Carbon Blacks for Rubber Carbon Blacks for Rubber Carbon Blacks for Rubber Carbon Blacks for

Rubber Carbon Blacks for Rubber Carbon Blacks for Rubber Carbon Blacks for Rubber Carbon Blacks for Rubber

Dimensional Classification of Carbon Blacks for the Rubber Industry

08/09

BLACK R UBBER C ARBON B LACK C HARACTERISTICS

Carbon black is the predominant reinforcing filler used in rubber compounds, and the improvement in rubber properties is a function of the fundamental physical and chemical characteristics of carbon black. The most important fundamental physical and chemical properties are aggregate size and shape (structure), particle size, surface activity, and porosity. These properties are distributional in nature and this distribution in properties has an impact on in rubber performance. Other non-fundamental properties include the physical form and residue. The physical form of carbon black (beads or powder) can affect the handling and mixing characteristics of carbon black and, hence, rubber properties. The ultimate degree of dispersion is also a function of the mixing procedures and equipment used.
STRUCTURE / AGGREGATE SIZE: Carbon blacks do SIZE not exist as primary particles. Primary particles fuse to form aggregates, which may contain a large number of particles. The shape and degree of branching of the aggregates is referred to as structure. The structure level of a carbon ultimately determines its effects on several important in-rubber properties. Increasing carbon black structure increases modulus, hardness, electrical conductivity, and improves dispersibility of carbon black, but increases compound viscosity. PARTICLE SIZE is the fundamental property that has a significant effect on rubber properties. Finer particles lead to increased reinforcement, increased abrasion resistance, and improved tensile strength. However, to disperse finer particle size requires increased mixing time and energy. Particle size distribution can only be accurately measured using a transmission electron microscope. Typical particle sizes range from around 8 nanometers to 100 nanometers for furnace blacks. Surface area is utilized in the industry as an indicator of the fineness level of the carbon black and, therefore, of the particle size. SURFACE ACTIVITY, or surface chemistry, is a funcACTIVITY tion of the manufacturing process and the heat history of a carbon black. While difficult to measure directly, surface chemistry manifests itself through its effects on such in-rubber properties as abrasion resistance, tensile strength, hysteresis, and modulus. The effect of surface activity on cure characteristics will depend strongly on the cure system in use. POROSITY is a fundamental property of carbon black that can be controlled during the production process. It can affect the measurement of surface area providing a total surface area (NSA) larger than the external value (STSA). Increasing the porosity reduces the density of the aggregates. This allows a rubber compounder to increase carbon black loading while maintaining compound specific gravity. This leads to an increase in compound modulus and electrical conductivity for a fixed loading. PHYSICAL FORM of carbon black has an impact on the handling and mixing characteristics of carbon black. The most common physical form of rubber carbon black is beads (pellets). In addition, Columbian also produces powdered carbon blacks.

SPECIALITY PRODUCTS
ULTRA RUBBER CARBON BLACKS Standard quality carbon blacks have very low levels of ash and residue as impurities - typically below 0.3% and 0.004%, respectively. Columbian has pioneered the production of Ultra high quality carbon blacks, which significantly reduce ash to levels around 0.05% and residue to levels much less than 0.002%. The benefits of Ultra carbon blacks include superior surface appearance and improved flex fatigue life due to enhanced dispersion and the reduction of ash and residue impurities. Ultra carbon blacks are best suited for high quality extruded profiles and for applications where life-extension of the rubber article is critical. CD2115 CD2115s unique combination of particle size, structure, and surface chemistry makes it the preferred carbon black for racing and an ideal carbon black for high-performance tire applications. CD2115 provides excellent processability, plus high dynamic modulus and tan delta across a broad range of temperatures and operating conditions, thereby leading to the production of tires with superior durability, handling, and traction characteristics. EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGY CARBON BLACKS In order to meet the industry need for improved appearance and performance of rubber profile extrusions without a cost penalty, Columbian has developed a range of carbon blacks specifically for this market. Utilising tailored morphology and aspects of the Ultra process, these products provide a better balance between cost and performance compared to conventional ASTM series carbon blacks. NEW RUBBER CARBON BLACKS Columbian is constantly looking at ways to improve carbon black performance in rubber applications. Contact your sales representative for the latest information on new rubber grades developed by Columbian.

RECOMMENDED RUBBER GRADE

CD2115 Raven P XT1029 N-115 N-121 N-134 N-220 N-234 N-299 N-326 N-330 N-339 N-343 N-347 N-351 N-375 N-539 N-550 N-650 N-660 N-683 N-762 N-772 N-774

APPLICATIONS IN RUBBER

High Performance/ Racing Tread

Passenger Car Tread

Truck Tread

TIRE

Inner Liner

Carcass

Wirecoat

Automotive Belts

Hose/ Hose Covers

Seals

Weatherstrip

O-Rings and Gaskets

Wiper

Blades*

Engine Mounts

Anti-Vibration Dampers

Solid Tires

Shoe Soles

Fuel Hoses

MECHANICAL RUBBER GOODS

*

Roofing

Conveyor Belts

North America

Europe

For this application we recommend Ultra quality Ultra

South America

PRODUCING REGION

Asia

Also produced as Ultra quality in this region Ultra

DIMENSIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF RUBBER GRADE CARBONS

