1 8 Broadband

BROADBAND
BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Broadband Policy-2004
Broadband connectivity as defined in Broadband policy 2004 is An always on data connection that is able to support interactive services including Internet access and has the capability of minimum download speed of 256 Kbps to an individual subscriber from the Point of Presence (POP) of the service provider
Components of Broadband Network

Core Network (Viz. MPLS backbone Core & Edge routers) Broadband Remote Access Server (BBRAS) Gigabit & Fast Ethernet Aggregation Switches (LAN Switches) Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs)
Components of Broadband Network

SSSS (Subscriber Service Selection System) Servers for AAA (SSSC), LDAP at NOC Provisioning and configuration management at NOC Customer Premises Equipments (DSL CPEs) i.e. Splitter, DSL Modem, PC and Phone
Pre-requisite for ADSL Connectivity

1) A PC with following configurations:
128 MB RAM A minimum 500MB Memory. A NIC(Ethernet Card) or a USB interface duly installed and should be in working condition. TCP/IP protocol should be installed by subscriber Operating System:Win 98 Sec.Edition or above, Linux, Mac OS 9 & above.
Pre-requisite for ADSL Connectivity

2) 3) A telephone line in good working condition. An ADSL MODEM with its accessories.(Provided by BSNL for rent or outright purchase or can be purchased from outside). 4) PPPOE(Point to Point Protocol Over Ethernet) software.
Customer Premises Equipment
Splitter Connectivity
Connectivity Diagram
CPE Installation
IP Address is allocated to PC By BRAS
Bridge Mode
CPE
DSLAM
T2 Switch T1 Switch PPPoE Session
BRAS
IP Address is allocated to CPE By BRAS

CPE
DSLAM
Router Mode
NAT
IP Address is allocated to PC By CPE
T2 Switch T1 Switch PPPoE Session
BRAS
NIB-II Broadband DSL Deployment

Core Network interfaces
SSSS at RPOP
SSSC LDAP
Core router
NMS PMS MAIL
FE
FE Broadband RAS
GigE

BB
GigE
Content Server
FE
ADM
ADM
FE
ADM
SDH RING
ADM
Tier2 LAN Switch
Gig E & FE From MDF FE
Tier1 Layer2 GigE Aggregation Switch
B1 city FE
ADM
FE
B2 city
FE 240 Port DSLAM
FE
Max 10/20 KM Dark fiber 480 Port DSLAM
GE
120 Port DSLAM
48 Port DSLAM
ADSL terminals ADSL terminals
ADSL
60 Port DSLAM
24 Port DSLAM
ADSL terminals Splitter
ADSL terminals
Multiplay Broadband Network
Multiplay Broadband Network
NOC, DRNOC, RPOP
Video Traffic Voice Traffic Data Traffic
Internet Services
MPLS CORE
L3PE
4.
1.
CPE configured to sent Data / Voice / Video 2. Traffic as specific ATM PVCs
BNG Removes the QinQ and Customer VLAN tags, maps the traffic to corresponding context and forwards the traffic to L3PE with upstream VLAN Tag RPR / OCLAN Switch forwards the traffic based on QinQ VLAN with proper QoS Mapping
RPR T2
INET VLAN
BNG
BNG
CUST VLAN QinQ VLAN
3. DSLAM adds Corresponding User VLAN tag and QinQ VLAN tag to the Data Traffic
RPR T1 RPR T2
CUST VLAN QinQ VLAN
TV PC
DSLAM
STB CPE Phone
CUST VLAN
QinQ VLAN
3 PVCs for 3 Services
RPR T2
RPR T2
Layer-3 VPN Services

