Cefic FF Rapport 2011 ChemicalVolumeOverview

Facts and Figures 2011 The European chemical industry in a worldwide perspective
Facts and Figures 2011

Table of contents
1. Chemicals Industry Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 World chemicals sales: geographic breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 World chemicals sales by region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Chemicals sales by country: top 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 EU chemicals industry sales by geographic breakdown . . . . . . . . . . 6 World exports and imports of chemicals by regional shares . . . . . . 7 EU chemicals industry sales by sectoral breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 EU chemicals industry sales: structure by destination . . . . . . . . . . . 9 EU chemicals industry sales structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Contribution of the chemicals industry to the EU economy . . . . . . 11 Added value in the EU manufacturing sector (2007) . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2. International Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Extra-EU chemicals trade balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Extra-EU chemicals trade by region (exports & imports) . . . . . . . . 14 Extra-EU chemicals trade flows with major geographic blocs in billion (2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 EU chemicals trade surplus: sectoral breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 EU chemicals trade competitive analysis broken down by region . 17 Extra-EU chemicals trade flows detailed analysis by sector . . . . . . 18 Extra-EU chemicals trade flows detailed analysis by country . . . . . 19
3. Growth and Competitiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Production, trade and consumption growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chemicals growth performance against total manufacturing . . . . 21 EU chemicals production growth by sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 International comparison of production growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 International comparison of production growth (continued) . . . . 24 EU manufacturing industry: gross operating surplus rate (2007) . 25 4. Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 EU manufacturing industry: breakdown of employment (2007) . . 26 Employment in the chemicals industry: European Union versus United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 EU manufacturing industry: breakdown of labour cost per employee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 EU labour cost per employee: chemicals versus manufacturing . . 29 Labour cost per employee in the EU chemicals industry . . . . . . . . 30 Labour productivity in EU chemicals and other manufacturing sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 EU labour productivity: chemicals versus total manufacturing . . . 32 Labour productivity in the EU chemicals industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5. Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Fuel and power consumption in the EU chemicals industry . . . . . 34 Gas and oil consumption in the EU chemicals industry during the past 20 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Energy intensity in the EU chemicals industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Energy intensity: European Union versus United States . . . . . . . . . 37
6. Investment and R&D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Investment in the EU manufacturing sector (2007) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Capital spending in the Western European chemicals industry . . . 39 International comparison of chemicals sector capital spending . . 40 International comparison of chemicals industry capital spending intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 International comparison of R&D spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 International comparison of R&D spending intensity . . . . . . . . . . . 43 7. Sustainable Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU chemicals industry . . . 44 Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and production in the EU chemicals industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy consumption and per unit of production in the EU chemicals industry . . . . . . . . 46 Greenhouse gas emissions per production: European Union versus United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Safety at work EU chemicals sector incidence rate of accidents (more than three days lost) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Incidence rate of accidents at work (more than three days lost) . . 49 Safety at work incidence rate of accidents at work in the EU manufacturing sector (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Contacts Dr . Moncef Hadhri Chief Economist mha@cefic .be +32 2 676 72 82
James Pieper Media Relations Manager jpi@cefic .be +32 2 676 73 98
Chemicals Industry Profile World chemicals sales: geographic breakdown
1. Chemicals Industry Profile World chemicals sales: geographic breakdown World chemicals sales by region Chemicals sales by country: top 30 EU chemicals industry sales by geographic breakdown World exports and imports of chemicals by regional shares EU chemicals industry sales by sectoral breakdown EU chemicals industry sales: structure by destination EU chemicals industry sales structure Contribution of the chemicals industry to the EU economy Added value in the EU manufacturing sector (2007) 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
Source: Cefic Chemdata International * Rest of Europe = Switzerland, Norway and other Central & Eastern Europe
Unless specified, chemicals industry excludes pharmaceuticals Unless specified, EU refers to EU-27
Asian chemicals production equals that of Europe plus America

1200 1000 Chemicals sales ( billion) 800 600 575 400 87 491 455 56 153 363
orld chemicals turnover was valued at 2353 W billion in 2010 . Data for 2010 confirms that solid recovery of the chemicals industry occurred during the year . Sales in value terms were up in 2010 by 26 .9 per cent compared with 2009, a year when the economic and financial crisis was in full swing . Emerging economies contributed largely to the worldwide recovery of the sector in 2010 . he European chemicals industry, including T the European Union and the Rest of Europe, is still in a strong position, posting sales of 578 billion in 2010, one-fourth of world chemicals sales in value terms . Worldwide competition is getting fiercer, however, witnessed by the European Union losing its top ranking in terms of sales to China for the second consecutive year . Chemicals sales in Asia are more than double that of the European Union . Taken together, Europe, Asia and North American Free Trade Area account for 92 .7 per cent of world chemicals turnover .
200 128 0 Asia China EU-27 Europe Rest of Asia Rest of Europe* NAFTA Japan Latin America 45 Rest of the World India
World chemicals sales in 2010 are valued at
2353 billion. The EU accounts for 21% of the total.
* Rest of Europe: Switzerland, Norway and other Central & Eastern Europe (excl. the new EU 12 countries) Source: Cefic Chemdata International
Chemicals Industry Profile World chemicals sales by region
1. Chemicals Industry Profile World chemicals sales: geographic breakdown World chemicals sales by region Chemicals sales by country: top 30 EU chemicals industry sales by geographic breakdown
Percentage share 35 30 25
World Sales
World Sales
Emerging economies outpace industrial countries in chemicals production

evelopments during the previous 10 years D from 2000 to 2010 indicate that the European Union was the clear leader in terms of world chemicals sales, but the region has gradually lost ground to China and Asia (excluding Japan) . he European Union contribution to world T chemicals sales declined in 2010 by 8 .3 percentage points compared with 2000 . In fact, the total value of sales in the European Union has been growing continuously, but overall world chemicals sales are growing at an even faster clip . The level of world chemicals sales in value terms increased by 63 .7 per cent in 2010 compared with 2000 .
2.7 3.7 2.3 2.0 Rest of the world
29.2
28.1 24.4 20.9 19.3 14.6 12.0
World exports and imports of chemicals by regional shares EU chemicals industry sales by sectoral breakdown EU chemicals industry sales: structure by destination EU chemicals industry sales structure Contribution of the chemicals industry to the EU economy Added value in the EU manufacturing sector (2007) 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
20 15 10
17.8
6.5 5 0 EU-27 NAFTA Japan Rest of Asia*
6.4
4.7 5.4
China
Latin America
Rest of Europe
2000: 1437 billion
2010: 2353 billion
* Asia excluding China and Japan Source: Cefic Chemdata International
Source: Cefic Chemdata International *Asia excluding China and Japan

Chemicals Industry Profile Chemicals sales by country: top 30
1. Chemicals Industry Profile World chemicals sales: geographic breakdown World chemicals sales by region Chemicals sales by country: top 30
Chemicals sales 2010 ( billion) 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 China US Japan Germany France Brazil Korea Republic 152.7 141.6 76.1 75.6 74.8 55.9 India 50.2 Italy 49.4 Taiwan 395.2 575.3
China the biggest chemicals producer in 2010

n 2010, the 30 largest chemical-producing I countries had a combined turnover of 2103 billion . welve of the top 30 major countries are Asian, T generating chemicals sales of 1026 billion . This figure represents nearly 49 per cent of the top 30 and 43 .6 per cent of the share of world chemicals sales . leven of the top 30 major countries are E European, generating chemicals sales of 506 billion . This figure represents 24 per cent of the top 30 and 21 .6 per cent of the share of world chemicals sales .
EU chemicals industry sales by geographic breakdown World exports and imports of chemicals by regional shares EU chemicals industry sales by sectoral breakdown EU chemicals industry sales: structure by destination EU chemicals industry sales structure Contribution of the chemicals industry to the EU economy Added value in the EU manufacturing sector (2007) 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
Source: Cefic Chemdata International

Chemicals Industry Profile EU chemicals industry sales by geographic breakdown
Sales 2010: 491 billion Sales 2010: e491 billion
Eight countries account for 90 per cent of EU chemicals production

