Learning Objectives

1. To understand the structure, function and characteristics of computer systems 2. To understand the design of the various functional units of digital computers 3. To learn basics of Parallel Computer Architecture. UNIT 1 Computer Evolution & Arithmetic

A Brief History of computers, Designing for Performance, Von Neumann Architecture, Hardware architecture, Computer Components, Interconnection Structures, Bus Interconnection, Scalar Data Types, Fixed and Floating point numbers, Signed numbers, Integer Arithmetic, 2s Complement method for multiplication, Booths Algorithm, Hardware Implementation, Division, Restoring and Non Restoring algorithms, Floating point representations, IEEE standards, Floating point arithmetic, Register Configuration, BCD Adder, BCD Subtraction. UNIT 2 Organization of Computer

Organization of a Computer Central Progressing Unit (CPU), Stack Organization, Register Stack, Memory Stack, Reverse Polish Notation. Instruction Formats, Three- Address Instructions, Two Address Instructions, One- Address Instructions, Zero Address Instructions, RISC and CISC Characteristics, Addressing modes.

UNIT 3

Memory Organization

Characteristics of memory systems, Internal and External Memory, Types of memories: ROM: PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, RAM: SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, RDRAM High-Speed Memories: Cache Memory, Organization and Mapping Techniques, Replacement Algorithms, Cache Coherence, MESI protocol. Virtual Memory: Main Memory allocation, Segmentation, Paging, Address Translation Virtual to Physical. Secondary Storage: Magnetic Disk, Tape, DAT, RAID, Optical memory, CDROM, DVD UNIT 4 Input-Output Organization Modes Of Transfer, Priority Interrupt, DMA, Input-Output Processor (IOP), CPUIOP Communication. UNIT 5 Parallel Organization

Organizations, Closely and Loosely coupled multiprocessors systems, Symmetric Multiprocessors, Clusters, UMA NUMA, Vector Computations,

RISC: Instruction execution characteristics,, RISC architecture and pipelining. RISC Vs CISC

Text Books 1. J. Hays, Computer Architecture and Organization, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1988 ISBN 0 07 100479 3 2. 3. W. Stallings William, Computer Organization and Architecture: Principles of Structure and Function, 2nd Ed, Maxwell Macmillan Editions, 1990 ISBN 0 02 946297 5 1. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, 4th Ed, Prentice Hall of India, 1991 ISBN 81 203 1553 7 1. G. George, Computer Organization: Hardware and Software, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 1986 2. 3. D. Paterson, J. Hennesy, Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware Software Interface, 2nd Edition, Morgan Kauffman, 2000 ISBN