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Spanish

3A 2012-2013 Study Packet


Table of Contents
Verb Tenses Conjugation
Note: I did not include the conjugations of the present, preterite, or imperfect. Those are review, and if you wish to review them, then feel free to look them up on Study Spanish :)
Future Regular and Irregular Conditional Regular and Irregular Past Participles Present Perfect Past Perfect Tense

Verb Tenses Usage

When to use Preterite versus Imperfect When to use Era versus Fue

Por and Para Constructions with Se Day of the Dead Prounous


Indirect Object Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns

Vocabulary Lists
Vocab List 1 Vocab List 2 (Technology) Vocab List 3 Vocab List 4 Thanksgiving Vocab

Poema XX Danza Kuduro Chorus Lyrics Journal Entries You Should Have

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Future Tense

The future tense is used to tell what "will" happen, or what "shall" happen.

Regular verbs in the future tense are conjugated by adding the following endings to the infinitive form of the verb: -, -s, -, -emos, -is, -n.
There are twelve common verbs that are irregular in the future tense. Their endings are regular, but their stems change. Since the endings are the same as all other future tense verbs, we show only the "yo" form, and have underlined the irregular stem. We have also grouped them according to their patterns of change. caber yo cabr poner yo pondr decir yo dir haber yo habr salir yo saldr hacer yo har poder yo podr tener yo tendr querer yo querr valer yo valdr saber yo sabr venir yo vendr

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Conditional Tense

Frequently, the conditional is used to express probability, possibility, wonder or conjecture, and is usually translated as would, could, must have or probably. Note: when "would" is used in the sense of a repeated action in the past, the imperfect is used.

To conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs in the conditional, simply add one of the following to the infintive:
a as a amos ais an

The same twelve common verbs that are irregular in the future tense are also irregular in the conditional tense. Their endings are regular, but their stems change in the same way they change in the future tense.

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Past Participles
Verb Ending -ar -er or -ir

Forming Past Participles Rule Example Verb Past Participle comido = eaten vivido = lived stem + -ado hablar = to speak hablado = spoken stem + -ido comer = to eat vivir = to live


Irregular Past Participles for Vowel + -er/-ir Verbs Verb Atraer Caer Creer Leer Or Poseer Sonrer Traer Verb Abrir Cubrir Decir Describir Descubrir Devolver Dissolver Envolver Escribir Frer Hacer Morir Oponer Poner Proveer Resolver Romper Ver Volver Translation to attract to fall to believe to read to hear to possess to smile to bring Translation to open to cover to say, to tell to describe to discover to dissolve to wrap (up) to write to fry to make, to do to die to oppose to put to provide to resolve to break to see to return Past Participle atrado cado credo ledo odo posedo sonredo trado Past Participle abierto cubierto dicho descrito descubierto disuelto envuelto escrito frito hecho muerto opuesto puesto provisto resuelto roto visto vuelto

Irregular Past Participles that Follow No Pattern

to return (something) devuelto

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Present Perfect
You use the present perfect verb tense in Spanish to express or describe actions that have happened recently and/or actions that still hold true in the present. The present perfect tense is one of seven compound tenses, which means you use the helping verb haber (to have) in the present tense with a past participle. The Present Tense of the Helping Verb Haber Conjugation yo he t has usted ha nosotros hemos vosotros habis ellos/ellas han ustedes han Translation I have You (informal) have You (formal) have We have You all (informal) have They have You all (formal) have

l/ella/ello/uno ha He/she/one has

In English, for example, you eat in the present, but you have eaten in the present perfect (eaten is the past participle). In other words, youre done eating in the present tense. Granted, the distinction between the past and the present perfect can be a little subtle in any language, but youll get the hang of it. The following sample sentences show the use of the present perfect: Yo he terminado la carta. I have finished the letter. Ellos han empezado la casa nueva. They have started the new house. Ella ha ledo aquella novela. She has read that novel.

As you go around telling people what youve just done or are still doing, keep the following rules and regulations in mind: Never separate the verb haber and the past participle with any other words. When using an object pronoun with the present perfect, the pronoun must precede the conjugated form of haber.

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Past Perfect Tense

In Spanish, the past perfect tense is formed by using the imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb "haber" with the past participle. Haber is conjugated as follows: haba habas haba habamos habamos habais haban The past perfect tense is used when a past action was completed prior to another past action. Expressions such as "ya", "antes", "nunca", "todava" and "despus" will often appear in sentences where one action was completed before another. The auxiliary verb is conjugated for the subject of the sentence, not the object. The auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. To make the sentence negative, add the word "no" before the conjugated form of haber.