Percentage shares
NL 9.5% IT 10.2%
UK 9.1%
ES 6.8%
BE 6.3%
PL 2.7%
HU PT 0.8% 0.8% DK 0.9% FI 1.1% CZ 1.2% SE 1.8% Others 3.0%
Others 11.1%
ermany remains the largest chemicals G producer in Europe, followed by France, Italy and the Netherlands . Together, these four countries generated in 2010 64 per cent of EU chemicals sales, valued at 315 billion . The share rises to 88 .9 per cent, or 437 billion, when including the United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium and Poland . he other 19 EU countries in 2010 generated T 11 .1 per cent of EU chemicals sales, valued at 54 billion, half of which was attributable to four EU countries Sweden, Austria, Czech Republic and Finland .
FR 15.5% DE 28.8%
AT 1.5%
Source: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International

Chemicals Industry Profile World exports and imports of chemicals by regional shares
World exports of chemicals* 2010 World exports of chemicals* 2010
World imports of chemicals* 2010 World imports of chemicals* 2010
The European Union is the worlds top exporter and importer of chemicals
n 2010, the key trading regions were the I European Union, Asia including China and Japan and the market comprising North American Free Trade Agreement countries . he European Union was the leading exporter T and importer of chemicals in the world, accounting for 41 per cent of global trade, defined as the total value of exports plus imports . This includes intra-EU trade, mainly for reasons of comparison with other regions, as these figures include this type of trade activity as well .
2% 5% 2% 14%
Percentage shares 5% 6% 11% 44%
4%
37%
33%
37%
Asia
NAFTA
Rest of Europe
Latin America
Africa & Oceania
EU
* Including intra EU trade Source: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International * Including intra EU trade

Chemicals Industry Profile EU chemicals industry sales by sectoral breakdown
2009: 420 billion
2009: E420 billion
2010: 491 billion
2010: E491 billion
Petrochemicals and polymers account for about half of EU chemicals sales

utput from the EU chemicals industry covers O three wide ranges of products: base chemicals, speciality chemicals and consumer chemicals .
Polymers 22.5%
Petrochemicals 23.5%
Polymers 24.0%
Petrochemicals 24.0%
Specialties 26.8%
Consumer chemicals 13.5% Basic inorganics 13.7%
Specialties 25.6%
Consumer chemicals 12.8% Basic inorganics 13.6%
ase chemicals cover petrochemicals and B derivatives and basic inorganics . They are produced in large volumes, and are sold within the chemicals industry itself or to other industries . In 2009, they represented 59 .7 per cent of total EU chemicals sales, increasing in 2010 to 61 .6 per cent . pecialty chemicals cover the auxiliaries for S industry, paints & inks, crop protection, and dyes & pigments . Specialty chemicals are produced in small volumes but nevertheless represented 25 .6 per cent of total EU chemicals sales in 2010 . onsumer chemicals are sold to final consumers, C such as soaps and detergents as well as perfumes and cosmetics . Together, they represented 12 .8 per cent of total EU chemicals sales in 2010 . omparing 2009 to 2010 on the contribution of each C sector to EU chemicals sales, data show that the polymers and petrochemicals sectors increased their contributions in 2010 compared with 2009 . This is due to polymers and petrochemicals being seriously affected by the economic crisis in 2009 and experiencing a strong recovery in 2010 . Consumer chemicals and specialty chemicals were less affected by the crisis, however, and registered a less pronounced recovery .

Chemicals Industry Profile EU chemicals industry sales: structure by destination
Intra-EU trade increased significantly due to success of EU internal market

550 500 450 400 350 billion 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 179.0 161.4 161.9 143.8 54.7 97.5 70.3 129.8 159.3 100.1 104.7 263.4 189.3 261.6 125.7 141.2
U chemicals sales were valued at 491 billion E in 2010 . Sales to EU partner countries have more than doubled during the period from 1995 to 2010 (261 .6 versus 97 .5) . he European internal market during that 15-year T period had a profoundly positive effect on the chemicals industry . Removing both trade and non-trade barriers inside the EU area has been a key driver for growth and competitiveness of the chemicals industry in the European Union . he internal market, today numbering more than T 500 million consumers, is a key competitiveness factor . With the accession of new EU member states in 2004 and 2007, the internal market has received an intra-trade boost .
127.3 88.5
Home country sales
Intra-EU export
Extra-EU export
Chemicals Industry Profile EU chemicals industry sales structure
1995: 331 billion 1995: E331billion
2010: E491 billion 2010: 491 billion
Intra-EU sales, excluding home country sales, account for more than half of total chemicals sales
U chemicals sales in 2010 were 48 per cent E higher compared to the value in 1995. Over the period 1995-2010, EU chemicals sales have increased on average by 2 .7 per cent per annum . y 2010, intra-EU sales excluding domestic B sales accounted for more than half of total chemicals sales by the sector in the European Union . hile intra-EU sales are rising, the importance W of domestic sales is decreasing, however, only accounting for 18 per cent of total EU sales .
Percentage shares Extra-EU export 29%
Extra-EU export 17% Intra-EU export 29% Home country sales 54%
Home country sales 18%
Intra-EU export 53%
wenty-nine per cent of chemicals sales are T exported outside of the EU market . European Union neighbour countries, the NAFTA trade bloc, and Asia are the three primary markets for EU chemicals exports .

10
Chemicals Industry Profile Contribution of the chemicals industry to the EU economy
Services 20.9% Public services 23.9% Financial economy 28.8%
Percentage of GDP, 2010
Percentage of GDP, 2010
The chemicals industry directly accounts for 1.1 per cent of total EU gross domestic product, down from 1.5 per cent in 1995
he chemicals industrys contribution to EU T gross domestic product, or GDP, amounts to 1 .1 per cent . This may seem small at first, but should be reassessed taking into consideration both the shrinking contribution of industry as a whole to GDP in advanced economies along with a rise in the service sector . The manufacturing sector share of GDP in the European Union declined from 23 .7 per cent in 1995 to 18 .7 per cent in 2010 . here is a wide contribution of chemicals T products that are present in all branches of the economy . For example, the chemicals industry in Germany is the most important supplier of innovative materials for manufacturing . Chemicals represent 10 per cent of the supply of input and intermediary products and they show an above average research & development content .
Chemicals
1.1%
Industry 18.7%
Rest of manufacturing
14.3%
Agriculture 1.7% Construction 6.0%
Rest of industry
3.3%

11
Chemicals Industry Profile Added value* in the EU manufacturing sector (2007)
Key sectors: Top 15
Percentage of added value in 2007
EU chemicals industry the third largest manufacturing sector in terms of added value*
11.6% 10.7%
Machinery and equipment Food products and beverages Chemicals** Metal products Motor vehicles & and (semi) trailers Publishing, printing and recorded media Basic metals Electrical machinery Other non-metallic mineral products Rubber and plastic products Optical instruments, watches and clocks Furniture; manufacturing n.e.c. Other transport equipment Radio, TV & communication equipment Pulp, paper and paper products % 0 2 4 6 8 10
dded value at factor costs is defined as the A gross income from operating activities after adjusting for operating subsidies and indirect taxes . Value adjustments, such as depreciation, are not subtracted . (Source: EU Commission, SBS database) ccording to Eurostat data, 34.5 million people A were employed in 2 .3 million enterprises in the EU-27 manufacturing sector in 2007 . Together they generated 1813 billion of added value . he chart above shows the largest three T subsectors in 2007 in terms of added value, at the NACE division level . The three top subsectors were: machinery and equipment; food and beverages; and chemicals, including pharmaceuticals . Sectors such as tobacco, leather and office machinery & computers, however, contributed to less than one per cent of the EU manufacturing added value in 2007 . here is great diversity between manufacturing T subsectors in EU member states . Some manufacturing activities have relatively low labour productivity, personnel costs per employee and investment rates, such as the manufacture of textiles, leather products, wearing apparel, compared with those with considerably higher values for the same indicators, such as chemicals .
12
14
* Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat (SBS, ebd_all) and Cefic Analysis
Sources: Eurostat (SBS, ebd_all) and Cefic Analysis * Added value at factor cost ** Including pharmaceuticals
12
International Trade
Extra-EU chemicals trade balance
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade Extra-EU chemicals trade balance Extra-EU chemicals trade by region (exports & imports) Extra-EU chemicals trade flows with major geographic blocs in billion (2010) EU chemicals trade surplus: sectoral breakdown EU chemicals trade competitive analysis broken down by region Extra-EU chemicals trade flows detailed analysis by sector Extra-EU chemicals trade flows detailed analysis by country 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
Source: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International Extra-EU balance Extra-EU exports Extra-EU imports 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 15 21 22 41 47 39
The EU chemicals trade surplus at record level in 2010

s a historically important player in the global A chemicals market, the EU chemicals industry has been, and continues to be in a position to benefit from trade opportunities . n 2010, the chemicals sector in the European I Union generated an extra-EU trade surplus of 47 billion, 4 billion more than in 2009 . he EU chemicals industry registered a solid T recovery in 2010 after the economic crisis in 2009 . The EU trade surplus with the rest of the world reached a record level in 2010 and remains a key driver for sector growth and competitiveness .
Trade Flows ( billions)

