What is "Bollywood"? Bollywood is the name given to the Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry in India.

When combined with other Indian film industries (Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada), it is considered to be the largest in the world in terms of number of films produced, and maybe also the number of tickets sold. The term Bollywood was created by conflating Bombay (the city now called Mumbai) and Hollywood (the famous center of the United States film industry). Bollywood films are usually musicals. Few movies are made without at least one song-and-dance number. Indian audiences expect full value for their money; they want songs and dances, love interest, comedy and dare-devil thrills, all mixed up in a three hour long extravaganza with intermission. Such movies are called masala movies, after the spice mixture masala. Like masala, these movies have everything. The plots are often melodramatic. They frequently employ formulaic ingredients such as starcrossed lovers, corrupt politicians, twins separated at birth, conniving villains, angry parents, courtesans with hearts of gold, dramatic reversals of fortune, and convenient coincidences. Bollywood song and dance While most actors, especially today, are excellent dancers, few are also singers. Songs are generally pre-recorded by professional playback singers with actors lip-synching the words, often while dancing.

The dancing in Bollywood films, especially older ones, is primarily modeled on Indian dance: classical dance styles, dances of historic northern Indian courtesans (tawaif), or folk dances. In modern films, Indian dance elements often blend with Western dance styles.

English Civil War

The English Civil War (16421651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers). The first (164246) and second (164849) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (164951) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. The English Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with, first, the Commonwealth of England (164953), and then with a Protectorate (165359), under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule. The monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship in England ended with the victors consolidating the established Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. Constitutionally, the wars established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without Parliament's consent, although this concept was legally established only with the Glorious Revolution later in the century.

Terminology
The term English Civil War appears most commonly in the singular form, although historians often divide the conflict into two or three separate wars. Although the term describes events as impinging on England, from the outset the conflicts involved wars with and civil wars within both Scotland and Ireland; see Wars of the Three Kingdoms for an overview. Unlike other civil wars in England, which focused on who ruled, this war also concerned itself with the manner of governing the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica called the series of wars the Great Rebellion, while some historians, especially Marxists such as Christopher Hill (19122003), have long favoured the term English Revolution.[1]

BRICS
Not to be confused with BRIC, the acronym for an economic forecast theory promulgated by Goldman Sachs. BRICS is the title of an association of leading emerging economies, arising out of the inclusion of South Africa into the BRIC group in 2010. As of 2012, the group's five members are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.[2] With the possible exception of Russia,[3] the BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries, but they are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies[4] and significant influence on regional and global affairs. As of 2012, the five BRICS countries represent almost 3 billion people, with a combined nominal GDP of US$13.7 trillion,[1] and an estimated US$4 trillion in combined foreign reserves.[5] Presently, India holds the chair of the BRICS group. President of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao has described the BRICS countries as defenders and promoters of developing countries and a force for world peace.[6] However, some analysts have highlighted potential divisions and weaknesses in the grouping, such as India and China's disagreements over Tibetan and border issues,[7] the failure of the BRICS to establish a World Bankanalogue development agency, and disputes between the members over UN Security Council reform.[8]

History
The foreign ministers of the initial four BRIC states (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) met in New York City in September 2006, beginning a series of high-level meetings. A full-scale diplomatic meeting was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, on May 16, 2008.[9]

Entry of South Africa

In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year.[14] South Africa officially became a member nation on December 24, 2010, after being formally invited by the BRIC countries to join the group.[14] The group was renamed BRICS with

the "S" standing for South Africa to reflect the group's expanded membership. [15] In April 2011, South African President Jacob Zuma attended the 2011 BRICS summit in Sanya, China, as a full member.The grouping has held annual summits since 2009, with member countries taking turns to host. Prior to South Africa's admission, two BRIC summits were held, in 2009 and 2010. The first five-member BRICS summit was held in 2011.
Obama in Rio: soccer, speech and a disappointed crowd US president praises Brazilian democracy as example for Arab world.

RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil President Barack Obama came, he kicked a soccer ball, he even spoke a little Portuguese. The presidents second day in Rio de Janeiro has been billed as a bid to open economic doors and connect on personal level with the Brazilian people. But the visit ended up being overshadowed by military action in Libya, and limited by heightened security. Obama began his day in the City of God, a once-violent slum now controlled by police, where he saw a dance performance and kicked a soccer ball around with a few school kids before heading downtown for a speech: Yet as Obama prepared to deliver remarks praising Brazil and highlighting the countrys similarity to the U.S., the eyes of the White House press corps remained fixed on recent events in Libya. Just one mention of Libya in the speech, one White House correspondent told another after scanning an advance draft moments before the speech was set to begin in a packed theater downtown. apost((((((((((((((((((((The specific mention came in the homestretch of remarks seemingly peppered with suggestions Brazil should have backed Americas support of Libyas anti-Gaddafi rebels. (Brazil abstained from the UN security council vote authorizing the use of force in Libya). Weve seen the people of Libya take a courageous stand against a regime determined to brutalize its own citizens, Obama said. For our two nations, for the United States and Brazil, two nations who have struggled over many generations to perfect our own democracies, the United States and Brazil know that the future of the Arab world will be determined by its people." Brazils democracy, the president said, stood as an example to the conflicted regimes in Middle East. Those who argue that democracy stands in the way of economic progress, they must contend with the example of Brazil, Obama said. The president opened and closed the speech to standing ovations, greeting and thanking the crowd in Portuguese. As for connecting with regular Brazilian folks, however, the speechs staging and venue fell somewhat short.

Obama spoke Sunday afternoon to about 2,000 well-dressed, well-connected Brazilians whod packed themselves into Rios baroque Theatro Municipal, a velvet-curtained, carved-marble opera house in the heart of the citys downtown. The original plan called for the speech to take place in the plaza outside, before an audience of more than 10,000. The Secret Serviceand not the presidentnixed the plan citing security concerns. That didnt stop hundreds of people from gathering outside the theater hoping for glimpse of the president. When it didnt happen, more than a few said they felt personally let down. Perhaps no one more so than a middle-aged black teacher who told Solana shed flown 700 miles and slept in the airport in hope of telling her grandkids shed met, or at least seen, Americas first black president. Solana interviewed her on camera and, even though Ive seen the video several times now, her story still kind of breaks my heart.))))))))))))))) ENEM
reports due today! My report is about how important it is to save paper, electricity, and other resources. Ill send it to you telepathically. garfield remenber my old girlfriend jodell? you know... the psycho? you'll have to be more specific Hows your mood? For an interesting attempt to measure cause and effect try Mappiness, a project run by the London School of Economics, which offers a phone app that prompts you to record your mood and situation. The Mappiness website says: Were particularly interested in how peoples happiness is affected by their local environment air pollution, noise, green spaces, and so on which the data from Mappiness will be absolutely great for investigating. Will it work? With enough people, it might. But there are other problems. Weve been using happiness and well-being interchangeably. Is that ok? The difference comes out in a sentiment like: We were happier during the war. But was our well-being also greater then? 91 Going to university seems to reduce the risk of dying from coronary heart disease. An American study that involved 10 000 patients from around the world has found that people who leave school before the age of 16 are five times more likely to suffer a heart attack and die than university graduates.
World Report News. Magazine Speak Up. Ano XIV, no 170. Editora Camelot, 2001.