MPLS CORE
L3PE
4.
1.
CPE configured to sent Data / Voice / Video 2. Traffic as specific ATM PVCs
BNG Removes the QinQ and Customer VLAN tags, maps the traffic to corresponding context and forwards the traffic to L3PE with upstream VLAN Tag RPR / OCLAN Switch forwards the traffic based on QinQ VLAN with proper QoS Mapping
RPR T2
L3VPN VLAN
BNG
BNG
CUST VLAN QinQ VLAN
3. DSLAM adds Corresponding User VLAN tag and QinQ VLAN tag to the Data Traffic
RPR T1 RPR T2
CUST VLAN QinQ VLAN
TV PC
DSLAM
STB CPE Phone
CUST VLAN
QinQ VLAN
RPR T2
RPR T2
Video Services
MPLS CORE
L3PE
5.
Video Traffic forwarded to Content Server by L3PE through MPLS Core 4. BNG Removes the Multicast BNG VLAN tag, maps the traffic to corresponding context and forwards to L3PE with proper RPR T1 upstream VLAN Tag RPR / OCLAN Switch forwards the traffic in Multicast VLAN with proper QoS Mapping
VIDEO VLAN
BNG
1.
CPE configured to sent Data / Voice / Video Traffic as specific ATM 2. PVCs
TV PC
MCAST VLAN
3. DSLAM adds Corresponding Multicast VLAN to the Video Traffic
RPR T2
DSLAM
MCAST VLAN
STB CPE Phone
RPR T2
MCAST VLAN
RPR T2
RPR T2
IP Telephony Services
Media Gateway
5.
Voice Traffic forwarded to Media Gateway by L3PE through MPLS Core
MPLS CORE
L3PE
VOICE VLAN
4. 1. CPE configured to sent Data / Voice / Video Traffic as specific ATM 2. PVCs
TV PC
BNG Removes the VOIP VLAN tag, maps the traffic to BNG corresponding context and forwards to L3PE with proper RPR T1 upstream VLAN Tag RPR / OCLAN Switch forwards the traffic in VOIP VLAN with proper QoS Mapping
BNG
VOIP VLAN
3. DSLAM adds Corresponding VOIP VLAN to the Voice Traffic
RPR T2
VOIP VLAN
DSLAM
STB CPE Phone
RPR T2
VOIP VLAN
RPR T2
RPR T2
Data / Voice / Video Services

Media Gateway
MPLS CORE
L3PE
INET VLAN VIDEO VLAN VOICE VLAN
BNG
BNG
RPR T1
CUST QinQ VLAN VLAN MCAST VLAN VOIP VLAN
TV PC
CUST QinQ VLAN VLAN MCAST VLAN VOIP VLAN
RPR T2
RPR T2 DSLAM
STB CPE Phone
CUST QinQ VLAN VLAN MCAST VLAN VOIP VLAN RPR T2
RPR T2
Broadband Services
DATA BASED

High Speed Internet access Killer App. VPNs Multicasting
VIDEO BASED

IP TV BROADCAST VIDEO ON DEMAND- (Most Expensive to provide) Bandwidth on demand (User based / Service based) Multicasting Video Conferencing
VOICE BASED
VOIP
WIRELINE BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES
Broadband Wireline Technologies

DSL-Digital Subscriber line
Technology for high bandwidth to home and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines
Achievable data rate depends on the distance and cable impairments
xDSL Family Tree

xDSL
Symmetric DSL
Provide identical data rates upstream & downstream Provide relatively lower rates upstream but higher rates downstream
Asymmetric DSL
Four main variations of xDSL exist:

ADSL-Asymmetrical Digital Subs Line HDSL-High bit/data rate Digital Subs Line SDSL-- Symmetric Digital Subs Line VDSL-Very-high-data-rate Digital Subs Line
DSL Technology
DSL may offer more than 100 times the network performance of a traditional analog modem
Precise speed of a connection depends upon the type of DSL employed
DSL uses the same telephone line as traditional modem
Provides simultaneous access to Web & Telephone removing the need for a second telephone line.
DSL Technology

DSL remains always-on all the time Customer no longer need to physically dial up to the ISP to log in to the internet
On power failure, telephone line is still available like a standard telephone line.
DSL can also be implemented with PPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) that does not support always-on. This is required when authentication is necessary. PPPoE can be configured in PC or it can be configured in ADSL modem itself.
VDSL

Very-high Data-rate DSL Also known as BDSL Originally named VADSL (A Asymmetric) but was later extended to support both symmetric & asymmetric
Requires one phone line Supports voice & data Works between 0.3-1.37 kms depending on speed
VDSL
Upstream data rate of 1.6-2.3 mbps Downstream data rate of 13-52 mbps Data Rate - Wire Size Distance
Downstream 12.96 Mbps 25.82 Mbps 51.84 Mbps
Upstream 1.6-2.3 mbps 1.6-2.3 mbps 1.6-2.3 mbps
Distance 4500 Feet 3000 Feet 1000 Feet 1.37 Kms 0.91 Kms 0.30 Kms
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line G.DMT / G.992.1 standard Used for applications which require greater download bandwidth but require relatively little in opposite direction like Web browsing; File downloads etc.
ADSL
An ADSL circuit connects an ADSL modem on each end of a twisted pair telephone line creating three information channels
A high speed downstream channel A medium speed duplex channel for both upstream & downstream applications
A basic telephone service channel

ADSL
The basic telephone service channel is split off from the digital modem by splitter at client site
Allows simultaneous access of the line by the telephone and the computer
In case of power/ADSL failure, data transmission is lost but basic telephone service will be operational
ADSL
Provides

