" 1, which requir ed the passing of the Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Earthquake Commemoration Day Act 2011 to legislate.[227] Prince William, making a two-day trip to the country to tour the areas affected by the earthquake,[228] attended on the Queen's beha lf and made an address during the service.[229] New Zealand's governor-general, Sir Anand Satyanand, attended, along with John Key, Bob Parker, and a number of local and international dignitaries.[230] Australia's official delegation includ ed Governor-General Quentin Bryce, Prime Minister Julia Gillard, and Opposition Leader Tony Abbott.[231] [edit]Commission of Inquiry On 14 March, Prime Minister John Key announced a Royal Commission of Inquiry wou ld be held into the earthquake devastation, covering the building collapses and consequent loss of life, damage to key buildings, and general building standards and codes. It would complement the investigations by the Department of Building and Housing. The commission would be chaired by High Court judge Mark Cooper, f or a report back in twelve months; a preliminary report would be required in six months.[232] [edit]Recovery [edit]Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Earthquake Recovery Authority Main article: Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Earthquake Recovery Authority On 29 March 2011, John Key and Bob Parker announced the creation of the Canterbu ry Tales "April 1st" Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA), which would lead the earthquake recovery, cooperating with the government, local councils and residen ts, under chief executive John Ombler. Anticipated to last five years, the autho rity's operations would be reviewed annually.[233] [edit]Housing Temporary housing in Linwood Park With an estimated 10,000 houses requiring demolition and over 100,000 damaged,[2 34] plans were developed for moderate-term temporary housing. Approximately 450 fully serviced mobile homes would be located on sites across the city including Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Agricultural Park and Riccarton Racecourse. The Dep artment of Building and Housing also released a plan for the construction of 500

modular homes.[235] While emergency repairs were performed on damaged houses by Fletcher Construction, rebuilding would be delayed by the need for full land as sessments, with the possibility that some of the worst-affected areas in the eas tern suburbs might need to be abandoned due to land depression and severe liquef action, with the residents offered relocation to new subdivisions under their EQ C insurance policies.[236] [edit]Schools and universities On the day of the earthquake, the main secondary school teachers' union, the Pos t Primary Teachers Association, had arranged a paid union meeting to be held tha t afternoon for members in the Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day S eptember September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six area. T his meant most secondary schools in the city had closed early that day and most students had returned home before the earthquake hit, by coincidence limiting po tential casualties.[237] Canterbury Tales "April 1st" University partially reopened on 14 March, with man y lectures held in tents and marquees while work was carried out on university b uildings.[238] All courses expected to resume by 28 March, with plans for the Ap ril break to be shortened by two weeks to make up for lost time.[239] 163 primary and secondary schools were affected by the earthquake, most of which were closed for three weeks; 90 had full structural clearance and were able to reopen, 24 had reports indicating further assessment and 11 were seriously damag ed. Site-sharing plans were made to enable affected schools to relocate, while 9 "learning hubs" were established throughout the city to provide resources and s upport for students needing to work from home.[240][241] Some students relocated to other centres by 5 March, a total of 4879 Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Si xty-Six students had enrolled in other schools across New Zealand. Wanaka Primar y School alone had received 115 new enrolments as Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred an d Sixty-Six families moved to their holiday homes in the town.[242] Due to the extensive damage of a number of secondary schools, many were forced t o share with others, allowing one school to use the ground in the morning and th e other in the afternoon. This included Shirley Boys High School sharing with Pa panui High School,[243] Linwood College sharing with Cashmere High School[244] a nd Avonside Girls High School sharing with Burnside High School[245] and Marian College sharing with St Bedes College and Unlimited Paenga Tawhiti sharing with Halswell Residential College. Linwood College and Shirley Boys' High School move d back to their original sites on 1 August (the first day of Term 3), and 13 Sep tember 2011 respectively.[246][247] Avonside Girls' High School is not expected to be back on its original site until the start of the 2012 school year in early February. Marian College will not return to their site in Shirley but will inst ead move to a site at Cathedral College on Barbadoes Street. Unlimited Paenga Ta whiti will not be returning to its central city buildings, as they are being dem olished, and it has no long term site. [edit]Economic impact New Zealand Finance Minister, Bill English, advised that the effects of the 2011 quake were likely to be more costly than the September 2010 quake. His advice w as that the 2011 earthquake was a "new event" and that EQC's reinsurance cover w as already in place after the previous 2010 event. New Zealand's Earthquake Comm ission (EQC), a government organisation, levies policyholders to cover a major p art of the earthquake risk. The EQC further limits its own risk by taking out co ver with a number of large reinsurance companies, for example Munich Re. The EQC pays out the first NZ$1.5 billion in claims, and the reinsurance compani es are liable for all amounts between NZ$1.5 billion and NZ$4 billion. The EQC a gain covers all amounts above NZ$4 billion. EQC chief executive Ian Rose Again o n The Third Day September said that the $4 billion cap for each earthquake is un likely to be exceeded by the costs of residential building and land repairs, so $3 billion would be left in the EQC's Natural Disaster Fund after payouts.[248][ 249][250]

