Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64267-5 - Metal Forming Analysis R. H. Wagoner and J.-L.

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Contents

Preface Acknowledgments 1 Mathematical Background 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 2 Notation Stress Strain Mechanical Principles Elasticity Plasticity Viscoplasticity Elastoplasticity Elastoviscoplasticity Friction

page xi xiii 1 1 2 4 7 8 9 13 14 15 15 17 18 23 27 37 41 47 47 52 56 62 64 67 77 78 84
vii

Introduction to the Finite-Element Method 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Comparison of Finite-Difference and Finite-Element Methods with Analytical Solutions Spatial Discretization Shape Functions Stiffness Matrix Assembly of the Stiffness Matrix

Finite Elements for Large Deformation 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Isoparametric Elements Numerical Integration Solution of Linear Finite-Element Systems Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Finite-Element Systems Finite-Element Formulation of a Boundary-Value Problem A Simple Example of Finite-Element Calculation

Typical Finite Elements 4.1 4.2 Two-Dimensional Elements Axisymmetric Elements

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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64267-5 - Metal Forming Analysis R. H. Wagoner and J.-L. Chenot Table of Contents More information

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CONTENTS

4.3 4.4 4.5 5

Three-Dimensional Elements Application to Linear Elasticity The Time-Dependent Heat Problem

86 92 94 103 105 110 111 116 120 125 132 132 138 141 152 153 158 164 167 170 177 177 192 198 205 206 208 223 225 233 234 243 255 270 278 280 286 287 291 297 302

Classification of Finite-Element Formulations 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Implicit and Explicit Formulations Rigid-Plastic or Elastoplastic Approximation Incremental, Rate, and Flow Formulations Lagrangian Versus Eulerian Schemes Mixed Methods Material Integration Schemes

Auxiliary Equations: Contact, Friction, and Incompressibility 6.1 6.2 6.3 The Contact Problem Friction Incompressibility

Thermomechanical Principles 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 The Elementary Heat Equations Thermodynamic Principles for Continuous Media Thermoelasticity Elastoviscoplasticity and Elastoplasticity Thermomechanical Coupling

Sheet-Metal Formability Tests 8.1 8.2 8.3 Tensile Test The Plane-Strain Tension Test In-Plane Forming Limits

Steady-State Forming Problems 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Slab Analysis Versus the Finite-Element Solution Rolling Extrusion Drawing

10

Forging Analysis 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Non-Finite-Element Results 2-D Finite-Element Results Finite-Element Axisymmetrical Results Nonisothermal Effects Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Computation of Complex Parts Elastoplastic and Elastoviscoplastic Analysis

11

Sheet-Forming Analysis 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Overview Elements Used in SHEET-S and SHEET-3 Mesh Normal Formulation Equilibrium Equation

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11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 12

Contact and Friction: General Considerations Consistent Full Set Algorithm Numerical Solution Procedure Example Simulations Performance of SHEET-3 in International Benchmark Tests

304 307 315 322 329 341 341 348 352 356 360 367

Recent Research Topics 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Meshing and Remeshing Error Estimation Adaptive Remeshing Application to Orthogonal Machining Advanced Solution Methods

Index

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