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When to use Preterite versus Imperfect

Note: This is review so I did not get into really specific details, just a basic summary. Generally speaking, the preterite is used for actions in the past that are seen as completed. Use of the preterite tense implies that the past action had a definite beginning and definite end.


Generally speaking, the imperfect is used for actions in the past that are not seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end.

When to use Era versus Fue

As a general rule, you're normally safer using the imperfect of ser (yo era, tu eras, l o ella era, etc.) unless you're clearly talking about a specific time period (as when following the verb with durante).

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Por and Para


The preposition por shows the following: Motion/place: Caminan por las calles. (They walk through the streets.) Means/manner: Lo envo por correo areo. (Im sending it by air-mail.) In exchange for/substitution: Voy a hacerlo por t. (Im going to do it for you.) Duration of an action: Trabajo por una hora. (Im working for an hour.) Indefinite time period: Duerme por la tarde. (He sleeps in the afternoon.) On behalf of: La firmo por Ud. (I am signing it on your behalf.) Per: Me pagan por da. (They pay me per day.)

The preposition para shows the following: Destination/place: Salimos para Madrid. (We are leaving for Madrid.) Destination/person: Esto es para Ud. (This is for you.) A future time limit: Es para maana. (Its for tomorrow.) Purpose/goal: Nado para divertirme. (I swim to have fun.) Use/function: Es un cepillo para el pelo. (Its a hair brush.) Comparisons: Para su edad, lee bien. (For her age, she reads well.) Opinion: Para m es demasiado crudo. (For me its too rare.)

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Constructions with Se

As the equivalent of the English passive voice: By using se, particularly when discussing inanimate objects, it is possible to indicate some sort of action without indicating who performed the action. Grammatically, such sentences are structured in the same way that sentences using reflexive verbs are. Thus in a literal sense, a sentence such as se venden coches means "cars sell themselves." In actuality, however, such a sentence would be the English equivalent of "cars are sold" or, more loosely translated, "cars for sale." Examples: Se abren las puertas. (The doors are opened.) Se vendi la computadora. (The computer was sold.) Se perdieron los llaves. (The keys were lost.) Se prohibe fumar. (Smoking is prohibited.) "No fault" construction: One of the many uses of the word se in Spanish is in a "no fault" construction. Just as the name indicates, this construction is used for unexpected occurrences and does not place the blame on anyone. These sentences include se, an indirect object pronoun which refers to the person(s) involved (usually as an innocent victim) and the verb which is in the third person and agrees with the recipient. For example: A Juan se le perdi la cartera. Juan lost his wallet (Juan's wallet "got" lost). Se me olvidaron tus libros. I forgot your books (Your books were forgotten). Se nos cayeron los vasos. We dropped the glasses. (The glasses fell).

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Day of the Dead

Note: This is just a basic summary of the holiday. I would recommend re-reading the chapter we read in class, as there may be questions specific to that. Da de los Muertos, annual festival in Mexico and other parts of Latin America, commonly on November 1st and 2d. Its ancient Mesoamerican roots now augmented by Christian custom, it celebrates the dead with joy and humor rather than mourning, and coincides with All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day. Family graves are cleaned and decorated, and home altars ( ofrendas ) are embellished with offerings, e.g., candles, photos, foods, flowers. Special holiday breads and sugar skulls are baked and consumed, and charmingly colorful folk-art skeletons engaged in a variety of everyday activities commemorate the day.

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Indirect Object Pronouns (Click here for a practice quiz)

Indirect objects tell to whom or for whom something is done. Just like direct object pronouns replace direct objects, indirect object pronouns are the replacements for indirect objects, which are always personal nouns.


Singular Plural nos (to/for us) os (to/for you informal) 1st person me (to/for me) 2nd person te (to/for you informal)

3rd person le (to/for you formal, him, her, it) les (to/for them, you formal)

Notice that the 1st and 2nd person pronouns are the same as the direct object pronouns and that the 3rd person pronouns, "le" and "les" do not indicate any gender.

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Reflexive Pronouns (Click here for a practice quiz)

Reflexive pronouns work with a reflexive verb to indicate that a person is performing the action toward or for him- or herself. These types of verbs are not very common in English, but are used frequently in Spanish. Many actions related to personal care or daily routines are reflexive, but other verbs can be reflexive as well.