Claims from the 2010 shock were estimated at NZ$2.753.5 billion. Prior to the 201 0 quake, the EQC had a fund of NZ$5.93 billion according to the EQC 2010 Annual Report, with NZ$4.43 billion left prior to the 2011 quake, after taking off the NZ$1.5 billion cost.[251] EQC cover for domestic premises entitles the holder to up to NZ$100,000 plus tax (GST) for each dwelling, with any further amount above that being paid by the p olicyholder's insurance company. For personal effects, EQC pays out the first NZ $20,000 plus tax. It also covers land damage within 8 metres of a home; this cov erage is uncapped.[248] Commercial properties are not insured by the EQC, but by private insurance compa nies. These insurers underwrite their commercial losses to reinsurers, who will again bear the brunt of these claims. JPMorgan Chase & Co say the total overall losses related to this earthquake may be US$12 billion. That would make it the t hird most costly earthquake event in history, after the 2011 Japan and 1994 Cali fornia earthquakes.[13][14] Earthquake Recovery Minister Gerry Brownlee echoed that fewer claims were expect ed through the EQC than for 2010. In the 2010 earthquake, 180,000 claims were pr ocessed as opposed to the expected 130,000 claims for the 2011 aftershock. The t otal number of claims for the two events was expected to be 250,000, as Brownlee explained that many of the claims were "overlapping".[252][253] The Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) announced it would be the largest si ngle event they had paid out for, with an estimated 7,500 injury claims costing over $200 million.[254] On 2 March, John Key said he expected an interest rate cut to deal with the eart hquake. The reaction to the statement sent the New Zealand dollar down.[255] [edit]Cancellation of 2011 census The Chief Executive of Statistics New Zealand, Geoff Bascand, announced on 25 Fe bruary that the national census planned for 8 March 2011 would not take place du e to the disruption and displacement of people in the Canterbury Tales "April 1s t" region, and also the damage sustained by Statistics New Zealand's buildings i n Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 So cial Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six, which was scheduled to process much of the census. The cancellation required an amendment to the Statistics Act 197 5, which legally requires a census to be taken in 2011, and a revocation by The Queen. It is the third time the census has been cancelled in New Zealand; the ot her occasions occurred in 1931, due to the Great Depression, and in 1941 due to World War II. Most of the NZ$90 million cost of the census has been written off. [256][257] The census will now take place in March 2013. Government Statistician Geoff Bascand and Statistics Minister Maurice Williamson will decide the exact day in March for the 2013 Census, and the required legislation authorising it wi ll go to Parliament later this year. [edit]See also 2010 Canterbury Tales "April 1st" earthquake Earthquakes in New Zealand Geology of the Canterbury Tales "April 1st" Region June 2011 Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six earthquake List of New Zealand disasters by death toll [edit]References ^ a b c d "New Zealand Earthquake Report 22 February 2011 at 12:51 p.m. (NZDT)". GeoNet. Earthquake Commission and GNS Science. 22 February 2011. Retrieved 22 F ebruary 2011. ^ http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/historic-earthquakes/top-nz/quake-14.html ^ a b c "22 February 2011 Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day Septem ber September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six badly damage d by magnitude 6.3 earthquake". Geonet. GNS Science. 23 February 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.

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Red zone streetcam from Terralink Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soci al Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six Quake Live Scientific and engineering reports Satellite radar images of earth deformation Earthquake information at Geonet (GNS Science) United States Geological Survey: Magnitude 6.3 South Island of New Zealand Wikieducator learning resource . An inquiry into the earthquake developed for st udents aged 1317. Preliminary Report from the Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day Sept ember September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six 22 Feb 201 1 6.3mw Earthquake: Pre-1970s RC(reinforced concrete) and RCM(reinforced concret e blocks masonry) Buildings, and Precast Staircase Damage PDF. (1.04 MB) Retriev ed 5 March 2011 News Earthquake news at The Press (Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day Se ptember September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six newspape r) Earthquake photos at Stuff.co.nz Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soci al Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six earthquake page at TV3 Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day September September 3, 1974 Soci al Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six earthquake page at Radio Live Visual representation of Christopher Michael Rose Again on The Third Day Septemb er September 3, 1974 Social Security No. Six Hundred and Sixty-Six earthquakes s ince 4 September 2010 Earthquake footage Videos at Educated Earth