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MODELLING, CONTROL AND SIMULATION OF POWER CONVERTERS

EXERCISE 4

Non-Linear control design of Single-phase active power filters Sliding Mode Control of a Single-phase active power filter

Rubn Calduch Practices MCSPC Luis Garca de Vicua Autumn 2012 ETSETB

Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters INDEX

Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 Example 1 ..................................................................................................................... 3 Example 2 ..................................................................................................................... 5 Example 3 ..................................................................................................................... 7 Example 4 ..................................................................................................................... 9 Example 5 ................................................................................................................... 11

Theme 4 Non Linear Control Design of single-phase active power single

Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters

Introduction
In this exercise will be different simulations for a single-phase active filter. The function of this filter is that the input has a sinusoidal current wih frequency and phase equal to input voltage. Many of the charges that are normally connected to the network have nonlinear behavior, which is penalized. The switching method for 1 to 3 exercise is bipolar and for the two last exercises were chosen unipolar.

Example 1
Example 1 is always the easiest to understand the circuit operation. To simulate what the cricuito with the constant k factor in the equation of the sliding surface. For this example we have chosen as a source of tension load on the active filter. The value of L=3mH and C=500uF. The equation of the sliding surface is: S K VS iS

Fig.1 Scheme of boost converter with only voltage variable of regualtion.

The factor k we calculated that the average power delivered to the load is the same as the power delivered by the source of the input AC voltage. The Pout is 1000W.

Pin Pload Pfilter


V p2 2 Pload

2 Pout V
2 p

21000 0,0189 325 2

Exercise 4 Sliding Mode Control of a single-phase active power filter

Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters We can be seen on the left as the sinusoidal input current is equal to the voltage phase. To the right is shown in the current input yellow, purple the charge current produced by a full bridge comprising a diode, a capacitor and a load resistor. Finally blue filter current, as this can onservar current is needed at each moment so that the current is sinusoidal at all times.

Fig.2 Results of simulation. In the top, current and voltage input. On the bottom Input, load and filter current.

With the value of inductor we can change ripple of input current. If we change the value 3mH for 0.3mH we obten a sinusoidal with lot of ripple.

Fig.3 Results of simulation. The input current with L=0.3mH.

Theme 4 Non Linear Control Design of single-phase active power single

Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters

Example 2
In the following example we change the value of k instead of constant change it to a value that is proportional to the mean value of the power. For this purpose we multiply the current and voltage. For the mean value of the power we have different options 2 lowpass filters with different values for the cutoff frequency and a notch-filter.

Fig.4 Scheme of boost converter with only current inductor variable of regualtion.

Fig.5 Scheme of boost converter with only current inductor variable of regualtion.

Exercise 4 Sliding Mode Control of a single-phase active power filter

Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters In the following simulations we can see how to load changes modifcar our converter is able to adapt the value of k and the value of the average power in the load and maintain a suitable sine acorrinte to the system input.

Fig.6 Results of simulation. In the left current and voltage input. In the right input, load and filter current.

Below we show the load change and as the factor k varies to match the value of the delivered power. Of the various options to get the value of K can be seen as having better and better dynamic response rizdo attenuation of the signal is the notch-filter.

Fig.7 Results of simulation. In the left the change of load. In the right the resposne of diferents filters.

Finally we show how the bipolar switching sliding-mode causes the switching of + Vx - Vx generate an average current value right at all times to provide a sine value in the system input.

Fig.8 Results of simulation. In the top graph voltage in full-bridge filter, and que current value on the bottom.

Theme 4 Non Linear Control Design of single-phase active power single

Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters

Example 3
For this example changes the active filter loading (in this case a ideal constant voltage source) for a condensator. Our active filter must provide an average power equal to zero since all component elements are reactive. Therefore our factor k depends on not only the power but also the voltage at the active filter capacitor. The expresion of K is: K K i Vref Vo dt K p Vref Vo In the actual implementation for the system to reach stability before we removed the vref term of the second added term.

Fig.9 Scheme of active-filter single ter with output power and voltage capacitor control.

With this new control can be seen as maintaining the sinusoidal input current and the voltage across the capacitor at a constant desired value.

Fig.10 Results of simulation. The voltaga and current of the input source.

Exercise 4 Sliding Mode Control of a single-phase active power filter

Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters

Fig.11 Results of simulation. The current of Is/IF ans Il.

We can see that the voltage across de capacitor of active power filter achive de voltage reference 550V, the system its very slow.

Fig.12 Results of simulation. The voltage acroos de capacitor.

Theme 4 Non Linear Control Design of single-phase active power single

Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters

Example 4
In this example we performed an active filter with which we unipolar switching reduces switching losses in the transistors but it causes a distortion in the current zero crossing due to the change of a transistor to another polarity change the input voltage.

Fig.13 Scheme of boost converter with voltage and current inductor variables of regualtion.

In the last example we performed an active filter with which we unipolar switching reduces switching losses in the transistors but it causes a distortion in the current zero crossing due to the change of a transistor to another polarity change the input voltage.

Fig.14 Results of simulation. In the leftt the voltage and current input. In the right a zoom.

Exercise 4 Sliding Mode Control of a single-phase active power filter

Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters We also see the zero crossing of the sum of the currents.

Fig.15 Results of simulation. In the leftt the input, load and filter currnet. In the right a zoom.

In the following simulations we can observe as with unipolar switching system dynamics can also follow changes in load.

Fig.16 Results of simulation. In the leftt the changes in the load. In the right the value of K.

Here we see the unipolar switching our active filter. On the left a full half cycle and to the right to see an enlargement as the commutations cause an average value in the current that generates a sinusoidal input current

Fig.17 Results of simulation. In the top graph voltage and current load and currnet inductor below.

Theme 4 Non Linear Control Design of single-phase active power single

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Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters

Example 5
In the last example the solution has been presented which is implemented for a unipolar switching, which is regulating factor k voltage capacitoron the he active power filter. Therefore our factor k depends on not only the power but also the voltage at the active filter capacitor. As in example 3 the K control expression is the same has been removed and also the second term of Vref.

Fig.18 Scheme of active-filter single ter with output power and voltage capacitor control.

With this new control can be seen as maintaining the sinusoidal input current and the voltage across the capacitor at a constant desired value.

Fig.10 Results of simulation. The voltage and current of input source.

Exercise 4 Sliding Mode Control of a single-phase active power filter

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Modelling, Control and Simulation of Power Converters

Fig.11 Results of simulation. The current of Is/Il and Is.

We can see that the voltage across de capacitor of active power filter achive de voltage reference 550V, the system its very slow. And wu can se the unipolar switching result in the full bridge.

Fig.12 Results of simulation. The voltage acroos de capacitor and full-brige voltage.

Theme 4 Non Linear Control Design of single-phase active power single

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