Reflexive pronouns have almost the same forms as indirect object pronouns except se is used in place ofle and les for the third person. The reflexive pronoun will always be the same person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and number (singular, plural) as the subject of the sentence. The subject is performing the action on him- or herself, making the object of the verb, the same as the subject. Compare two sentences in which one is reflexive and one is not. I wash myself. (Me lavo.) - myself is the object of wash I wash the dog. (Lavo el perro.) - the dog is the object of wash

When the object of the verb is the same person as the subject, you will need to use a reflexive pronoun that matches the subject of the verb in both number (singular, plural) and person (1st, 2nd, 3rd). Me lavo. (I wash myself.) Te lavas. (You wash yourself.) Se lava. (He washes himself./She washes herself./It washes itself./You wash yourself.) Nos lava. (We wash ourselves.) Os lava. (You wash yourselves.) Se lavan. (They wash themselves./You wash yourselves.)

Reflexive Pronoun Forms Singular Plural 1st person me (to, for, from, or off myself) nos (to, for, from, or off ourselves) 2nd person te (to, for, from, or off yourself) os (to, for, from, or off yourselves) se (to, for, from, or off himself, herself, itself, se (to, for, from, or off themselves, 3rd person yourself) yourselves) Reflexive pronouns are placed immediately before simple conjugated verbs and negative commands. acostarse - Ellas se acuestan. (They go to bed.) escribirse - No se escriba notas. (Dont write notes to yourself.)

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Vocab List 1 (click here for flashcards)

lastimarse = to injure; to hurt caerse = to fall down caer = to fall; to bring down estornudar = to sneeze toser = to cough daar = to damage; to break down recetar = to prescribe embarazada = pregnant (a false cognate!) mareado/a = dizzy; nauseated; seasick; carsick sano/a = healthy grave = serious; grave saludable = healthy la pastilla = pill; tablet fiebre = fever la gripe = flu el dolor (de cabeza) = ache (headache) el resfriado = cold (the illness) el sintoma = symptom la tos = cough la receta = prescription el consultorio = doctors office la radiografa = X-ray la espalda = back el codo = elbow el tobillo = ankle la garganta = throat

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Vocab List 2 (Click here for flashcards)


Note: This list was on a textbook page, so I had to copy-type it. Therefore, this may have a few minor errors. I did my best to make sure it was correct. La calculadora = calculator La cmera digital (de video) = digital (video) camera El canal = (TV) channel La contestadora = answering machine El estreo = stereo El fax = fax (machine) La televisin por cable = cable television El tocadiscos compacto = compact disc player El video(casete) = video(cassette) El archivo = file Arroba = @ symbol La direccin electrnica = email address Internet = Internet El mensaje de texto = text message La pgina principal = home page El programa de computacin = software La red = network; Web El sitio web = website Apagar = to turn off Borrar = to erase Descargar = to download Funcionar = to work Grabar = to record Guardar = to save Imprimir = to print Llamar = to call Navegar (en Internet) = to surf (the Internet) Poner, prender = to turn on Quemar = to burn (a CD) Sonar (oue) = to ring Descompuesto/a = not working; out of order Lento/a = slow Lleno/a = full Computadora = computer

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Vocab List 3 (click here for flashcards)

la sugerencia la estrategia la araa el tiro con arco la flecha el arco el objetivo el desafio el cachorro la cerca la cereza la lluvia el techo cerca acercar sugerir (e ie) desafiar cazar agarrar rer (e) rerse (de)

suggestion strategy spider archery arrow bow target; objective challenge puppy fence cherry rain roof near, close to approach (to get near) to suggest to challenge to hunt to catch, to grab to laugh to laugh (at)

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Vocab List 4 (click here for flashcards)

detalle - detail juez - judge tamao o talla - size bolsa - bag calabaza - pumpkin la mueca - doll la bruja - witch la probeta - test tube la gente - people la salida - exit juzgar - to judge adivinar - to guess extraer - to extract quedar - to be situated/located; to be left; to remain quedarse - to stay; to be...big, small, tight, long (a clothing fit) probar (oue) - to prove; to taste; to try on; to test evitar - to avoid justo/a - fair embrujado - haunted

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Thanksgiving Vocab (click here for flashcards)

Note: This is not going to be on the written final, in the sense that you dont have to have these words memorized, but they could be very helpful for studying for the oral exam if you are in a group that discusses Thanksgiving.

agradecido (por) thankful (for) el arndano rojo cranberry el budn, el pudn pudding la cazuela casserole la cena dinner comer to eat la cucurbitcea o la calabaza squash (the same Spanish terms also are used for other related plants) el Da de Accin de Gracias Thanksgiving la familia family el ftbol americano football (not soccer) la festividad de la cosecha harvest festival glugl glugl gobble gobble (turkey sound) las gracias thanks el indio, la india, el/la indgena americano/a American Indian, native American el maz corn la mazorca de maz corn on the cob el noviembre November el ame, la batata, el boniato yam el otoo autumn, fall el pavo turkey el panecillo dinner roll los parientes relatives el pastel (o la tarta) de calabaza pumpkin pie el peregrino pilgrim el pur de patatas mashed potatoes el relleno stuffing, turkey dressing la salsa para carne gravy las sobras, los restos leftovers las verduras vegetables