13
International Trade
Extra-EU chemicals trade by region (exports & imports)
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade Extra-EU chemicals trade balance Extra-EU chemicals trade by region (exports & imports) Extra-EU chemicals trade flows with major geographic blocs in billion (2010)
Percentage share 35 30 25 20 15 10 6.4 5 0 NAFTA Rest of Europe Asia* Japan China Africa Latin America Rest of the World 5.4 5.2 7.9 4.8 5.4 4.4 5.7 4.8 3.9 29.5 24.9 26.1 26.2 20.6
Half of all extra-EU chemicals trade now occurs with NAFTA and Rest of Europe
xtra-EU chemicals trade flow, calculated E as total exports plus imports, was mainly attributable in 2010 to Rest of Europe, with 26 .2 per cent of trade flow, followed by the North American Free Trade Agreement market (NAFTA), with 24 .9 per cent .
18.8
EU chemicals trade surplus: sectoral breakdown EU chemicals trade competitive analysis broken down by region Extra-EU chemicals trade flows detailed analysis by sector Extra-EU chemicals trade flows detailed analysis by country 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
sia, excluding Japan and China, accounts for A 20 .6 per cent of EU trade flows with non-EU countries. Taken together, the Rest of Europe, NAFTA and Asia markets contributed in 2010 to 85 .1 per cent, of total trade flows . omparing 2010 to five years prior, NAFTA and C Japan registered a decline in their contributions to total trade . The Rest of Europe, China and the Rest of Asia have increased their contributions .
2005: 181.9 billion
2010: 235.9 billion
* Asia excluding Japan and China Source: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International * Asia excluding Japan and China
14
International Trade
Extra-EU chemicals trade flows with major geographic blocs in billion (2010)
Africa NAFTA
EU chemicals trade flows in e billion (2010)
EU chemicals trade flows in

23.8 35.0
billion (2010)
20.3 28.3 Asia (excl. Japan & China)
EU chemicals sector posted in 2010 a significant trade surplus with main competing world markets
he three major geographic blocs trading with T the European Union in 2010 were: Rest of Europe, North America, and Asia (excluding China and Japan) . part from China, the European Union has A a surplus with each main trading region NAFTA, Asia, Japan, Latin America, Africa, Rest of Europe and Africa . The EU chemicals sector broadly retained its market share in terms of global chemicals sales during the last decade . he Rest of Europe market played a major T trade role in 2010 for the European Union . The EU chemicals sector had a 13 billion net trade surplus in chemicals with non-EU countries . he Trade Competitiveness Indicator (TCI) T an indicator that compares the trade balance to the total trade, namely exports plus imports of a region reveals a deteriorating competitiveness, however, of the overall EU chemicals industry since 2003 . rade data from 1998 to 2010 show that the TCI T for the EU chemicals industry went down from 25 per cent in 1988 to only 20 per cent in 2010 . This means that total chemicals imports are growing faster than total chemicals exports .
Latin America & the Caribbean
4.0 9.4
10.0 8.7
China
3.1 9.5
6.1
Trade surplus of 47 billion
6.7
Japan
Rest of Europe
24.4 37.4
2.7 6.4
Rest of the World

15
International Trade
EU chemicals trade surplus: sectoral breakdown
18000 16000 Extra-EU chemical trade balance ( millions) 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 -2000 -4000 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Polymers 2008 2010
Specialty and consumer chemicals in 2010 accounted for 70 per cent of extra-EU chemicals trade surplus
he EU chemicals trade surplus in 2010 T reached nearly 47 billion . Specialty chemicals accounted for 36 per cent of the EU chemicals trade surplus, with a value of 16 .8 billion . he consumer chemicals subsector had the T second strongest external trade performance, contributing 16 .1 billion to the EU trade surplus, followed by polymers at 8 .4 billion and petrochemicals at 7 .5 billion . Basic inorganics experienced a trade deficit of 1 .9 billion the only sector with a trade deficit since 1994 . he sectoral analysis shows specialty chemicals T and consumer chemicals performed well in 2010 . The trade surplus in these sectors increased by 23 per cent and 18 per cent respectively in 2010 compared with 2009 . Polymers registered a comparably low 10 per cent increase in terms of trade surplus in 2010 compared with 2009 . Petrochemicals in 2010 registered a decline in overall trade surplus, however, of 20 per cent .
Basic inorganics Specialties
Petrochemicals Consumer chemicals

16
International Trade
EU chemicals trade competitive analysis broken down by region
Basic Inorganics
Trade analysis: 2010 versus 2009 Trade analysis 2010 versus 2009
USA Japan Brazil Russia India China South Korea Middle East Rest of Asia Extra-EU
EU trade position is deteriorating with key countries in Asia for almost all sub-sectors
look at the EU trade balance in relation to a A number of key countries and regions shows that the EUs position is deteriorating with certain key countries in Asia for almost all sub-sectors . hina is the only country with which the C European Union currently has a trade deficit for all chemicals sub-sectors except polymers . ontinued trade development with the Middle C East indicates that this region increasingly uses its feedstock availability, namely petroleum, to develop an integrated chemicals value chain and to strengthen its position in a wider range of basic chemicals . ussia has up until now only been successful in R using its competitive advantage in raw materials for base chemicals .
Petrochemicals
Polymers
Specialty Chemicals
Consumer Chemicals
Chemicals EU has a trade deficit and its competitive position weakened EU has a trade surplus but its positive competitive position weakened EU has a trade deficit but its weak competitive position improved EU has a trade surplus and its healthy competitive position improved Source: Cefic Chemdata International (2010 vs. 2009)

17
International Trade
Extra-EU chemicals trade flows detailed analysis by sector
TCI 2010 - TCI 2009 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% Petrochemicals 36.7% 15% Trade deficit Competitive position: improved Trade surplus Competitive advantage: improved
Trade position of petrochemicals and polymers show signs of erosion

he trade position of certain important subT sectors shows signs of serious erosion . In particular, raw material and energy-intensive parts of the chemicals industry find their global competitive position at risk, namely basic organics such as petrochemicals as well as basic inorganics such as fertilizers .
Specialty Chemicals 22.5%
Basic Inorganics 12.8% Polymers 15.4% Trade deficit Competitive position: worse -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30%
Consumer Chemicals 12.6%
-15% -30%
Trade surplus Competitive advantage: reduced 40% 50% 60%
Trade Competitiveness Indicator (TCI, 2010) = (exp - imp) / (exp + imp)

18
International Trade
Extra-EU chemicals trade flows detailed analysis by country
TCI 2010 - TCI 2009 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% China 7.9% India 2.8% South Korea 2.2% Russia 5.5% USA 22.4% Trade deficit Competitive position: worse -20% -10% 0% 10% Middle East 6.5% 20% 30% 40% Trade surplus Competitive advantage: reduced 50% 60% 70% 15% Trade deficit Competitive position: improved Trade surplus Competitive advantage: Improved
Global trade competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry is at risk

nternational trade is vital for growth and I employment of the European chemicals industry . The industry has placed itself at the centre of global trade and thus depends vitally on open markets . s the most rapid growth is concentrated in A the emerging economies, favourable access to these markets is highly important .
Japan 5.4% Rest of Asia 9.1%
Brazil 2.8%
-15% -30%
Trade Competitiveness Indicator (TCI, 2010) = (exp - imp) / (exp + imp)

19
Growth and Competitiveness

Production, trade and consumption growth
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness Production, trade and consumption growth
Average growth in value (% p.a.) 6 5.3 5 4 3 2.1 2 1.1 1 0 Sales Extra-EU exports Extra-EU imports Consumption* 0.7 2.8 2.1 5.5
EU trade is a key driver of the EU chemicals industry

uring the period from 2005 to 2010, chemicals D sales and consumption registered small growth . Chemicals consumption increased by 0 .7 per cent, slightly less than the 1 .1 per cent sales increase . mport growth during the same five-year I period experienced a trend rate of 5 .5 per cent, exceeding slightly the 5 .3 per cent trend rate of export growth . n contrast to sales and consumption, trade I activity grew by significant rates during the fiveyear period from 2005 to 2010 .
Chemicals growth performance against total manufacturing EU chemicals production growth by sector International comparison of production growth International comparison of production growth (continued) EU manufacturing industry: gross operating surplus rate (2007) 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
3.5
Growth rate 2000-2005
Growth rate 2005-2010
* Consumption = total sales - exports + imports Source: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International * Consumption = total sales - exports + imports
20