16-640 kbps upstream 1.5-9 mbps downstream
Can work up to a distance of 3.7 to 5.5 kms.
ADSL
Data Rate - Wire Size Distance

Data Rate 1.5-2.0 Mbps 1.5-2.0 Mbps 6.1 Mbps 6.1 Mbps Wire Size 0.5 mm 0.4 mm 0.5 mm 0.4 mm Distance 18000 Feet 15000 Feet 12000 Feet 9000 Feet 5.5 Kms 4.6 Kms 3.7 Kms 2.7 Kms
ADSL 2

Second generation of ADSL G.DMT.bis or G.992.3 standard Offers a greater data rates of 15 Mb/s downstream and upto 1.5 Mb/s upstream with a range of 6.4 Kms
Supports seamless adaptation of data rate in real time to meet the changing line conditions
Data rates can be increased by bonding multiple phone lines ( 2 or more copper pairs) together.
ADSL 2contd.
Has two power management modes ( L2 mode for power saving at ATU-C by rapidly entering and exiting low power mode based on internet traffic over the connection)and L3 mode for overall power saving at both ATU-C and ATU-R by entering into sleep mode) that help reduce power consumption
Fast start up i.e.Reduced initialization time from 10 secs to 3 secs.
Data rates can be increased by bonding multiple phone lines ( 2 or more copper pairs) together.
ADSL 2 +

Second generation of ADSL G.992.5 standard Doubles the max. frequency used for downstream data transmission from 1.1 Mhz to 2.2 Mhz.
Offers a greater data rates of 25 Mb/s downstream and upto 1.5 Mb/s upstream. Can work upto 6.3 Kms with reduced data rates
ADSL 2 +
Has all the other benefits of ADSL 2 like improved power management , seamless adaptation of data rate in real time to meet the changing line conditions, bonding of copper pairs for higher data rates etc.
ADSL 2/2+
ADSL 2/2+ are further improvement over ADSL and provide greater download speed and better range.
Due to better modulation efficiency, more download speed is possible.
ADSL 2/2+ can re-synchronize on line at different speed without interrupting the communication if SNR changes due to external interference. This is not possible with ADSL.
ADSL 2/2+ (contd..)
When no communication is taking place ADSL2/2+ can go in sleep/power saving mode and come back to live mode automatically when data transmission starts.
ADSL
Family Description Upstream Rate
640 KBps
Down stream Rate

8 MBps
Max. range
5.5 Km June 1999
ADSL
G,992.1 / G.DMT
ADSL Lite ADSL2
G.992.2 / G.Lite G.992.3 / G.dmt.bis
384 KBps 1-1.5 MBps
2 MBps 12-16 MBps
6Km 5.7 Km July 2002
ADSL2 Lite ADSL2 +
G.992.4 / G.lite.bis G.992.5 / ADSL 2 plus 1 MBps 26 MBps 5.7 Km May 2003 7Km
ADSL2 RE
G.992.3 Reach Extended 1MBps
12 MBps
ADSL APPLICATIONS

Internet access ( SOHO) LAN Access ( Telecommuting) Distance Learning Tele-medicine Broadcast TV Home shopping Interactive Games Movies
DMT Modulation
Bandwidth from 0 to 1.1 Mhz is divided into 256 sub carriers with each occupying 4 Khz. Lower 1 to 6 sub- carriers are reserved to pass the 4khz analog voice.
There are 32 upstream channels and 218 downstream channels.
Frequency Spectrum of ADSL
The ADSL transmit signal consist of a large number (up to 256) of sub-carrier located at spacing of 4.3125 Khz.
The channel 0 is for POTS , Channel 1-5 are not used to avoid interference between voice and data.
POTS Channel - Separated by a POTS splitter Upstream/Downstream channels separated by either FDM using LPF/HPF or a combination of FDM and echo cancellation. Echo cancellation improves the BW throughput in the downstream direction
ADSL DMT Modulation

256 frequency bands of sub-carriers of 4 KHz bandwidth and spacing of 4.3 KHz. Each sub carrier can support maximum 15 bits/Hz. Depending on signal to noise Ratio for that sub carrier a decision is taken How many bits that particular sub carrier can Support. Each carrier can carry 0-15 bits/sec/Hz Carriers 1-6 for voice and guardband
Voice No of Bits Upstream Downstream
16 37
64 255
15
38
25
138 139
1104 276 kHz Downstream Pilot Tone
69 kHz Frequency (KHz) Upstream Pilot Tone
ADSL2+ DMT Modulation
ADSL2+ Doubles the bandwidth used to Carry data
Voice No of Bits
Upstream
Downstream
ADSL2+ 6 37 38 255 512
15
ADSL/ADSL2
0 4
0.14MHz Frequency
1.1MHz
2.2MHz
ADSL DMT Modulation

dB Voice Upstream Downstream
15 No of Bits
Signal to noise ratio

Downstream
4 25
138 139
1104
Frequency (KHz)

