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Essay on India (1) About India India is officially well known as Bharat Ganarajya or Republic of India.

India is a country situated in South Asia according to the stats of geographical area India i s worlds seventh largest country. India is also known well its population, in popu lation India is on second number. India is worlds most populous democracy country . By reweing map of India we cam to know that cean, in the south west area it is bounded ia is bounded by Bay of Bengal an Indias and Barma countries are situated . Andaman der with Indonesia and Thailand. in south India is bounded by Indian O by Arabian Sea and on the south east Ind border Pakistan, Nepal, China, Bangladesh Nicobar Islands of Indias shares sea bor

India is a home of ancient Indus valley civilization and also having strong routes of its history and culture. India is a world famous for its ancient history and culture. In India worlds four largest religions are present Hinduism, Janism, Sikhis Before few times ago the Muslim and Christianity also took place in India during th e 1st millennium. India is a country having the mixture of all religions in its nature known as Indians. In the early 18th century India was administrated by British East India Company di rectly for many years and after many movements and struggle India announced Inde pendent country in the year 1947. India economy is worlds 10th largest economic country in many fields such as Nomin al GDP, Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). With in few years India represented itself a s a country having strong economy and also very fast growing. Indias political system runs under the observation of Parlia mentary System which c overs the all 28 states and also all 7 union territories. India is the worlds largest democracy. In Indias natural habitats a large diversity of wild life is found protected. From the term Indus the India came out India country is also well known as Bharat Gan arajya. In the ancient times India was well known as Aryavarta and it was famous all over world as the Land of the Hindus. (2) Indian History History of India is very old and interesting. History of country India is one of the biggest among all. History of India his many shows that it changed widely w ith time. But according to the study the history of India can be divided in four parts:(A) (B) (C) (D) Ancient Indian history Medieval Indian History Early Modern Indian history Modern Indian History

(A) History of Ancient India The time period during 200 to 500 BCE use to come as the time of ancient Indias h istory. Few times back Anatomically modern human founded in the region South Asia wh ich belongs to 30,000 years old, Claimed in study. In many regions of India Mesol ithic rock art has been founded which includes Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pra desh state. Approximately near 7000 BCE just time back in the regions of Western P akistan and in the Mehrgarh region also. There were many civilization statements wh ich occurred during the Indus valley civilization such as cities like Mohanjo-Daro, H arppa Dholvira and Kalibangan and the proofs of the cities and its civilizations are a lso present and founded.

Iron age was also the part of ancient history of India during this time period Veda s the holy book of Hinduism were written. Many historians also founded many proof s and analyzed about Vedic Culture in the region Punjab. In ancient India there was a Caste System which was divided in four parts:(a) (b) (c) (d) Brahmin Kshatriya Vaishya Shoodra

During the Vedic Period after that time period many other religions also took birt h like Jainism and Buddhidm. Gautam Buddha gave birth to new religion known as Buddhis and Mahaveera gave birth to another new religion known as Jainism. As soon as the ti me passed both of these religion came in existence strongly. The Sangam literature which is written in Tamil Language reveals that between the ti me period of 200 CE and 200 BCE the south region was being ruled by the Pandyas, t he Cholas and by the Cheras. After that time between the time period of 4th and 5th centuries the Gupta Empire came in existences. In ancient time Classical Sanskrit language and literature came in existence and t he world also found and followed our ancient time Indian Science, Medicine, Astronomy and also in many other fields, many inventions came out during this time period. (B) History of Medieval India The time period of 600 CE to 1200 CE is exclaimed as Medieval time of Indias hist ory. During the Medieval time period Harsh the king of Kannauj ruled on the vast are of Indo-Gangetic plain fields during the time of 606 to 647 CE and also moved f orward to expand their empire in south region. Harsha was defeated by the king. Cha lukya who was the king and ruler of Deccan. After it when king Chalukya attacked on s outh region to expand its empire was get defeated by Pallavas and the Cholas. At tha t time those was not even a single king who was desired during ancient time came strongly with negative effects in Medieval time period. During the Medieval time many cities and regions and began to appear under the u rbanization process. Many temples were made by the kings and rulers during this time. The Indian merchants came in existence and started their business to the l and of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia and Vietnam known by these names in pr esent time. The scholars began to translate ancient literature in many different languages. During this time many outers attacked and ruled on India such as after the 10th century Muslims Intruded India and made their Saltanat mainly in North and South India . In the 13th century Mongal Raiders claimed themselves as ruler and attacked agai n an India. Their religions and activities also effected Indian society culture and slowly they got mixed in our huge culture. After even these attacks there were Vijaynagara Empire and also Shaivite tradition w ho ruled and effected (c) History of Early Modern India The time period between 16th century to 18th century is famous as the early mode rn India. During 16th century to 18th century mainly Muslim rulers intruded in India and r uled on India. Their empire was also famous as Mughal Empire. Mughal empire rised frequently under the Akbar. Akbar united the whole Mughal empire in a systematic way . Mughals made money economic policies which effected the business and agricultu re of India. Mughals created many famous paintings, literature, textiles and arch itecture and effected Indian culture.

