This part of the book will let you know about the Oil Refineries, National Parks and

Sanctuaries and Mobile Service Providers in India

KEY TO SUCCESS PART 7

NATIONAL PARKS, REFINERIES AND MOBILE COMPANIES
Vipin K. Bansal

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................................. 2 Preface .................................................................................................................................................... 3 National Parks and Sanctuaries .............................................................................................................. 4 Tiger Reserves in India ............................................................................................................................ 1 Oil Refineries ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Kind of Products .................................................................................................................................. 1 Gasoline .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Bitumen or Asphalt ......................................................................................................................... 1 Ethane ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Diesel............................................................................................................................................... 1 Kerosene ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Jet Fuel ............................................................................................................................................ 1 LPG .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Lubricants ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Naphtha .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Paraffin Waxes ................................................................................................................................ 1 Petroleum Coke............................................................................................................................... 1 White Spirit ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Other Oil Products .......................................................................................................................... 1 Major Refineries...................................................................................................................................... 1 Refineries in India ............................................................................................................................... 0 Plastic and its usage ................................................................................................................................ 1 Mobile Phones ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Mobile Services Providers in India ...................................................................................................... 1 Questions based on the above ............................................................................................................... 2 Scoring System ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Answers ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Thank You! .......................................................................................................................................... 2

Acknowledgement

When a book like this comes into existence, it was very hard to name and thank all the people that helped me shape this book. It took me more than six years to consolidate and format all the content in a manner that may benefit the readers.

However, I always thank my wife and my two sons for continued help and to design this book. I also express my sincere gratitude to my father who is my best teacher also for his continued encouragement and invaluable support.

Preface I started writing this book on various subjects so that it can offer the basic guidance to the people preparing for any type of competition in their life whether it is on educational field or any game like Kaun Banega Crorepati. Everyone can get benefitted with this set of books. The Key to Success has been written for the people trying to prepare for such type of games. The scope of this book is not to deep dive on any subject rather swim across various layers which is what one need to qualify for winning large sum on Hot Seat. I hope everyone will be benefitted with this book. This book cannot be used to gain exhaustive knowledge on any given subject but it provides enough information that you can easily remember and be better prepared for the game. At the end of the book, a multi-choice questionnaire is given that has only one correct answer. Try to attempt those questions on your own and then check the correct answers from the Answer sheet.

Thank You !!!

National Parks and Sanctuaries

Our earth is full of natural beauty in form of Plants, Birds and Animals. They are spread all over the world. Since we are responsible for care and safety of these natural gifts, some steps have been taken in which one step is to make National Parks and Sanctuaries. These are actually a large piece of land which is a unique atmosphere for the animals. The government has decided to reserve the area to save from urbanization. People of different countries like to visit these parks to enjoy the beauty of nature. Today more than 6000 National Parks are set up all over the world. In India, as on today there are more than 100 National Parks and approximately 500 Sanctuaries are located in different parts of the country and are protected areas. The first park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park which is now known as Jim Corbett National Park. Few of major National Parks are listed below.

State of India Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Uttrakhand Chhatisgarh Andhra Pradesh Asom Bihar Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Kerala Sikkim Paschim Banga Jharkhand Andaman & Nicobar

Name of Park Ranthambore Keola Dev Sariska Kanha Bandhavgarh Dudhwa Corbett Rajaji Park Indrawati Sri Venkateshwar Kaziranga Valmiki Gir Park Kalesar Bannerghatta Bandipur Nagarhole Periyar Kanchenjanga Sunderban Betla Campbell

Area (sq.kms.) 400 30 875 950 450 500 1350 800 1250 350 500 350 250 100 100 875 650 350 1800 1350 230 425

Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir

Great Himalayan Hemis

750 4000

Tiger Reserves in India

Tiger Reserves in India, administered by National Tiger Conservation Authority which is a government body have 42 Tiger Reserves in India. An area of about 50000 sq.kms. is reserved for them. The largest Reserve is Nagarjun Sagar Tiger Reserve in Andhra Pradesh having total area of about 3500 sq.kms. Other major Tiger reserves are Sunderban in West Bengal, Kanha in Madhya Pradesh, Dudhwa in Uttar Pradesh, Corbett in Uttrakhand and Ranthambore in Rajasthan. As per report submitted by the Conservation Authority, there were 1411 Tigers in the year 2008 which has increased to 1706 in 2010.