Cable Modem Allows high speed access to the Internet via a cable television network
Uses cable modem technology through the use of Set-Top-Box at the customer premises
Broadband through Cable Modem

Customer Premises
Cable Modem Cable Splitter Downstream Optical/Electrical Converter Hub Upstream Combiner
Cable Company Fiber Node
Cable Company Distribution Hub

TV Video Network
TV Router Shared Coax Cable System Cable Company Fiber Node
Computer
Computer
Cable Modem Termination System
Customer Premises
ISP POP
Customer Premises

Optical Fibre Technologies
Optical fibre with its unmatched capacity to carry enormous amount of information over unlimited distances can be deployed for broadband access in :

PON (Passive Optical Network) FTTH (Fibre-To-The-Home) FTTC (Fibre-To-The-Curb) HFC (Hybrid Fibre Co-axial)
Metro Ethernet Solutions

CPE CPE 10/100 10/100 10/100 GbE Mapped to RPR GbE 802.1q VLAN tag OC48 Mapped to RPR OC48 RPR Ring (EoRPR) OC48 GbE OC48 CPE Aggregation POP 10 GbE OC192 OC48 RPR Ring (EoRPR) OC48 OC48 GbE 10/100 802.1q VLAN tag GbE CPE GbE GbE Aggregation POP OC192
802.1q VLAN tag OC48 Aggregation POP OC192 Aggregation POP with Internet POP
Internet
Central Office
10 GbE OC192 GATEWAY ROUTER
10/100
GbE 802.1q VLAN tag
10/100 CPE
OC48 OC48 OC48
802.1q VLAN tag

PLC-Power Line Communication

Also referred as BPL (Broadband over Power Lines) Can provide broadband Internet access through ordinary power lines
Most extensive networks in the world, surpassing the phone network as well as the cable network in size and coverage
Suffers from technological challenges due to interference with noise, radio and television etc.
PLC Bands
Low frequencies

Below 400 kHz (US) Below 125 kHz (Europe) Transmission rate about 1 to 10 kbps
High frequencies

2 to 30 MHZ (HF) Transmission rate about 1 to 40 Mbps
PLC Application
Access Low band Telemetry (AMR) Security Remote control Home Networking Control & automation Security
High band
Telephony Internet
Telephone distribution Internet distribution PC connectivity Media streaming
PLC
The Distribution System
Getting beyond the transformer
Insert Power Line Carrier at middle voltage
Backhaul to NAP (fiber, DSL, wireless, satellite)
Any Questions ?

1 8 Broadband

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1 8 Broadband

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BROADBAND

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Components of Broadband Network

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Components of Broadband Network

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Pre-requisite for ADSL Connectivity

Pre-requisite for ADSL Connectivity

Customer Premises Equipment

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

T2 Switch T1 Switch PPPoE Session

IP Address is allocated to CPE By BRAS

T2 Switch T1 Switch PPPoE Session

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

NIB-II Broadband DSL Deployment

NMS PMS MAIL

Tier2 LAN Switch

Gig E & FE From MDF FE

Tier1 Layer2 GigE Aggregation Switch

FE 240 Port DSLAM

Max 10/20 KM Dark fiber 480 Port DSLAM

120 Port DSLAM

ADSL terminals ADSL terminals

ADSL terminals Splitter

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Multiplay Broadband Network

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Multiplay Broadband Network

NOC, DRNOC, RPOP

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Video Traffic Voice Traffic Data Traffic

STB CPE Phone

3 PVCs for 3 Services

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Video Traffic Voice Traffic Data Traffic

Layer-3 VPN Services

STB CPE Phone

3 PVCs for 3 Services

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Video Traffic Voice Traffic Data Traffic

3. DSLAM adds Corresponding Multicast VLAN to the Video Traffic

STB CPE Phone

3 PVCs for 3 Services

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Video Traffic Voice Traffic Data Traffic

Voice Traffic forwarded to Media Gateway by L3PE through MPLS Core

3. DSLAM adds Corresponding VOIP VLAN to the Voice Traffic

STB CPE Phone

3 PVCs for 3 Services

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Video Traffic Voice Traffic Data Traffic

Data / Voice / Video Services

CUST QinQ VLAN VLAN MCAST VLAN VOIP VLAN

STB CPE Phone

3 PVCs for 3 Services

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

CUST QinQ VLAN VLAN MCAST VLAN VOIP VLAN RPR T2

High Speed Internet access Killer App. VPNs Multicasting

WIRELINE BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED