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Qulitative test on fats and oils

:Title of experiment
(Detection of seasame oil by( BAUDWIN TEST

:Objective
To detect in a qualitative way the presence of various adulterants in a .samples of fats and oils

:Introduction and principle


Several qualitative tests are available to detect the presence of added .adulterants in fats and oils

(BAUDOUIN TEST: 1
This test is used to detect the presence of added seasame oil, which is characterized by the presence of certain phenolic substances. The principle of the test is based on the reaction of phenols with furfurals in acid solution. Furfurals are formed by the dehydration of the .monosaccharides in concentrated mineral acids Hence a solution of sucrose in concentrated hydrochloric acid will be hydrolysed to an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose,both of which give rise to hydroxymethyl furfural by dehydration. The latter reacts with the phenols found in seasame oil to give a compound with a .pink colour

:Material and apparatus


ethanol 90% v/v .1 .ammonia sol .2 .sucrose sol. concentration hydrochloric acid 1% .3

:Method
put 5ml of sample in conical flask and add to it 5ml of -1 (ethanol/ammonia mixture (9:1 shake well and heat on a water bath until the sol. Gets free from both -2 .ammonia and ethanol add 1ml of the acid sucrose mixture, skake and allow the sol. To stand -3 .for 5min .the development of apink colour indicates the presence of seasame oil -4

(B-halphen test: 2 This test is used to detect in the presence of added cotton seed oil, which is characterized by the presence of the toxic pigment gossypol. The latter .reacts with giving a reddish colour

:Material
.stoppered glass test tubes-1 .water bath-2 .amyl alchhol-3 .precipitated sulpher 1% w/v sol. Dissolved in carbon disulphide-4 halphen sol. (prepared by mixing equal volume of amyl alchol and-5 ( precipitated sulpher

:Methods
(put 2-3 ml of the sample in a glass stoppered test tube(20ml capacity (1 .add 3ml of halphen solution and close the tube (2 .immense the tube in boiling water for 30min (3 .development of a red colour indicates the presence of cotton seed oil (4 (Detection of mineral oils: 3 Edible fats and oils are usually saponifiable , whereas mineral oils are not .. in this test, the ability of the sample to be saponified is determined
:Objectives This test is established to detect the presence of mineral oils contaminated with edible .oils

:Material
.reflux air condenser-1 .alcocholic potassium hydroxide sol-2

:Method
place 1ml of the oil in a conical flask and add to it 25ml of alcoholic (1 .potassium hydroxide sol boil under the reflux contents of the flask about 25ml distilled water (2 and mix thoroughly , if turbidity appears, the mineral oil is present of .more than 0.5%

:Title of experiment (Rancidity test (kreis kerr) 4 :Objectives


kreis kerr test is aquaitative test for the presence of aldehydes and ketones .in fats and oils, created by its rancidity

:Introduction and principle


The term "rancidity" is used to describe the development of bad flavours and odours in fats and oils. It may result either from hydrolysis of the triacylglycerol present in fats and oils or from oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids present in the triacylglycerols. The former cause . may be detected by an increase in the acid value of the sample Autooxidation at fatty acid double bonds occurs by reaction with molecular oxygen present in the atmosphere, causing the formation of .labile peroxides The peroxides formed during autooxidation are unstable and decompose into free radicals .These initiate chain reactions which lead to eventually to decomposition of the fatty acid into various low molecular weight .aldehydes and ketones Aldehydes and ketones react with phloroglucinol developing a red .colour

:Material
.phloroglucinol. In ether solution 1% (1 .concentrated hydrochloric acid (2

:Method
.to 1ml of sample add similar amount of conc. Hydrochloric acid (1 .add 2ml of phloroglucinol solution (2 .a red colour will develop if the oil is rancid (3

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