Oil Refineries
An oil refinery is an Industrial Plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products. These products are useful materials for the growth of country. According to its demand and composition, it can produce different types of petroleum products. Major consumption of its products are used as Energy carriers. Other than energy products, refinery also produces few chemicals which are used to produce plastics etc.

Kind of Products

il products comprise of Gas, Ethane, LPG (liquefied Petroleum Gas), Gasoline for Aviation and transportation, Jet fuel, Kerosene, Diesel, Naphtha, White Spirit, Lubricants, Bitumen, Paraffin Wax, Petroleum Coke. Gasoline Aviation gasoline is prepared for Jet engines, with freezing point of -60C.

Bitumen or Asphalt Bitumen is a solid or viscous hydrocarbon material which is Brown or Black in color. It is obtained by vacuum distillation of Crude Oil. It is mainly used for labeling of roads, Airport Runway and for Roofing purpose. Ethane Ethane is a naturally gaseous hydro carbon which is a colorless paraffin gas.

Diesel Diesel oil includes heavy gas oils. It is distilled between 180C and 380C. Several grades are available which is used in Car, Trucks and other industrial machineries. Kerosene Kerosene is a medium type oil distilled between 150-300 C. It is also used for Aircraft transport with Jet fuel. Jet Fuel Gasoline type jet fuel includes all light hydrocarbon oils for use in aviation turbine power units. It is obtained by blending Kerosone and Naphthas between 100C - 250C. Its vapor pressure maintained between 13.7-20.6 kPa. LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gases are the light hydrocarbon namely as Propane or Butane. LPG is normally liquefied under pressure for transportation and storage. It is mainly used in houses for cooking purposes. Lubricants Lubricants are hydrocarbons which is mainly used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces. Naphtha Naphtha is used for the petrochemical industry and for gasoline production. It distills between 30C and 210C. Paraffin Waxes Paraffin Waxes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. These are extracted when

dewaxing lubricant oils and they have a crystalline structure. It is a Colorless, odorless and translucent, with a melting point above 45C. Question banao Petroleum Coke Petroleum coke is a black solid residue which is obtained during refinery process. It consists mainly 90-95% of carbon. It is used in metallurgical process in Steel Industries and for production of chemicals. The good qualities of Coke are Green Coke and Calcinated Coke. The Catalyst Coke is deposited on the catalyst during refining processes and is not recoverable and is burned as refinery fuel.

White Spirit White spirit is refined with distillation in Naphtha. In other words, it is called SBP which is a light oil of narrower cut. It has 7 to 8 grades depending on the position of the cut in the distillation range. Other Oil Products Other oil products are Tar, Sulphur, Grease etc.

Major Refineries

he world largest oil Refineries are at United States of America. Their capacity is about 9 million barrels per day. The other countries are Saudi Arabia about 8.5 million barrels per day; Russia about 7.6 million barrels per day; Iran and China about 3.5 million per day, Canada and United Kingdom about 3.0 million barrels per day; United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Iraq estimated 2.5 million per day. Jamnagar Refinery of Reliance

Industries Limited is Indias largest Refinery having capacity of over 1.25 million barrel per day. Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum, Hindustan Petroleum, Caltex, Falcon, Petronas, Fushun, Cosmo, Nippon, Total are renowned names of Oil companies of the world. Byco Petroleum is the Oil Refinery of Pakistan. Major Refineries of United States are Chevron, Citgo, Esso, Exxon, Marathon, Paramount, Pennzoil, Valero and Shell.

Refineries in India
Three major Oil companies of India are Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) and Hindustan Petro Chemical Limited (HPCL). More than 20 Refineries are Oil Company Name of Refinery Mathura Refinery Barauni Refinery Bongaigaon Refinery Digboi Refinery Indian Oil Corporation Gujarat Refinery Guwahati Refinery Haldia Refinery Manali Refinery (CPCL) Nagapattinam Bharat Petroleum Corp. Ltd. Kochi Refinery Mumbai Refinery (Burma Shell) operative under these companies. Other than this, Reliance Industries Ltd. has its own Refinery which is worlds largest private Refinery.