Chemicals growth performance against total manufacturing
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness Production, trade and consumption growth Chemicals growth performance against total manufacturing EU chemicals production growth by sector International comparison of production growth International comparison of production growth (continued) EU manufacturing industry: gross operating surplus rate (2007) 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
Growth in volume (% p.a.) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16
Average growth rate: production (2000-2010)
Average growth rate: production (2000-2010)

9.8 7.3 5.4 3.6 0.0 -0.9 -0.6 -0.2 -1.9 -3.2 2.6 0.4 3.3 2.7 3.6 1.6 1.5 4.9 2.8 4.1
Production growth in the EU chemicals industry slightly higher than manufacturing average
n the 10-year period from 2000 to 2010, the chemicals I industry had an average growth rate of 0 .7 per cent, a rate slightly higher than the 0 .2 per cent average growth rate for total manufacturing . These low growth rates were mainly impacted by the dramatic declines in chemicals production levels during the 2009 economic downturn as compared with precrisis levels . he EU chemicals industry was profoundly affected T by the spill-over effects of the economic and financial crisis . The magnitude of the economic crisis, which started during the second half of 2008, was much more severe than expected . Many companies were certainly not anticipating such a dramatic downturn . Data covering activity through 2009 indicates that chemicals companies are experiencing strong pressure on margins due in particular to the lack of demand from customers and weak consumer spending . s expected, both chemicals and manufacturing have A been following the recovery trend in 2010 . The EU chemicals sector has enjoyed a strong 2010, posting a 9 .8 per cent growth rate compared with 2009 . The EU manufacturing sector also rebounded, recovering by 7 .3 per cent in 2010 . These figures appear spectacular and give the wrong perception that both sectors are performing well . The reality is that even with strong growth rates, production in 2010 was far below the pre-crisis level and will need an additional two years to come back to the pre-crisis level .
Average growth rate: production (2000-2010) Chemicals 0.7% Manufacturing 0.2% 2000 2001 Chemicals 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
-11,0 -14.8 2009 2010
Manufacturing

21

EU chemicals production growth by sector
Production (volume): growth rate (yoy) 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -11.0 -15 -16.1 -20 Polymers 2008 -17.3 Basic Inorganics 2009 Chemicals Petrochemicals 2010 Specialty Chemicals Consumer Chemicals -4.8 -3.2 -6.2 -5.1 -6.0 -1.7 -6.9 -9.3 -3.4 14.6 12.9 9.8 8.4 6.8
Polymers and basic inorganics registered the fastest rebounds after steep decline in 2009
olymers and basic inorganics registered P the fastest rebounds in 2010, but in all cases chemicals output remains well below pre-2008 levels . Petrochemicals production increased by 8 .4 per cent in 2010 compared with 2009 .
6.1
ther chemicals sub-sectors less affected by O the crisis namely consumer and specialty chemicals have been recovering at a more modest rate . Production rose by 6 .1 per cent in specialty chemicals and 6 .8 per cent for consumer chemicals during 2010 . rowth in EU chemicals production in 2010 G has continued more strongly than expected . However, the overall economic recovery in Europe remains fragile . he development of the EU chemicals industry T will also depend on the effectiveness of consolidation measures taken in individual EU countries . The European chemicals industry continues to face relentless global competition . Access to raw materials and energy at globally competitive prices remains a prerequisite for a successful recovery .

22

International comparison of production growth
Average growth in volume (% p.a.)
World average growth rate: chemicals* production
World average growth rate: chemicals* production

12 10 8 6 4.7 4 2.6 2 0 -2 -1.4 Asia-Pacific** 2000-2005 4.6% Latin America 2005-2010 4.1% EU27 NAFTA 2.9 1.6 2.5 10.8 9.0
Emerging economies outpace industrial countries in chemicals production

uring the period from 2005 to 2010, the EU D chemicals industry (including pharmaceuticals) showed the second most modest growth rate compared with the biggest regions in the world . The EU chemicals sector grew by 1 .6 per cent, well below the world chemicals industry average growth rate of 4 .1 per cent . uring the period from 2005-2010, the chemicals D industry (including pharmaceuticals) in the North American Free Trade Agreement Area (NAFTA) showed a negative growth rate on average . This is due to the spill-over effects of the crisis in the United States in 2008 and 2009 . he Asia-Pacific region outpaced growth in T EU and US markets, with average growth rates of 10 .8 per cent in chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, during the past five years . Asia is heavily influenced by the extraordinary performance of the Chinese chemicals sector and a booming economic climate in China, especially its industrial sector . merging economies are outpacing industrial E countries in chemicals production and have been pushing up the average growth rate of world chemicals production during the past ten years .
* Including pharmaceutical ** Asia-Pacific includes Japan, China, India, Korea, Malaysia, Philippinse, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Australia Source: ACC and Cefic Chemdata International
Sources: ACC and Cefic Chemdata International * Including pharmaceuticals ** Asia-Pacific includes Japan, China, India, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Australia
23

International comparison of production growth (continued)
North America Latin America Asia-Pacific* EU-27 180 170 160 Production index (2005=100) 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Emerging economies outpace industrial countries in chemicals production (continued)

he long-term trend for chemicals production, T including pharmaceuticals, shows that apart from the Asia-Pacific region, chemicals production registered a negative growth rate in 2008 and 2009 in all regions . bserving the growth rates of world chemicals O production since 1988, data confirms that annual chemicals production has always registered positive growth rates, except in two instances . The first period was 1990, when production declined by 0 .3 per cent compared with 1989 . The second year was 2009 when world chemicals production declined by 4 .4 per cent compared with 2008 the largest recorded decline in world chemicals production in 23 years . hemicals production recovery occurred in all C regions in 2010 . World chemicals production has increased by 9 .9 per cent in 2010 compared to 2009 . The strong recovery was led by the AsiaPacific region, where production grew in 2010 by 15 .3 per cent .
* Asia includes Japan, China, Korea, Malaysia, Philipines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Australia Source: ACC and Cefic Chemdata International
Sources: ACC and Cefic Chemdata International * Asia includes Japan, China, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Australia
24

EU manufacturing industry: gross operating surplus rate (2007)
Gross operating surplus rate in the EU manufacturing sector (2007)
Gross operating surplus rate in the EU manufacturing sector (2007)

Other non-metallic mineral products Medical, precision and optical instruments* Publishing and printing Chemicals** Fabricated metal products Wood and wood products Recycling Furniture; manufacturing n.e.c. Basic metals Machinery and equipment Rubber and plastic products Tobacco Manufacturing Wearing apparel and dressing Pulp and paper % of sales 6 7 8 9 14.5% 14.0% 13.5% 12.8% 11.7% 11.3% 10.4% 10.2% 10.0% 9.7% 9.7% 9.6% 9.5% 9.5% 9.3% 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
EU chemicals industry Gross Operating Surplus (GOS) far higher than overall manufacturing sector average
he Gross Operating Surplus, or GOS, is a proxy T of profitability . Data for 2007 confirm that the chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, contributed 13 .8 per cent to the EU manufacturing GOS in absolute figures. he chart above shows that GOS intensity T calculated as the ratio of GOS to sales in the EU chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, is the fourth highest among all EU manufacturing sectors . The chemicals sector follows non-metallic mineral products, medical & optical instruments and publishing & printing . OS intensity in the EU chemicals industry, G which includes pharmaceuticals, was 1 .34 times the level of the overall EU manufacturing sector average . The coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel subsector had a GOS of 3.8 per cent in 2007 the weakest GOS intensity in the EU manufacturing sector .
* Estimated data ** Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat and Cefic Analysis
Key sectors: Top 15
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic Analysis * Estimated data ** Including pharmaceuticals

25
Employment
EU manufacturing industry: breakdown of employment (2007)
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment EU manufacturing industry: breakdown of employment (2007) Employment in the chemicals industry: European Union versus United States EU manufacturing industry: breakdown of labour cost per employee EU labour cost per employee: chemicals versus manufacturing Labour cost per employee in the EU chemicals industry Labour productivity in EU chemicals and other manufacturing sectors EU labour productivity: chemicals versus total manufacturing Labour productivity in the EU chemicals industry 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
Employment in the EU manufacturing sector (2007)
Employment in the EU manufacturing sector (2007)