During Mughal rule India faced many army experiences and many wars occurred and done. In early modern India business reached at a new heights and by this time B ritish company also entered in India created effects on education system, societ y system and Indian culture and rised as a new economic power. (d) History of Modern India Modern Indias history started from the time 1848 when in the year 1848 Governor g eneral Lord Dalhousie of East India Company came in existence and ruled in India. Wh en British East India Company started to rule over India the revolution of 1857 ca me in existence and a new ware began between India and British Empire for freedo m. Many great leaders came forward to save and make free the Indian nation.

Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) started many movements and anshans to fight against British Empire. Except Mahatma Gandhi great leaders like Sardar Bh agat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Lala Lajpat Rai, Subhash Chandra Bose, Lal Bahadur S tri, Sardar Ballabh Bhai Patel and many more came in existence in Indian history an d all of them devoted their lives to save and to serve the nation and become fam ous in history. They all devoted their happiness and their lives to set India free from the Brit ish rulers and started the chain of continuous movements and struggle to make th e dream of freedom of India a reality. India achieved Independence in the year 1947 and Indian leaders prepared the the me of law and constitution to run the Indian nation. During this time period Pakistan came in existence as a new country which was sepa rated from the land of India. And Jawaharlal Lal Nehru became the 1st Prime minist er of India and congress party came in existence in the Indian politics. (3) Geography of India The coast line measurement of India is 7,715 Km. in length and having the distan ce of 5,423 Km. Map of India contain the island of Andman, Nicobar and Lakshadwe ep according to analyzed data there are 43% beaches full of sands, 11% Rocky pla tes which also includes cliffs and also have 46% of Mudlands on shores.

There are many great and holy river which use to flow on the Indian grounds name Ganga and Brahmaputra and both these rivers use to drain into the Bay of Bengal ultim ately. Ganga includes two rivers known as Yamuna and Kasi which causes a disaster ever y year due to flood. Except these there are Godavari, Kaveri, Mahananda and Krishna r rs also. Narmada and Tapti river use to drain finally into the Arabian Sea. Indian border is also surrounded by the The Great Himalyan Range in north. The cli mate of India is strongly decided and effected by Himalyan Range and naturally Ind ia also contains many mountain and hilly areas, Desert and ground regions. By analyzing above data it is understood the Indian geography is full with diver sities. (4) Indian Politics and Government The Government system of India is also full of diversities like Geographic and b iological diversity. The Government and politics of India runs under a Parliament ary System which comes directly under the Constitution of India There are two types of Government in India:(A) Central Government (B) State Government (C) National Symbols of India:(i) Flag

