Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Catalysis and Adsorption
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 126:
KINETICS OF HETEROGENEOUS REACTION
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University of the Philippines 1Chemical Engineering 126
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Previously in ChE 126
↗Catalyst : The workhorse of chemical transformations
in the industry
↗The Catalyst Action
↗Limitations of the Catalyst
↗Evaluation of the Suitability of a Catalyst
↗“7 Steps from Reactant to Products”
↗Global Rates of Reaction …
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Today’s Topics (Second Half)
Adsorption
Comparison of physisorption and
chemisorption
The Langmuir treatment of adsorption
Other Isotherms (Tempkin,Freundlich, Elovich)
Adsorption Kinetics
Rates of Adsorption
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Complete Steps for Converting
Reactants to Products
1. Transport of reactants from bulk fluid to
the fluid solid interface 1
7
2. Intraparticle transport of reactants in the
catalyst particle
3. Adsorption of reactants at interior sited
of the catalyst particle
6
4. Chemical reaction of adsorbed reactants
to adsorbed products 2
5. Desorption of adsorbed products
6. Transport of products from the interior
3,4,5
sites to the outer surface of the catalyst
surface
7. Transport of products into the bulk fluid
stream
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What happens in a non‐porous
catalyst?
1. Transport of reactants from bulk fluid to
the fluid solid interface
2. Intraparticle transport of reactants in the
catalyst particle
3. Adsorption of reactants at interior sited
of the catalyst particle
4. Chemical reaction of adsorbed reactants
to adsorbed products
5. Desorption of adsorbed products
6. Transport of products from the interior
sites to the outer surface of the catalyst
surface
7. Transport of products into the bulk fluid
stream
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Concentration profile
Reaction Controlled
Cb
Cb ≈ Cs
r p = kC s
CATALYST
Intermediate
Case
rp = k m a m ( C b − C s )
Cs
Diffusion Controlled C = 0
s
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Adsorption
• Physical adsorption (physisorption)
– result of van der Waals forces
– the accompanying heat of adsorption is
comparable in magnitude to the heat of
vaporization of the adsorbate
• Chemical adsorption (chemisorption)
– chemical bonds are formed between the catalyst
and the starting material
both types of adsorption are exothermic
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Comparison of physisorption and chemisorption
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Comparison of physisorption and chemisorption
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Adsorption
Chemisorption Physisorption
Activated temperature sensitive and
varies according to a finite
activation energy
Non‐Activated
rapid adsorption and near zero
activation energy
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Heat of
Physisorption
Heat of Chemisorption
Potential energy curves for (1) physical and (2) chemical adsorption,
(a) Non activated, (b) Activated
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The Langmuir treatment of adsorption
Sweeping assumptions
• The entire active center is
energetically uniform. • All the adsorption occurs by
the same mechanism
• There is no interaction • Coverage is less than one
between adsorbed molecules. complete mono‐layer.
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Bulk and Surface Concentration
Cg
Cm C
All active sites are covered
with monomolecular layer Surface adsorbed
or adsorsorbate concentration
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Problem 7.6 and 7.7
benzene on silica gel
n‐hexane on silica gel
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Problem 7.6 and 7.7
n‐hexane on silica gel benzene on silica gel
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Problem7.13
0.8
0.72
0.64
0.56
θ 70
0.48
θ 90
θ 110 0.4
θ 1300.32
0.24
0.16
0.08
0
−3 −3 −3
0 2.5×10 5×10 7.5×10 0.01 0.0125 0.015 0.0175 0.02 0.0225 0.025
〈0〉
dta
Caution: The last point of the red curve is fictitious
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Problem 7.13
isosteric heat of adsorption
19.314 kJ/mol
coverage
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Trajectory Predicted by
Langmuir Isotherm
Heat of adsorption vs. surface coverage for hydrogen on metal films
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Types of adsorption isotherms
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