Displacement - Distance a part of a wave has moved from the equilibrium position.

Amplitude - Maximum displacement from the equilibrium position. Wavelength- Distance between two adjacent points in a wave that are in phase. Period- The time for one complete oscillation. Phase difference - The fraction of a cycle between two oscillations. Frequency- The number of oscillations per unit time. Speed of a wave- product of the frequency and wavelength. Principle of superposition- When two or more waves, of the same type, meet the resultant displacement is a vector sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point Interference the formation of points of cancellation or reinforcement where two coherent waves pass through each other. Coherence waves with a constant phase difference. Path difference the difference in the distances travelled by two waves from coherent sources at a particular point. Nodes- a point on a stationary wave with zero amplitude. Antinodes - a point on a stationary wave with maximum amplitude. Fundamental mode of vibration the lowest frequency stationary wave for a particular system. Harmonics frequencies of vibration that create a standing wave that is not the fundamental frequency. Coulomb that quantity of charge that passes when 1 A of current flows for one second Kirchhoff first law the sum of the currents into a point equals the sum of the current s out of that point. Mean drift velocity the average speed of electrons through a current carrying conductor. Potential difference the energy transferred to an electrical component by the current, from electrical energy into other forms of energy, per unit charge. Volt 1 volt is the potential difference when 1 J of energy is transferred by 1 C of charge. Electromotive force (e.m.f.) - the energy transferred to the current by the cell, from chemical into electrical energy, per unit charge. Resistance ratio of potential difference to current for a component in a circuit. Ohm - 1 ohm of resistance exists when a p.d. of 1 V is used to drive a current of 1 A through a component/circuit.

Resistivity - resistivity = resistance x cross-sectional area/length Kwh- 1 KWh is energy transferred by an appliance of 1kW power when used for 1 hour. Kirchhoffs second law the sum of the e.m.f.s = sum of the p.d.s in a closed loop Electronvolt the energy gained by an electron travelling through 1V of potential difference. Energy level the quantised states of an electron in an atom. Ground state the lowest energy level occupied by an electron in an atom. Intensity = power Cross sectional area Kilowatt hour 1 kWh is the energy transferred by a 1kW component in 1hour. Longitudinal wave a wave in which the particles oscillate parallel to the direction of energy transfer. Transverse wave a wave in which the particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer. Number density the number of charge carriers per unit volume. Ohms Law current is directly proportional to the potential difference provided the temperature remains constant. Photon a quantum of electromagnetic energy. Power the rate of energy transfer. Progressive wave a wave that transfers energy. Stationary wave a wave in which energy is not transferred. Threshold frequency the minimum frequency of electromagnetic radiation that will release electrons from a metal surface. Work function the energy required by an electron to escape the surface of the metal. Stooping voltage the p.d. required to prevent a photocurrent in a photocell.