(ii) Tricolour Anthem Jana Gana Mana (iii) National Song Vande Mataram (iv) Calendar Saka (v) Nationa Games Hockey (vi) National Flower Lotus (vii) National Fruit Mango (ix) National Tree Banyan (x) National Bird Peacock (xi) National Animal Royal Bengal Tiger (xii) National aquatic animal Dolphin (xiii) National River Ganga (D) States of India There are total 28 states in India which are following:1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Arunanchal Pradesh 3. Assam 4. Bihar 5. Chattisgarh 6. Goa 7. Gujrat 8. Haryana 9. Himanchal Pradesh 10. Jammu & Kashmir 11. Jharkhand 12. Karnataka 13. Kerala 14. Madhya Pradesh 15. Maharashtra 16. Manipur 17. Meghalaya 18. Mizoram 19. Nagaland 20. Orissa 21. Punjab 22. Rajasthan 23. Sikkim 24. Tamil Nadu 25. Tripura 26. Uttar Pradesh 27. Uttarakhand 28. West Bangal (E) Union Territories of India Basically there are 7 union territories in India mentioned below:(1) Andaman and Nicobar Islands (2) Chandigarh (3) Dadra and Nagar Haveli (4) Daman and Diu (5) Laksadweep (6) National capital Delhi (7) Pondicherry Facts about India 1. Capital New Delhi 2. Longest City Mumbai 3. Main Languges Hindi, English 4. Natives Indian 5. Government:(a) President Pratibha Patil

(b) Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (c) Speaker of the House Meira Kumar (d) Chief Justice S.H.Kapadia 6. Legal elements:(a) Parliament (b) Rajya Sabha (c) Lok Sabha 7. Area (a) Total area is 3,287,263 Km2 8. Currency (a) Indian rupees (INR) Tourism in India There are uncountable tourist place in India and every place has its own story a nd history, Tourism places in India are mentioned below according to states:(1) Andhra Pradesh Tourism:- Tirupati, Ramappa Temple, Thousand pillar Temple, K akatiya, Vemulavanda, Warangal, Sarawati temple, Gnana Sraswati temple, Sri Venk ateshwara Swami temple, Sri Kanaka Durga Temple, Sri Mallikaruna Temple, Sri Var aha Lakshmi Narsimha Temple, Sri Kalashatiswara Temple, Sri Amaralinngeswara swa mi Temple, Sri Someswara swami Temple, Sri Kshira Rama Lingeswara swami Temple, Sri Bhimeswara swami Temple, Sri Satyanarayana swami Temple, Charminar, Golkonda Fort, Makka Masjid, Ramoji Film City, Bhimili beach, Araku valley, Barra caves. (2)Arunanchal Pradesh:- Hills and valleys, Colorful cultural festivals, Tawang m onastery, Prasuram Kund, Ganga lake, Sea lake, Forrests. (3)Assam:- Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Pobitora Wild life Sanc tuary, Majuli, Sivasagar, Ahom Kingdom, Tezpur, Brahmaputra river, Jatinga, Kama khya Temple, Tantric Temple, Dhubri town, Guwahati. (4)Bihar:- Patna, Gaya, Kesariya, Nalanda, Sararam, Sonepur cattle fair, Sri Pat na Sahib Takht, Barbhanga, Munger, Babar caves, Khuda Baksh Oriental Library. (5) Chattisgarh:- Chitrakot Water Falls, Kutusmsar caves, Ramgarh, Sita Bengra, Bhoramdeo Temple, Sirpur, Rajim, Ratanpur, Malhar (6) Delhi:- Tughlaqabad Fort, Qutub Minar, Purana Quila, Lodhi gardens, Jama Mas jid, Humayuns Tomb, Red Fort, Safdur Jungs Tomb, Jantar-Mantar, India Gate, Rashtr apati Bahvan, Laxminarayan Temple, Lotus Temple, Akshardham Temple. (7) Goa:- Hindu Temples, Wildlife Santuaries, Basilica of Bom Jesus, Mangueshi T emple, Dudhsagar falls, Shantadurga, Carnival in Goa, Beaches of Goa. (8) Gujrat:- Great Runn of Kutch, Saputara, Protected areas, Islamic architechtu re, Ahemdabad, Wild life Sancturies. (9) Haryana:- Kurukshetra, Jyotisar, Thanesar, Pehowa, Panchkula. (10) Himanchal Pradesh:- Himalayan Lanscapes, Hill Stations, Shimla, Mountain Ra ilway, adventurous sports like rock climbing, mountain biking, Paragliding, skat ing, Manali, Kasauli, Dharamshala, Markets. (11) Jammu & Kashmir:- Jammu, Kashmir valley, Vaishno Devi Temple, Natural lands capes, Dal lake, Shrinagar, Leh, Ladakh, Amarnath Yatra. (12) Karnataka:- Kadanbas, Western Gangas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Haysalas, Vi jaynagar, Mysore, Badami, Aihole, Pattadakal, Mahakuta, Hampi, Halasi, Galaganat