170

160

150

140 N-683 N343 N-650 N-550 N351 N-375 N-539 N-330 N-220 N-115 N-347 N-339 N-299 N-234 N-121 N134

130

120

110

100

90 N-660

80 N-774 N-326 N-772

Oil Absorptio n N um be r (m l/1 0 0g) Oil Absorptio n N um be r (m l/1 0 0g) Oil Absorptio n N um be r (m l/1 0 0g) Oil Absorptio n N um be r (m l/1 0 0g)

70

N762

60

50

40

30 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

10

20

N itro ge n Surface Area (m /g)

Furnex N762

Statex N343

Statex N351

Furnex N-772

Furnex N-774

Neotex N-326

Statex N-115

Statex N-121

Statex N-134

Statex N-220

Statex N-234

Statex N-299

Statex N-330

Statex N-339

Statex N-347

Statex N-375

Statex N-539

Statex N-550

Statex N-650

Statex N-660

Statex N-683

Trade Name

ASTM Designation

N-115 N-121 N-134 N-220 N-234 N-299 N-326 N-330 N-339 N343 N-347 N351 N-375 N-539 N-550 N-650 N-660 N-683 N762 N-772 N-774

T Y PI C AL CO LLO ID A L P R OP ER T I ES ( A ST M D1 7 6 5 )
146 137 131 142 127 103 320 355 320 335 455 380 345 320 335 98 102 104 68 88 99 104 99 95 345 114 125 124 72 102 120 130 124 120 121 120 108 82 82 90 92 90 68 90 114 96 345 116 123 113 111 104 111 112 105 100 114 43 111 81 385 106 112 97 76 75 88 92 83 70 91 38 39 43 121 85 360 114 119 104 78 78 91 96 85 71 93 39 40 36 35 36 122 84 370 35 34 36 90 74 440 36 34 35 133 85 355 29 28 27 65 59 515 32 30 30 65 59 520 30 29 29 72 63 490

NSA (m/g)

137

122

STSA (m/g)

124

114

Tint (%)

123

119

Iodine (mg/g)

160

121

OAN (DBPA) ( ml/100g)

113

132

COAN (24M4) (ml/100g)

97

111

Pour Density (kg/m)

345

320

T E ST PR O C ED UR E S Tinting Strength: ASTM D3265 Iodine Number: ASTM D1510 STSA: NSA: ASTM D6556 ASTM D6556 OAN: COAN;

ASTM D2414 ASTM D3493

Pour Density:

ASTM D1513

Carbon black has the CAS number 1333-86-4

Statex Furnex Neotex and Ultra are registered trademarks of Columbian Chemicals Company. Statex, Furnex, Neotex Ultra

COLUMBIAN with corporate headquarters located in Atlanta Georgia (USA) is a worldwide producer of carbon blacks for the rubber industry.

SOME COMPANIES WANT TO BE YOUR SUPPLIER. OUR GOAL IS TO BE YOUR BUSINESS PARTNER.
We believe that customers are unique each with a different set of needs based on their own particular markets, strategies and competitive dynamics. At Columbian Chemicals, we are committed to understanding your needs so that we can better help you succeed. To do so, we want to be more than your preferred supplier. Our goal is to be your business partner and to provide you with unsurpassed customer service superior technical assistance stringent quality assurance exacting product characteristics new and differentiated products and the speed and innovation that you need to win. As business partners, we understand that when you succeed, we succeed and that the quickest path to success involves working together. We would like an opportunity to show you that all carbon black producers are not the same. Columbian is in this business for the long term, and we are dedicated to providing you with the products and services that will get you the results you want and need.

SALES OFFICES
Asia: 11th FL., Oriental Chemical Building, Sogong-Dong, Jung-Gu, Seoul Korea 100-718 82-2-775-1674 Europe: Columbian Chemicals Europa GmbH Podbielskistrae 160 D-30177 Hannover Germany +49 511 630 89-0 eusales@columbianchemicals.com North America: 1800 West Oak Commons Court Marietta, Georgia 30062 USA 1-800-438-6968

South America: Rua Dr. Cndido Espinheira, n 560, 7 andar So Paulo SP - 05004-000 - Brasil +55.11.3598-3800 vendas@columbianchemicals.com

TECHNICAL SERVICE
Asia: #1-3, Wolha-Dong, Yeosu-City, Jeonnam, Korea 555-290 82-61-688-3395 spark@columbianchemicals.com Europe: Columbian Chemicals Europa GmbH Podbielskistrae 160 D-30177 Hannover Germany +49 511 630 89-0 technicalservice@columbianchemicals.com North America: 1800 West Oak Commons Court Marietta, Georgia 30062 USA 770-792-9335 iteam@columbianchemicals.com South America: Cubato So Paulo 11573-904 Brasil +55-13-3362-7120 assistenciatecnica@columbianchemicals.com

www.columbianchemicals.com
The facts and recommendations made in this publication are based on our own research or others, and are believed to be accurate. However, no guarantee of accuracy is made, the products discussed being sold without warranty, expressed or implied, including but not limited to any WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND / OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. Statements concerning the possible use of our products are not intended as recommendations to use our products in the infringement of any patent.

Columbian Chemicals Company 2009