Food and beverages Metal products Machinery and equipment Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Chemicals* Publishing and printing Furniture; manufacturing n.e.c. Rubber and plastic products Electrical machinery and apparatus n.e.c. Other non-metallic mineral products Wearing apparel Wood and wood products Basic metals Medical, precision and optical instruments Textiles % 0 1 2 3 13.5% 11.8% 10.9% 6.5% 5.4% 5.3% 5.3% 5.1% 4.9% 4.6% 3.8% 3.7% 3.2% 3.1% 2.9% 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Employment in the EU chemicals industry accounts for 5.4 per cent of total manufacturing
n terms of employment, the food and beverages I category was the largest EU manufacturing sector in 2007 . About 4 .7 million people were employed in the subsector, contributing to 13 .5 per cent of total manufacturing employment . he latest available data, which covers the year T 2007, shows that the EU chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, accounted for 5 .4 per cent of the total number of employees generated by EU manufacturing . The chemicals industry generated additional indirect jobs via the value chain, which is two times higher than through direct employment . mployment is defined by Eurostat as the total E number of people who work in the observation unit, inclusive of working proprietors, partners working regularly in the unit and unpaid family workers, as well as people who work outside the unit who belong to it and are paid by it, such as sales representatives, delivery personnel, and repair and maintenance teams . It excludes manpower supplied to the unit by other enterprises, people carrying out repair and maintenance work in the enquiry unit on behalf of other enterprises, as well as those on compulsory military service (Source: European Commission, SBS database) .
* Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat and Cefic Analysis
Key sectors: Top 15
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic analysis * Including pharmaceuticals

26
Employment
Employment in the chemicals industry: European Union versus United States
Source: Eurostat, ACC and Cefic Chemdata International 1500 1400 1300 1200 Employment ('000) 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 2000 EU 2002 US 2004 2006 2008 2010 706 636 597 574 556 1440 1404 1324 1281 1244 1157
Employment in the EU chemicals industry has decreased on average by 2.2 per cent per year during the past 10 years
hemicals companies in the European Union C employ a total staff of about 1 .16 million . Employment in the EU chemicals industry has decreased by an average annual rate of 2 .2 per cent from 2000 to 2010 . mployment in the United States has expeE rienced a steeper decline for chemicals over the same period, declining 3 .3 per cent on an average annual basis . ue to the economic crisis, employment in the D EU chemicals industry fell in 2009 by 4 .6 per cent compared with 2008 . Employment decreased in 2010 by 2 .5 per cent, closely following the annual trend rate decline of 2 .2 per cent .
507
Sources: Eurostat, ACC and Cefic Chemdata International

27
Employment
EU manufacturing industry*: breakdown of labour cost per employee
Labour cost per employee in the EU manufacturing* sector (2007)
Labour cost per employee in the EU manufacturing* sector (2007)

Chemicals** Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Radio, Tv & comm. Equip. Other transport equipment Office machinery and computers Basic metals Medical, precision and optical instruments Machinery and equipment n.e.c. Pulp and paper Electrical machinery and apparatus Publishing and printing Manufacturing Other non-metallic mineral products Rubber and plastic products Fabricated metal products % 50 100% 88.4% 85.9% 82.5% 80.6% 76.3% 76.0% 74.8% 72.5% 68.7% 68.7% 64.3% 59.1% 59.1% 58.0% 60 70 80 90 100 110
Chemicals industry the highest labour cost per employee in the EU manufacturing sector
he labour force employed in the chemicals T industry is more qualified, trained and better paid than the average industrial worker . Personnel costs for the EU chemicals industry are 56 per cent higher than the average of other manufacturing sectors . he chemicals industry is the leading sector in T terms of labour cost per employee, including pharmaceuticals, followed by the sector categories automotive and other transparent equipment . his cost (salary) factor is a significant tool to T attract new and young talents to work for the EU chemicals industry. On the other hand, public perception of the chemicals industry remains relatively negative and requires a strong improvement, especially to attract young talent who will one day enter the workforce . abour costs are defined as the total remuneration, L in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee regular and temporary employees as well as home workers in return for work done by the latter during the reference period . Personnel costs also include taxes and employees social security contributions retained by the unit as well as the employers compulsory and voluntary social contributions . Personnel costs are made up of wages and salaries and employers social security costs (Source: European Commission, SBS database) .
* Data on coke and refined petroleum products is skipped ** Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat and Cefic Analysis
Key sectors: Top 15
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic analysis * Data on coke and refined petroleum products is skipped ** Including pharmaceuticals
28
Employment
EU labour cost per employee: chemicals versus manufacturing
Source: Eurostat and Cefic Analysis 145 140 135 130 Index (2000 = 100) 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 2000 Chemicals 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Manufacturing Average growth p.a. Chemicals Manufacturing 2000-2010 3.6% 3.0%
Labour cost per employee in the EU chemicals industry increased by 42 per cent during the period 2000 to 2010
he chemicals industry has a highly trained and T well educated workforce, which redistributes part of its economic profits to employees via high-wage, competitive salaries . ayroll accounts for 12.5 per cent of chemicals P production costs . abour cost per employee in the EU chemicals L industry has increased by an average of 3 .6 per cent per annum from 2000 to 2010 . In the case of EU manufacturing, labour cost per employee grew by three per cent per annum during the same period . abour cost per employee in the EU chemicals L industry was 42 per cent more expensive in 2010 compared with 10 years ago . The EU manufacturing sector labour cost per employee was 34 .9 per cent higher in 2010 compared with 2000 .
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic analysis

29
Employment
Labour cost per employee in the EU chemicals industry
Source: Eurostat and Cefic Analysis 140 130 Index (2000 = 100) 120 110 100 90 80 70 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 150 Average growth p.a. 2000-2010 Employment -2.2% Labour cost 1.3% Labour cost per employee 3.6%
Labour cost per employee increased by 3.6 per cent per annum from 2000 to 2010
abour cost per employee in the EU chemicals L industry has increased by an average of 1 .3 per cent per annum from 2000 to 2010 . Employment went down by 2 .2 per cent on average during the same period . etween 2000 and 2010, labour cost in the EU B chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, rose by 14 .3 per cent, while total employment fell respectively by 19 .8 per cent from 2000 to 2010 .
Employment
Labour cost per employee
Labour cost

30
Employment
Labour productivity in EU chemicals and other manufacturing sectors
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment EU manufacturing industry: breakdown of employment (2007) Employment in the chemicals industry: European Union versus United States
Key sectors
2007
2007
Chemicals* Basic metals Automotive Machinery and equipment n.e.c. Manufacturing Electrical machinery and apparatus n.e.c. Food products and beverages 0 20 40 41.0 60 80 100 120 53.9 50.4 48.8 66.2 77.0 100.0
Chemicals industry the leading EU manufacturing sector in terms of value-added per employee
hemicals form the leading manufacturing sector C in terms of value-added per employee in Europe, according to the latest data for the 2007 time period . he chemicals industrys value added per T employee is 98 per cent higher than the combined average of all manufacturing sectors .
EU manufacturing industry: breakdown of labour cost per employee EU labour cost per employee: chemicals versus manufacturing Labour cost per employee in the EU chemicals industry Labour productivity in EU chemicals and other manufacturing sectors EU labour productivity: chemicals versus total manufacturing Labour productivity in the EU chemicals industry 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
* Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat and Cefic Analysis
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic analysis * Including pharmaceuticals

31
Employment
EU labour productivity: chemicals versus total manufacturing
Source: Eurostat and Cefic Analysis
Labour productivity in the EU chemicals industry is far higher than manufacturing average
140 135 130
Index (2000 = 100) Average growth p.a. Chemicals Manufacturing 2000-2010 2.9% 2.2%
ue to intensifying global competition, the D EU chemicals industry has taken vigorous restructuring and cost-saving steps in order to improve its competitiveness over the last decade . s a consequence, labour productivity in the A chemicals industry has been growing at an average annual growth from 2000 to 2010 of 2 .9 per cent, faster than the 2 .2 per cent labour productivity rate in the total manufacturing sector for the same 10-year period .
125 120 115 110 105 100 95 2000

Chemicals
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Manufacturing

32
Employment
Labour productivity in the EU chemicals industry
Source: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International 130 120 Index (2000 = 100) 110 100 90 80 70 2000 2001 Production 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 140 Average growth p.a. Production Employment Productivity 2000-2010 0.7% -2.2% 2.9%
Labour productivity has increased on average by 2.9 per cent per annum from 2000 to 2010
he EU chemicals industry is a leading industry T with a highly skilled and productive workforce, notably due to high investment per employee and highly educated and trained employees . s a consequence, labour productivity in the EU A chemicals industry rose at an average annual rate of 2 .9 per cent from 2000 to 2010 .
Employment
Labour productivity