Location Mathura (U.P.) Barauni (Bihar) Bongaigaon (Asom) Digboi (Asom) Vadodara (Gujarat) Guwahati (Asom) Haldia (W.B.) Manali (T.N.) Naganam (T.N.) Kochi (Kerala) Mumbai (M.S.)

Year 1982 1964 1979 1901 1965 1962 1975 1965 1993 1966 1977

Production 156000 BPD 116000 BPD 48000 BPD 13000 BPD 170000 BPD 20000 BPD 116000 BPD 185000 BPD 20000 BPD 146000 BPD 135000 BPD

Numaligarh Refinery Mumbai Refinery (ESSO) Vizag Refinery (CALTEX) Bathinda Refinery (GGSR) Mangalore Refinery Reliance Industries Ltd. Oil & Natural Gas Corpn. Essar Jamnagar Refinery Tatipaka Refinery Essar Refinery

Hindustan Petro Chemical Ltd.

Golaghat (Asom) Mumbai (M.S.) Vizag (A.P.) Bathinda (Punjab) Mangalore (T.N.) Jamnagar (Gujarat) Tatipaka (A.P.) Vadinar (Gujarat)

2001 1954/ 1974 1957 / 1978 2012 1998 1999 2001 2006

15000 BPD 100000 BPD 150000 BPD 180000 BPD 190000 BPD 660000 BPD 1600 BPD 300000 BPD

It is to be noted that One Barrel is equal to approximately 159 Litres for Petroleum products.
Plastic and its usage
A plastic means capable of being molded. It is a synthetic organic solid. Mainly it is used in films, fibers, tubes, bottles, boxes etc. Thermo Plastics and Thermo Polymers are two types of Plastics are there. Thermoplastics do not undergo chemical changes in their composition when heated. It can be molded again and again. Thermo settings Polymers once melt, it take a shape and stay solid. The raw material is taken from Petroleum and Natural Gas. Plastic can be classified by their chemical structures e.g. Acrylic, Polyesters, Silicon, etc. It can also be classified by its physical properties such as density, tensile strength, resistance etc. The following are the kinds of plastic and their uses.

Kind of Plastic Poly Propylene Poly Styrene High Impact Poly Styrene Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

Abreviation PP PS HIPS ABS

Uses in Food Containers, Appliances, Car Bumpers, Pressure Pipes etc. Packaging Foam, Disposable crockery and cutlery, CD and Cassette boxes, Jelly etc. Fridge Liners, Vending Cups etc. Computer Monitors, Printers, Key Boards, Drainage Pipes and other electronics

Popy Ethylene Terephthalate Polyester Poly amides Poly Vinyl Chloride Poly Urethanes Poly Carbonate Post Consumer Resin

PET PES PA PVC PU PC PCR

Cold drink bottles, Household Jars, Window Films etc. Making Fibre Textiles Nylon Fibres, Tooth brush, Car engine moldings etc. Plumbing Pipes, Shower Curtains, Window Frames, Flooring etc. Cushion Foams, Car materials etc. Eye glasses, traffic Lights, Lenses etc. Milk Bottles, Water Containers, Toys, Plastic Bags

Mobile Phones

nce there was a time when telephone was a status symbol and total consumers were below one lac during British period. Use of telephone increased day by day and it reached to five million in 1991 and presently this figure crossed one billion. On a later stage mobile phones were also launched in India during 1990s and first company was Nokia. The First Mobile service provider company was Modi Group in 1995 and started in Kolkata. Mobile phones launched and people liked its uses. Today about 1 Billion subscribers uses mobile phones in India and is still continuing to enhance. This figure is almost 70% of total population of India. India has the worlds second largest mobile phone users. The tariff is also lowest comparative to other parts of the world. Mobile Service provider companies in India are Bharat Sanchar Nigam

