Intensive Program Formative Test of Topic of a Text Duration: 60 minutes Main Idea Definition Form Location Clue Examples

: The idea which represents the content of a text. : It is a kind of a phrase (not sentence) : It is mostly located on every paragraph of a text. : It has a core word(s) which is/are always discussed on each paragraph. :

THE USE OF MONEY With money we can buy the things that we need everyday. And there are many things that money can buy. The problem is the amount of money that you have and how wisely you use that amount. Money is first of all a means of exchange. If you want to exchange some books that you do not need for a short, you may try to find someone who needs your books and who has the shirt that you want. But it is often to recognize an exchange. It is easier to sell the books and then buy the shirt you like. Money is also a means of measuring the value of other things. It is easier to say how many rupiahs a cow costs that to say that it has the same value as five goats. We can also store value with money. It doesnt spoil as fish or fruit or vegetables do when they are sold. The cost of things, of course, may change as time goes on and the money that you have today may buy less in the future. It loses a lot of its value, money will be a bad means of storing value. Then it will spoil as a farmers product can spoil. Finally, money is a means for making payments. You may buy a bicycle now and pay for it in five months, and make a payment of one fifth of the cost every month. This is better than buying one fifth of a bicycle at a time and not riding it until you have bought all parts. Many shopkeepers are happy to do this for you if your credit is good. That is, if you always make your payment on time. Discussion: From the text we find that the words THE USE is developed on every paragraph. Each paragraph explains the use of money in different function. So we can say that the words THE USE is the cord words of a topic. The conclusion that because every paragraph explain different function, the topic of the paragraph above is THE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS OF MONEY or THE VARIOUS FUNCTIONS OF MONEY.

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Please determine the topic of these texts

The influenza virus is a single molecule composed of millions of individual atoms. Although bacteria can be considered a type of plant, secreting poisonous substances into the body of the organism they attack, viruses, like influenza virus, are living organism themselves. We may consider them regular chemical molecules since they have strictly defined atomic structure; but on the other hand, we must also consider them as being alive since they are able to multiply in unlimited quantities. An attack brought on by the presence of the influenza virus in the body produces a temporary immunity, but unfortunately the protection is against only the type of virus that caused the influenza. Because the disease can be produced by any one of three types, referred to as A, B, or C, and many strains within each type, immunity to one virus will not prevent infection by another type or strain.
Tea is a kind of drink consumed by people all over the world. Tea ranks as the most popular drink in more countries than any other beverage . But, there are people who do not drink tea. They say that tea damages kidneys and the surface of teeth . I absolutely disagree with such arguments . The small amount of caffeine found in tea is a stimulant. Caffeine dissolve in water and has crystals that look like needles. When taken in small amounts, caffeine increases the circulation and is considered harmless. Caffeine is used as a stimulant of the heart and nervous system in certain disorders. People who drink normal black tea distressed more quickly and had lower levels of cortisol (a stress hormone) in their blood after a harrowing event. When taken large amounts however, caffeine causes nervousness and loss of sleep. It also may cause headaches and digestive disturbances. Caffeine is also a remedy for poisoning by alcohol, opium, and other drugs that depress (slow down) the nervous system. A recent report in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition reveals evidence that drinking three cups of tea a day reduce the risk of coronary heart disease because the water in the tea can help top up fluids in the body. Dietitian Frankie Philips says it makes no difference if you drink tea by using a bag of loose leaves. But the brewing time will have an effect on the tea. The stronger the tea, the higher contain of polyphenols will be which acts, as antioxidants in the body. To my opinion, drink any kind of tea to reduce stress. Cool off with tea.

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Please determine the topic of these texts MEDITERRANEAN SEA Every year 100 million holiday makers are drawn to the Mediterranean. With onethird of the worlds tourist trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations, and it is also the most polluted. Small and big rivers have their mouth at the sea. Factories cluster around the coast line or along the rivers. Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast sluices its sewage, untreated into the sea. They dont have proper waste treatment plant. Some of the countries around the Mediterranean are agricultural countries. Farmers in these countries use pesticides and fertilizers. They are blown off the fields into the sea. Detergents from millions of sinks also pollute the sea water. And the most hazardous substances thrown into the sea are those from chemical industries. The Mediterranean is not safe for holiday makers. Anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. The danger is not only for swimmers. The fish are poisoned by the toxic waste disposed by factories. People who consume the fish may get cancer as a result. The good news is that the countries of the Mediterranean have been coming out together to work out how to save their common sea. They have to make sure that all factories are equipped with anti pollution filters and equipment. Laws are introduced for industries to reduce levels of pollution. Topic : .

TELEVISION Television is a system used to broadcast moving pictures and sound by radio waves or by cable. Pictures are converted into electrical signals by cameras. Sounds are converted into signals by microphones. Pre-recorded tape such as film, has sound and pictures in signal form. When the program is broadcast, the signals are sent to transmitting aerials. Receiving aerials pick up the signals and feed them to television sets which change the signals back into pictures and sound. In Europe broadcast television pictures are composed of 625 lines and shown at the rate of 25 pictures per second. In the USA and Japan, the picture is composed of 525 lines and 30 pictures per second. Because the pictures are shown in rapid succession, they give the impression of smooth movement. Closed circuits television (CCTV) conveys pictures from a camera directly to a cathode ray tube screen by cable. CCTV is used inn security and surveillance watch doors, shops and banks for intruders or thieves. Broadcast television is used for entertainment and educational purposes.

Topic : The process of broadcast television pictures

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Dengue fever is a disease found in a tropical climate. It is caused by a virus, which is transmitted by the Aides mosquitoes. It is a painful disease. But it usually ends in complete recovery within a few weeks. The symptoms include high fever and join pains. Some people have headaches. They also sweat and sometimes get a rash. In south East Asia it has become a severe form of the disease. It is called dengue hemorrhagic fever. It has caused many deaths among children in recent years. It has spread throughout most of the tropical regions of the world. Topic : The existence of dengue fever.

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