33
Energy
Fuel and power consumption in the EU chemicals industry
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy
Millions of tonnes of oil equivalent 70 69.2 65 62.0 60 55 59.2 60.3 58.3 58.2 59.4 59.0 56.4 55.5 57.4 58.0 57.7 58.8 56.0 56.4 53.6 55.8 54.4 50.4 75
EU chemicals industry fuel and power consumption has fallen by 27 per cent since 1990
he chemicals industry transforms energy and T raw materials into products required by other industrial sectors as well as by final consumers . The cost of these two inputs is a prime factor in competitiveness on world markets . n 1990, the European chemicals industry, I including pharmaceuticals, used a total of 69.2 million tonnes of oil equivalent (TOE) of fuel and power consumption . he EU chemicals industry, including T pharmaceuticals, has constantly reduced its fuel and power consumption significantly during the period 1990 to 2009 . The amount of energy consumed in 2009 was 27 per cent less than the level in 1990, according to the European Commission data . ata on feedstock are no longer available, but D we know from historical data that feedstock consistently accounted for 60 per cent of total energy products, taking all sources of energy into account . This means that most of the energy used by the chemicals industry as feedstock is stored in products and can still be reused via recycling . egarding other raw materials, the chemicals R industry also uses a wide variety of natural and processed starting materials, including metals, minerals and agricultural raw materials such as sugar, starch and fats .
Fuel and power consumption in the EU chemicals industry Gas and oil consumption in the EU chemicals industry during the past 20 years Energy intensity in the EU chemicals industry Energy intensity: European Union versus United States 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
50 45
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

34
Energy
Gas and oil consumption in the EU chemicals industry during the past 20 years
Millions of tonnes of oil equivalent 30 28 27.0 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 10.9 8 6 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Gas Oil Electricity 7.5 15.0 18.1 16.9
EU chemicals industry reduced gas consumption by 37.4 per cent from 1990 to 2009
ata on energy consumption by source D confirms that the EU chemicals industry has significantly reduced its gas consumption from 1990 to 2009 . n 2009, the European chemicals industry I (including pharmaceuticals), used as energy a total of 16 .9 million tonnes of oil equivalent (TOE) of gas consumption. This represents a sharp reduction in gas consumption of 37 .4 per cent compared to 1990 . il and electricity registered in 2009 a reduction O of consumption of 31 .4 per cent and 17 .1 per cent respectively compared with 1990 .
Fuel and power consumption in the EU chemicals industry Gas and oil consumption in the EU chemicals industry during the past 20 years Energy intensity in the EU chemicals industry Energy intensity: European Union versus United States 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development

35
Energy
Energy intensity* in the EU chemicals industry
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy Fuel and power consumption in the EU chemicals industry Gas and oil consumption in the EU chemicals industry during the past 20 years Energy intensity in the EU chemicals industry Energy intensity: European Union versus United States 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
Index (1990 = 100) 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2009 Energy intensity* Average growth rate p.a. 1990-2009 EU chemicals production 2.5% EU energy consumption -1.7% EU energy intensity* -4.1%
The EU chemicals industry has reduced energy intensity by 54 per cent since 1990
or many years, the EU chemicals industry, F including pharmaceuticals, has made strenuous efforts to improve energy efficiency, reducing its fuel and power energy consumption per unit of production . n 2009, energy intensity, or the energy I consumption per unit of production in the chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, was 54 per cent lower than in 1990 . nergy efficiency is subject to decreasing E returns: the higher the level of energy efficiency attained, the more difficult it becomes to make further improvements . During the previous 20 years from 1990 to 2009, however, the chemicals industry has succeeded in increasing continuously its output and at the same time keeping its energy input constant, and consequently lowered its energy intensity significantly by 4 .1 per cent per year on average .
Energy consumption
Chemicals production
* Energy intensity is measured by energy input per unit of chemicals production (including pharmaceuticals) Source: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International * Energy intensity is measured by energy input per unit of chemicals production (including pharmaceuticals)
36
Energy
Energy intensity: European Union versus United States
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy Fuel and power consumption in the EU chemicals industry
Index (1990 = 100) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 US chemicals industry* EU chemicals industry* Average growth rate EU Intensity US Intensity 1990-2009 -4.1% -2.1% 110
EU energy intensity in the chemicals industry is lower than in the United States
nergy intensity in the US chemicals industry E has declined over the period 1990 to 2009, but not as much as in Europe where energy intensity slowed by 2 .1 per cent per year on average . nergy consumption in the EU chemicals E industry fell in 2009 by 27 per cent compared with 1990 .
Gas and oil consumption in the EU chemicals industry during the past 20 years Energy intensity in the EU chemicals industry Energy intensity: European Union versus United States 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development
* Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat, American Chemistry Council (ACC) and Cefic Chemdata International
Sources: Eurostat, American Chemistry Council (ACC) and Cefic Chemdata International * Including pharmaceuticals
37
Investment and R&D

Investment* in the EU manufacturing sector (2007)
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D
Key sectors: Top 10

Food and beverages Chemicals** Motor vehicles Fabricated metal products Machinery and equipment Other non-metallic mineral products Basic metals Rubber and plastic products Publishing and printing Electrical machinery billion 0 5 9.6 8.7 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 17.2 15.3 13.7 20.7 23.3 28.9 26.6 37.2
EU chemicals industry the second leading manufacturing sector in terms of investment (in billion, 2007)
round 2.3 million enterprises were operating A in the EU-27 manufacturing sector in 2007, generating together 262 .4 billion of gross investment in tangible goods . ectoral data show that the largest three S subsectors in 2007, at the NACE division level, were food & beverages; chemicals, including pharmaceuticals; the category motor vehicles . Taken together, they contributed in 2007 to 35 .3 per cent of total investment . he EU chemicals industry is the second largest T contributor in the EU manufacturing sector, accounting for 28 .9 billion in investment . ross investment in tangible goods is defined G as investment in all tangible goods . Included are new and existing tangible capital goods, whether bought from third parties or produced for own use (i .e . capitalised production of tangible capital goods), having a useful life of more than one year, including non-produced tangible goods such as land . Investments in intangible and financial assets are excluded (Source: European Commission, SBS database) .
Investment in the EU manufacturing sector (2007) Capital spending in the Western European chemicals industry International comparison of chemicals sector capital spending International comparison of chemicals industry capital spending intensity International comparison of R&D spending International comparison of R&D spending intensity 7. Sustainable Development
* Gross investment in tangible goods ** Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat and Cefic Analysis
Sources: Eurostat and Cefic analysis * Gross investment in tangible goods ** Including pharmaceuticals
38
Investment and R&D

Capital spending in the Western European chemicals industry
Capital spending (US$ billion) 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20
Capital spending in the chemicals industry in Western Europe
Capital spending in the chemicals industry in Western Europe

60 54.9 7.5% 50.2 45.1 42.1 37.4 35.1 29.2 30.3 27.9 33.7 36.4 37.9 46.3 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4.8% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Capital spending intensity has fallen from 7.5 per cent in 1998 to 4.8 per cent in 2010
nvestments in innovation, including research I & development (R&D) are key elements in securing the future of the chemicals industry . They not only promote the adaptation to and the development of new technologies and innovation, but are necessary prerequisites for the continuous adjustment of corporate structures to the needs of the marketplace . t is worth noting that the currently available I figures on R&D investments give only part of the picture, as it is only the starting point on the path to successful innovation . Innovation spending in companies is increasingly included under business development . estern Europe covers the first 15 member W states of the European Union, plus Norway and Switzerland . n absolute figures, investment in Western Europe I had been declining from 1998 to 2001 . The years from 2001 to 2008 registered and followed a positive trend at a consistent pace . Investment in 2010 recovered slightly, going up by 2 .5 per cent in value terms compared with 2009 . n relative terms, the ratio of capital spending to I sales, or capital intensity, of the Western European chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, has been declining since 1998 and reached the value of 4 .8 per cent in 2010, down from 7 .5 per cent registered in 1998 .
6. Investment and R&D Investment in the EU manufacturing sector (2007) Capital spending in the Western European chemicals industry International comparison of chemicals sector capital spending International comparison of chemicals industry capital spending intensity International comparison of R&D spending International comparison of R&D spending intensity 7. Sustainable Development
Capital spending (US$ billion)
Capital spending (% turnover)
Source: American Chemistry Council (ACC) and Cefic Analysis
Sources: American Chemistry Council (ACC) and Cefic analysis