Limited (BSNL), Airtel (Bharti Enterprises), Reliance Communications (Anil Ambani), Vodafone (Essar and Vodafone), Idea Cellular (Aditya Birla), Tata DoCoMo and Tata Virgin (Tata), Aircel (Apollo Hospital) and Uninor (Unitech) etc. Consumption rate of few countries is much higher than that of its populations. They are Hong Kong (190%), Saudi Arabia (170%), Russia and Italy (150%), Singapore (140%), Germany (130%), United Kingdom (125%) and United States of America, Brazil and Thailand (105%). Similarly use of mobile phones in some countries is much lesser than its population. These countries are Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan where rate of use is 48, 53 and 65 percent respectively. The least users are in North Korea i.e. just 5% of total population.

Mobile Services Providers in India

Network Airtel Idea Reliance Communication Vodafone B.S.N.L. Tata DoCoMo Aircel Uninor M.T.S. Videocon M.T.N.L. Loop Mobile Ping Mobile Ownership Bharti Enterprises Aditya Birla Reliance ADAG Vodafone (India) State Govt. Tata Tele Apollo Hospital Unitech Shyam Group Videocon State Govt. Essar Infotel Users (Millions) 190 117 155 155 100 90 65 42 15 5 5 3 1

Questions based on the above

1-G. better (a) (b) (c) (d) Former Hailey National Park is known as? Keola Deo National Park Dudhwa National Park Jim Corbett National Park Sariska National Park (c) 7-A. credit (a) (c) Germany (d) United States

Which States of India has the to launch first Mobile services? New Delhi (b) Mumbai Kolkata (d) Bangalore

2-L. What is the capacity of one Barrel for Petroleum Products? (a) 101 Litres (b) 149 Litres (c) 159 Litres (d) 141 Litres 3-S. Which kind of Plastic is used for making Eye Glasses? (a) Poly Carbonate (b) Poly Propylene (c) Poly Styrene (d) Poly Vinyl 4-A. What is the total strength of Tigers as on 2010 report of the Tiger Conservation Authority? (a) 1411 (b) 1515 (c) 1706 (d) 2415 5-L. By which group of India, the mobile services were launched first time in India? (a) Birla Group (b) Modi Group (c) B.S.N.L. (d) Tata Tele. 6-E. Which country has the maximum percentage of consumers of mobile phones comparative to its population? (a) Hong Kong (b) India

8-N. Where is located Chitwan National Park? (a) Burma (b) Nepal (c) Malaysia (d) India 9-O. Which of these is First National Park of India? (a) Dudhwa (b) Kaziranga (c) Gir (d) Corbett 10-D. (a) (b) (c) (d) What is Tear Gas? Bromo Acetone
Chloro Benzyl Idenemalono Nitrile

Benzyl Bromide Bromo Benzyl Cyanide

11-B. Which gas smells near uncleaned Public toilets? (a) Ammonia (b) Carbon Dioxide (c) Chlorine (d) Sulphur Dioxide 12-D. Which element is found most abundantly in crust of the Earth? (a) Silicon (b) Aluminium (c) Oxygen (d) Iron

Scoring System
The questions are divided into ten slabs of rating, as usual which has a numeral value. These letters are A, B, D, E, G, H, L, N, O and S.

Answers

Q. Ans. 1c 4c 7c 10 b

Q. Ans. 2c 5b 8b 11 a

Q. Ans. 3-a 6-a 9-d 12 - c

Bibliography

When I compiled this chapter, I took help of some websites related to it. The following quotes and references were visited.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oil_refineries

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_network_operators_of_India CD of Manorama Guide upto the years 2011.

Thank You!
Hope you enjoyed to read the book The Key to Success From Part I to Part 6 on different topics

Now in this part of book you will find knowledge regarding National Parks and Sanctuaries, Oil Refineries and Mobile Network Operators etc.

I tried to give you as much information as possible regarding the above subject keeping in view that there is too much to write on this topic but I tried my best to provide only the most relevant information.

Again I will request you all to share it with your friends too. You may buy the complete book with all the issues together at a discounted rate as well from various online services released separately.