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Poema XX

By Pablo Neruda
Note: These are the same as on the sheet we were given. It would probably serve you well to know the lines you spoke in the video. Puedo escribir los versos ms tristes esta noche. Escribir, por ejemplo : 'La noche est estrellada, y tiritan, azules, los astros, a lo lejos'. El viento de la noche gira en el cielo y canta. Puedo escribir los versos ms tristes esta noche. Yo la quise, y a veces ella tambin me quiso. En las noches como sta la tuve entre mis brazos. La bes tantas veces bajo el cielo infinito. Ella me quiso, a veces yo tambin la quera. Cmo no haber amado sus grandes ojos fijos. Puedo escribir los versos ms tristes esta noche. Pensar que no la tengo. Sentir que la he perdido. Oir la noche inmensa, ms inmensa sin ella. Y el verso cae al alma como al pasto el roco. Qu importa que mi amor no pudiera guardarla. La noche est estrellada y ella no est conmigo. Eso es todo. A lo lejos alguien canta. A lo lejos. Mi alma no se contenta con haberla perdido. Como para acercarla mi mirada la busca. Mi corazn la busca, y ella no est conmigo. La misma noche que hace blanquear los mismos arboles. Nosotros, los de entonces, ya no somos los mismos. Ya no la quiero, es cierto, pero cunto la quise. Mi voz buscaba el viento para tocar su odo. De otro. Ser de otro. Como antes de mis besos. Su voz, su cuerpo claro. Sus ojos infinitos. Ya no la quiero, es cierto, pero tal vez la quiero. Es tan corto el amor, y es tan largo el olvido. Porque en noches como sta la tuve entre mis brazos, mi alma no se contenta con haberla perdido. Aunque sta sea el ltimo dolor que ella me causa, y stos sean los ltimos versos que yo le escribo.

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Danza Kuduro Chorus Lyrics

Note: These were retrieved online, and I did my best to find a correct version, but they may be small errors. Take this with a grain of salt. Las manos arriba Cintura sola Da media vuelta Danza kuduro No te canses ahora Que esto solo empieza Mueve la cabeza Danza kuduro

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Journal Entries You Should Have

Note: These should have already been completed and checked, but if you have lost any or want to make sure that you have them all these are the ones you should have. I did my best to find each one, I went through every day of the blog, but if I missed any I am sorry, but I did my best. 1. Write a paragraph in your journal of at least five sentences that describes what you will accomplish next week. Practice using the future tense in your paragraph. 2. First, go to this website of Mexican newspapers. Choose one to peruse. Find an article that interests you and that you believe you can read with some measure of success. PRINT OUT THE ARTICLE and glue it into your Spanish journal. After reading the article, write two paragraphs in Spanish about it --the first saying in your own words what it was about and the second expressing your thoughts on the subject. 3. Answer the following three questions in Spanish in your Spanish journal. Use complete sentences and at least two sentences for each response. 1) Cuando Neruda escribe "A lo lejos alguien canta. A lo lejos" que importancia tiene este verso o linea? 2) Si "el verso cae al alma como al pasto el rocio" como llega la idea del poema al escritor--es facil o dificil, lento o rapido? Porque usa este simil (simile)? 3) Va a escribir mas versos para su amor o van a ser los ultimos? Por que piensas asi? 4. Tonight you should write a paragraph of at least 5 sentences about Halloween. You can describe your best costume or your worst costume (FYI, la palabra costumbre means custom not costume in Spanish), your favorite Halloween or your most memorable Halloween. 5. You are going to write a paragraph of at least 5 sentences in your Spanish journal tonight. Respond to either Prompt A or Prompt B: A) Qu piensas de los resultados de las elecciones? Escoge una cuestin en particular para explorar en tu entrada. Qu vamos a ver como consequencias? Pick one of the issues voted on in yesterday's elections and write your thoughts about the results and what consequences you think we're going to see. o B) Dado la leccin de hoy, describe tus nuevos pensamientos y conocimiento acerca de Puerto Rico y su posicin poltica. Given today's lesson, describe your new thoughts and knowledge about Puerto Rico and its political position. 6. Write an entry of 5 or more complete sentences in your Spanish journals regarding your thoughts about our time with Danessa today--what interested you, surprised you, concerned you, anything about today's subject matter, be it the Maya, education, femicide, or Semana Santa. 7. Escriben una entrada sobre su Da de Accin de Gracias o el fin de semana largo en su diario. 5 frases completas, por lo menos. (At least 5 complete sentences.)

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