39
Investment and R&D

International comparison of chemicals sector* capital spending
Capital spending (US$ billion) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
China and the rest of Asia-Pacific attract the bulk of chemicals investment
apital spending in the chemicals industry C in Western Europe reached a modest level of US$46 .3 billion in 2010 . It represents about 10 per cent of world capital spending in value terms, or US$464 .3 billion . omparing 2010 to 2000, the contribution of C Western Europe to world chemicals spending in value terms declined dramatically by 12 .2 percentage points, from 22 .2 per cent in 2000 to about 10 per cent in 2010 . he total value of capital spending in Western T Europe has been growing continuously since 2000, but overall world chemicals capital spending has grown at an even faster clip . In value terms, world chemicals spending increased by 2 .5 times in 2010 compared with 2000 . hina and the rest of the Asia-Pacific region are C the clear leader in terms of capital spending, accounting for 72 .8 per cent of world chemicals capital spending in 2010, up from 38 .6 per cent in 2000 . China and the rest of Asia-Pacific attract the bulk of chemicals investment, considered a key factor for overall competitiveness .
Japan China and rest of Asia Pacific* Western Europe North America
Central & Eastern Europe
* Excluding Japan Source: American Chemistry Councel (ACC)
Source: American Chemistry Councel (ACC) * Excluding Japan

40
Investment and R&D

International comparison of chemicals industry* capital spending intensity
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D Investment in the EU manufacturing sector (2007) Capital spending in the Western European chemicals industry International comparison of chemicals sector capital spending International comparison of chemicals industry capital spending intensity International comparison of R&D spending International comparison of R&D spending intensity 7. Sustainable Development
Capital spending (% of sales) 25 30
Capital spending in the chemicals industry* by region
Capital spending in the chemicals industry* by region
Capital intensity in China and the rest of Asia-Pacific far higher than in rest of the world
n absolute figures, capital spending in the I world chemicals industry rose from US$131 .7 billion in 2000 to US$464 .3 billion in 2010 . Capital intensity, or the ratio of capital spending to sales, also registered a significant increase from 7 .6 per cent in 2000 to 11 .3 per cent in 2010 . apital intensity in China and the rest of AsiaC Pacific contributed greatly to positive changes on a world basis . Capital intensity in China and the rest of Asia-Pacific increased from 18 .1 per cent in 2000 to 23 .4 per cent in 2010 .
4.8% 3.9%
23.4% 20 15 18.1%
10 6.0% 5 5.6%
0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
apital intensity in China and the rest of AsiaC Pacific is far higher than in the rest of the world . Western Europe and the North America are lagging behind, registering a constant decline during the past 10 years .
Western Europe
China and other Asia Pacific**
North America
* Including pharmaceuticals ** Excluding Japan Source: American Chemistry Council (ACC)

Source: American Chemistry Councel (ACC) * Including pharmaceuticals ** Excluding Japan
41
Investment and R&D

International comparison of R&D spending
R&D spending ( billion) 12 11 10 9 8 7.6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1998 1999 EU 2000 2001 US 2002 2003 Japan 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 6.5 9.1 7.8 9.0 8.1 7.4 10.9 10.4 9.6 8.8 7.9 8.0 7.7 7.4 7.5 8.0 6.8 7.7 7.5 6.2 7.5 8.1 6.4 8.2 8.5 8.1 7.4 6.0 5.1 8.1 8.0
R&D spending in the European Union and United States higher than in Japan
ith 8 .1 billion in 2008, R&D spending in the W chemicals industry in the European Union was significant and represented about 4 .2 per cent of added value in value terms . n absolute figures, R&D spending in the I chemicals industry was valued at an average annual level of 7 .8 billion in the European Union during the period from 1998 to 2008 . In the United States, the average value of R&D spending was 8 .8 billion during the same period . The same variable amounted to 6 .7 billion in the Japanese chemicals industry for a comparable 10-year period .
5.6

42
Investment and R&D

International comparison of R&D spending intensity
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D Investment in the EU manufacturing sector (2007) Capital spending in the Western European chemicals industry International comparison of chemicals sector capital spending International comparison of chemicals industry capital spending intensity International comparison of R&D spending International comparison of R&D spending intensity 7. Sustainable Development
R&D expenditure (% of sales) 5 4.1% 4 3.6% 6 5.2%
R&D intensity in the European Union below US and Japanese levels

he high value-added products of the chemicals T industry continuously open up new fields of application, paving the way to progress and innovation in other industries . Typical examples are health, food, consumer goods, aerospace and car manufacturing, telecommunications, electrical engineering and electronics . Wide variations in research and development (R&D) efforts are observed across the chemicals industry . Turning R&D into innovation is becoming increasingly important in relation to the competitiveness of the region . nalysing the ratio of R&D spending to sales A of the chemicals industry, it can be observed that during the 18-year time period from 1991 to 2008, the R&D intensity level in the European Union has been far below that of Japan and slightly lower than in the United States . nnual EU R&D intensity was equal to two per A cent on average during the years 1991 to 2008, while the same ratio was equal to 2 .8 per cent in the United States and to 5 .1 per cent in Japan .
3 2.8% 2 1.5% 1 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 EU US Japan 2.1%

43
Sustainable Development
Total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU chemicals industry
Millions of tonnes (CO2 equivalent) 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 147 140 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 214 212 202 187 196 197 196 179 178 166 300 287 278 270 262 252 273 288 287
Total greenhouse gas emissions from the EU chemicals industry have fallen by 49 per cent since 1990
283
6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development Total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and production in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy consumption and per unit of production in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions per production: European Union versus United States Safety at work EU chemicals sector incidence rate of accidents (more than three days lost) Incidence rate of accidents at work (more than three days lost) Safety at work incidence rate of accidents at work in the EU manufacturing sector (2005)
ccording to the European Environmental A Agency (EEA), the European chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, emitted in 2009 a total of 147.4 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, down from 286 .8 million tonnes in 1990 . ong-term data show that the EU chemicals L industry, including pharmaceuticals, has significantly reduced its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on a consistent basis from 1990 to 2009 . otal greenhouse gas emissions in the EU T chemicals industry have fallen by 49 per cent since 1990 . This historic trend clearly represents successful efforts made by the chemicals industry to reduce emissions .
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA) and Cefic Chemdata International
Sources: European Environment Agency (EEA) and Cefic Chemdata International

44
Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and production in the EU chemicals industry*
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development Total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and production in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy consumption and per unit of production in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions per production: European Union versus United States Safety at work EU chemicals sector incidence rate of accidents (more than three days lost) Incidence rate of accidents at work (more than three days lost) Safety at work incidence rate of accidents at work in the EU manufacturing sector (2005)
Index (1990 = 100) 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 1990 1994 1998 2002 Energy consumption 2006 2009
Chemicals production decoupled from energy use

etween 1990 and 2009, production in the EU B chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, rose by 60 per cent, while total energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions fell by 27 per cent and 49 per cent respectively during the past years 1990 to 2009 . he chemicals industry works to develop cleaner T and safer technologies, waste recycling processes and new products to safeguard the environment including biotechnology processes, catalysts, membranes and desulphurisation. One aspect is increased energy efficiency . Besides increasing the energy efficiency of its own processes, the chemicals industry also helps to increase the energy efficiency of downstream users and their products through innovative inputs .
Greenhouse gas emissions
Chemical production*
* Including pharmaceuticals Source: Cefic Chemdata International and European Environment Agency (EEA)
Sources: Cefic Chemdata International and European Environment Agency (EEA) * Including pharmaceuticals
45
Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy consumption and per unit of production in the EU chemicals industry*
Source: Cefic Chemdata International and European Environment Agency (EEA) Index (1990 = 100) 105 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 -68% 2009 -29% 115
Greenhouse gas intensity has fallen by 68 per cent since 1990

reenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit G of energy consumption have been reduced by 29 .4 per cent and GHG emissions per unit of production, or GHG intensity, have fallen by 67 .9 per cent since 1990 . These decreases show the enormous effort by the chemicals industry to minimise the environmental impact of its production .
Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy consumption
GHG intensity (Greehouse gas emissions per unit of production)
Sources: Cefic Chemdata International and European Environment Agency (EEA) * Including pharmaceuticals
46
Greenhouse gas emissions per production*: European Union versus United States
Index (1990 = 100) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 EU chemicals industry* GHG intensity US chemicals industry* GHG intensity Average growth rate 1990-2009 EU greenhouse gas intensity -5.8% US greenhouse gas intensity -2.6% 110
Greenhouse gas intensity is higher in the European Union than in the United States
n comparison to the US chemicals industry, the I EU chemicals sector has reduced its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity, calculated as emissions per unit of production, by a relatively greater amount and is comparably more GHG emission efficient . he US chemicals industry has decreased its T emission intensity by 39 per cent since 1990, whereas the EU chemicals industry has cut its GHG emissions by 67 .9 per cent .
* Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat, European Environment Agency (EEA) and Cefic Chemdata International
Sources: Eurostat, European Environment Agency (EEA) and Cefic Chemdata International * Including pharmaceuticals
47
Safety at work EU chemicals sector* incidence rate of accidents (more than three days lost)
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development Total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and production in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy consumption and per unit of production in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions per production: European Union versus United States Safety at work EU chemicals sector incidence rate of accidents (more than three days lost) Incidence rate of accidents at work (more than three days lost) Safety at work incidence rate of accidents at work in the EU manufacturing sector (2005)
* Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat (health_safety_work) database and Cefic Analysis Incidence rate of accidents at work per 100 employees
EU chemicals*: Incidence rate of accidents at work (more than 3 days lost)

2.75 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.59 1.50 1.25 1.00 1.45 2.43 2.40 2.20 2.18 2.13 1.99 1.93 1.69 1.53
Incidence rate dropped by more than one third from 1995 to 2005
he incidence rate of accidents at work has T fallen in the EU-15 chemicals industry from 2 .43 in 1995 to 1 .53 in 2005 (latest data available) . Safety at work has been considerably improved from 1995 to 2005 . he long-term data on safety at work show T clearly that the EU-15 chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, has constantly reduced the number of accidents at work during the years 1990 to 2009 . n accident at work is a discrete occurrence A in the course of work which leads to physical or mental harm . The data include only accidents involving more than three calendar days of absence from work, also called serious accidents. The incidence rate of serious accidents at work is the number of people involved in accidents at work with more than three days absence per 100,000 people in employment (Source: European Commission) . he harmonised data on accidents at work T are collected by the EU Commission in the framework of the European Statistics on Accidents at Work, or ESAW, on the basis of a methodology developed in 1990 .
4. Employment
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Sources: Eurostat (health_safety_work) database and Cefic analysis * Including pharmaceuticals

48
Incidence rate of accidents at work (more than three days lost)
1. Chemicals Industry Profile 2. International Trade 3. Growth and Competitiveness

Incidence rate of accidents at work per 100 employee 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 EU-15 manufacturing EU-15 chemicals* Average rate Chemicals Manufacturing 1995-2005 2.0 4.2
Incidence rate of accidents at work (more than 3 days lost)
Chemicals sector incidence rate of accidents two times lower than manufacturing average
etween 1995 and 2005, the incidence rate B of accidents at work in the EU-15 chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, decreased by 37 per cent from 2 .4 in 1995 to 1 .5 in 2005 . he EU-15 manufacturing sector performed T less well compared to the EU-15 chemicals industry in terms of incidence rate of accidents at work, declining 29 per cent from 5 .0 in 1995 to 3 .5 in 2005 .
4. Employment 5. Energy 6. Investment and R&D 7. Sustainable Development Total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and production in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy consumption and per unit of production in the EU chemicals industry Greenhouse gas emissions per production: European Union versus United States Safety at work EU chemicals sector incidence rate of accidents (more than three days lost) Incidence rate of accidents at work (more than three days lost) Safety at work incidence rate of accidents at work in the EU manufacturing sector (2005)
* Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat (health_safety_work) database and Cefic Analysis
Sources: Eurostat (health_safety_work) database and Cefic analysis * Including pharmaceuticals

49
Safety at work incidence rate* of accidents at work in the EU manufacturing sector (2005)
* Incidence rate of accidents at work per 100 employee (more than three days lost) ** Including pharmaceuticals Source: Eurostat and Cefic Analysis
Source: Eurostat and Cefic analysis * Incidence rate of accidents at work per 100 employee (more than three days lost) ** Including pharmaceuticals
Safety at work the third lowest incidence rate of accidents at work in the EU manufacturing sector
Coke and refined petroleum products Electrical and optical equipment Chemicals** Key sectors: Top 10 Textiles Transport equipment Leather Pulp and paper Machinery and equipment Manufacturing Rubber and plastic Food and beverage 0 1 2 3 4 5 3.51% 1.53%
s shown, the incidence rate of accidents A at work in the EU-15 chemicals industry, including pharmaceuticals, is the third lowest in the EU manufacturing sector, behind the manufacturing categories coke & refined petroleum products and electrical & optical equipment . afety at work in the EU-15 chemicals industry, S including pharmaceuticals, was 2 .2 times higher in 2005 than in the EU-15 manufacturing sector as a whole .
50
Cefic - The European Chemical Industry Council
Chemistry making a world of difference

Cefic is the Brussels-based organisation representing national chemical federations and chemical companies in Europe . Cefic represents, directly or indirectly, around 29,000 large, medium and small companies in Europe, which employ about 1 .2 million people and account for 21 per cent of world chemicals production .
Cefic
Cefic aisbl Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4 B - 1160 Brussels Belgium Tel: +32 2 676 72 11 Fax: +32 2 676 73 00 mail@cefic.be www.cefic.org
design: www .landmarks .be

Cefic FF Rapport 2011 ChemicalVolumeOverview

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Facts and Figures 2011 The European chemical industry in a worldwide perspective

Facts and Figures 2011

Contacts Dr . Moncef Hadhri Chief Economist mha@cefic .be +32 2 676 72 82

James Pieper Media Relations Manager jpi@cefic .be +32 2 676 73 98

Facts and Figures 2011

Chemicals Industry Profile World chemicals sales: geographic breakdown

Asian chemicals production equals that of Europe plus America

World chemicals sales in 2010 are valued at

2353 billion. The EU accounts for 21% of the total.

Facts and Figures 2011

Chemicals Industry Profile World chemicals sales by region

Emerging economies outpace industrial countries in chemicals production

28.1 24.4 20.9 19.3 14.6 12.0

6.5 5 0 EU-27 NAFTA Japan Rest of Asia*

2000: 1437 billion

2010: 2353 billion

* Asia excluding China and Japan Source: Cefic Chemdata International

Source: Cefic Chemdata International *Asia excluding China and Japan

Facts and Figures 2011

Chemicals Industry Profile Chemicals sales by country: top 30

China the biggest chemicals producer in 2010

Source: Cefic Chemdata International

Source: Cefic Chemdata International

Facts and Figures 2011

Chemicals Industry Profile EU chemicals industry sales by geographic breakdown

Sales 2010: 491 billion Sales 2010: e491 billion

Eight countries account for 90 per cent of EU chemicals production

HU PT 0.8% 0.8% DK 0.9% FI 1.1% CZ 1.2% SE 1.8% Others 3.0%

Source: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International

Sources: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International

Facts and Figures 2011

World exports of chemicals* 2010 World exports of chemicals* 2010

World imports of chemicals* 2010 World imports of chemicals* 2010

Percentage shares 5% 6% 11% 44%

Africa & Oceania

* Including intra EU trade Source: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International

Sources: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International * Including intra EU trade

Facts and Figures 2011

Chemicals Industry Profile EU chemicals industry sales by sectoral breakdown

2009: 420 billion

2009: E420 billion

2010: 491 billion

2010: E491 billion

Petrochemicals and polymers account for about half of EU chemicals sales

Consumer chemicals 13.5% Basic inorganics 13.7%

Consumer chemicals 12.8% Basic inorganics 13.6%

Source: Cefic Chemdata International

Source: Cefic Chemdata International

Facts and Figures 2011

Chemicals Industry Profile EU chemicals industry sales: structure by destination

Intra-EU trade increased significantly due to success of EU internal market

Home country sales

Source: Eurostat and Cefic Chemdata International

Facts and Figures 2011

Chemicals Industry Profile EU chemicals industry sales structure

1995: 331 billion 1995: E331billion

2010: E491 billion 2010: 491 billion

Percentage shares Extra-EU export 29%

Home country sales 18%

Intra-EU export 53%

Source: Cefic Chemdata International

Source: Cefic Chemdata International

Facts and Figures 2011

Chemicals Industry Profile Contribution of the chemicals industry to the EU economy