ha, Chaudayyadanapura, Banavasi, Belue, Halibidu, Sringeri, Sannati, Nanjangud, Nandi Hills, Kolar, Mudabidri, Gokarna, Kurwatti, Baijpur, Bidar, Gulbarga, Raic hur, Gol Gumbaz, Hagia Spphia, Jog falls, Shimoga, Karwar, Gokarna Murdeshwara, Surathkal, Yana, Chitradurga a Fort. (13) Kerla:- Mlabar Coasts, Kovalam, Hill place, Periyar wild life sanctuary, Er avikulam national park, Cannals, Mattancherry, Trivandrum. (14) Madhya Pradesh:- Khajuraho, Jabalpur, Bandhavgarh, National Park, Kalinjer Durg, Narmada river, Bedaghat, Dhuandhaar fall, Mountain ranges, Forrests, Ujjai n the city of temples. (15) Maharashtra:- Ellora caves, Ajanta caves, Chhatrapatti Shivaji terminal, El ephant caves, Haji Ali Mosque, Bibi ka Maqbara, Aurangabad, Mahalakshmi Temple, Sai Baba Temple, Shanidev Temple, Nashik, Khandala. (16) Manipur:- Loktak lake, Imphal, Churachandpur, Keibul Lamjao national park, Moreh. (17) Meghalaya:- Cheeapunjee, Umiam lake, Shillong, Elephant falls, Shadthum fal ls, Weinia falls, Bishop falls, Nokhalikai falls, Langshiany falls, Sweet falls, Hot Springs. (18) Orissa:- Udaygiri caves, Khandagiri caves, Viharas, Jaganath Temple, Sun te mple, The Leaning temple of Huma, Sitalsasthi Carnival, Rock of Ashoka. (19) Punjab:- Chandigarh, Amritsar, Ludhiyana, Harmandir Sahib, Golden Temple. ( 20) Rajasthan:- The desert, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Thar Desert, Udaipur, Jaisalmer, Ba rmer, Bikaner fort, Mount Abu, Pushkar temple, Nathdwar, Keoladeo national park, Bharatpurbir Sanctuary, Ranthambore fort, Balaji temple, Arravali range. (21) Sikkim:- New Jalpaiguri, Ganktok, Kalimpong, Forests, National parks, Darje eling, Hill stations. (22) Tamil Nadu:- Great living chola temple, Mahabalipuram , Madurai Meenakshi temple, Brihadeshwarar temple, Sri Rangnath Swami temple, Ka nyakumari, Thiruvalluvar, Yercaud, kodaikanal, Ooty, Valparci, Yelagiri, waterfa lls and wildlife sanctuaries, Mangrove forest. (23) Uttarakhand:- Haridwar, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Ganotri, Yamunotri, Rishikesh , Kanchanjunga, Himalayan range, Tapovan, Dunagiri, Dehradun, Gadhwal, valley of flowers, Pindari glacier, Gangotri and Gomukh glacier, Dokrani glacier, Aauli, Corbett National Park, Rajaji national Park, Nanda devi national park, Govind wi ld life sanctuary, dayara Bagyal, Trishool, Murdali, Joshimath, Uttarkashi, Paur i. (24) Uttar Pradesh:- Tajmahal Agra, Prayag Kumbh mela Allahabad, Lucknow, Kanpur , Mathura, Ayodhya, Jhansi, Sarnath, Kushinagar, Dudhwa National park, Rehar, Ch unnar fort.

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