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Written on S EP T EM B ER 1, 2 0 10 AT 1:13 P M by AR M ED WI T H S C I EN C E

Remote Control of Brain Activity Using Ultrasound

Filed under L I F E S C I EN C ES , P H YS I C AL S C I EN C ES , T EC H N O L O G Y {6 6 C O M M EN T S }

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Dr. William J. Tyler is an Assistant Professor in the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University, is a coTwe e t founder and the CSO of SynSonix, Inc., and a member of the 2010 DARPA Young Faculty Award class.

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Every single aspect o f human sensatio n, perceptio n, emo tio n, and behavio r is regulated by brain activity. Thus, having the ability to stimulate brain functio n is a po werful techno lo gy. Recent advances in neuro techno lo gy have sho wn that brain stimulatio n is capable o f treating neuro lo gical diseases and brain injury, as well as serving platfo rms aro und which brain-co mputer interfaces can be built fo r vario us purpo ses. Several limitatio ns ho wever still po se significant challenges to implementing traditio nal brain stimulatio n metho ds fo r treating diseases and co ntro lling info rmatio n pro cessing in brain circuits. Fo r example, deep-brain stimulating (DBS) electro des used to treat mo vement diso rders such as Parkinso ns disease require neuro surgery in o rder to implant electro des and batteries into patients. Transcranial magnetic stimulatio n (TMS) used to treat drug-resistant depressio n and o ther diso rders do no t require surgery, but have a lo w spatial reso lutio n o f appro ximately o ne centimeter and canno t stimulate deep brain circuits where many diseased circuits reside.

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These illustrations show the surgical invasiveness of deep- brain stimulating electrodes (left) and depict the low spatial resolutions conferred by transcranial magnetic stimulation (right). (Image: Tyler Lab)

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To o verco me the abo ve limitatio ns, my labo rato ry has engineered a no vel techno lo gy which implements transcranial pulsed ultraso und to remo tely and directly stimulate brain circuits witho ut requiring surgery. Further, we have sho wn this ultraso nic neuro mo dulatio n appro ach co nfers a spatial reso lutio n appro ximately five times greater than TMS and can exert its effects upo n subco rtical brain circuits deep within the brain. A po rtio n o f o ur initial wo rk has been suppo rted by the U.S. Army Research, Develo pment and Engineering Co mmand (RDECOM) Army Research Labo rato ry (ARL) where we have been wo rking to develo p metho ds fo r enco ding senso ry data o nto the co rtex using pulsed ultraso und. Thro ugh a recent grant made by the Defense Advanced Research Pro jects Agency (DARPA) Yo ung Faculty Award Pro gram, o ur research will begin undergo ing the next phases o f research and develo pment aimed to wards engineering future applicatio ns using this neuro techno lo gy fo r o ur co untrys warfighters. Here, we will co ntinue explo ring the influence o f ultraso und o n brain functio n and begin using transducer phased arrays to examine the influence o f fo cused ultraso und o n intact brain circuits. We will also be investigating the use o f capacitive micro machined ultraso nic transducers (CMUTs) fo r use in brain stimulatio n. Finally, to impro ve upo n spatial reso lutio n, we will examine the use o f aco ustic metamaterials and hyperlenses to study ho w subdiffractio n limited ultraso und influences brain wave activity patterns.

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Ho w can this techno lo gy be used to pro vide o ur natio ns Warfighters with strategic advantages? We have develo ped wo rking and co nceptual pro to types in which ballistic helmets can be fitted with ultraso und transducers and micro co ntro ller devices to illustrate po tential applicatio ns as sho wn belo w. We lo o k fo rward to develo ping a clo se wo rking relatio nship with DARPA and o ther Department o f Defense and U.S. Intelligence Co mmunities to bring so me o f these applicatio ns to fruitio n o ver the co ming years depending o n the mo st pressing needs o f o ur co untrys defense industries.

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Above illustrations show a ballistic helmet fitted with four ultrasound transducers (left) and another functional prototype for achieving human brain stimulation using a single element transducer (bottom- right), as well as a list of potential applications relevant to the defense industry. (Image: Tyler Lab)

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Armed with Science tagged this post with: Arizona State University , DARPA, dbs , deep-brain stimulation , Defense

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Advanced Research Projects Agency , Dr. William Tyler , tms , Transcranial magnetic stimulation , ultrasound Read 159 articles by Armed with Science

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