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=
=
=
=
2
inj cyl
f d
f
p p
V C
=
32
Volume of flow injected per second, Q
2
60
4 360 60
i
f
N
Q d n V
N
=
Area of all orifices
Time of one injection
No. of injection per
sec for one orifice
d = diameter of orifice
n = no. of orifices
= duration of injection in crank angle degrees
N = rpm/2 for four stroke
= rpm for two stroke
N
i
= no. of injection per minute
33
Diesel Engines - Facts
Diesel engines are rather unpopular in the
United States, often being thought of as loud
and dirty. Worldwide, however, diesel engines
are very well established in a wide variety of
applications, as they are much more efficient
than gasoline engines and generally longer
lasting.
34
Petrol & Diesel Engines
35
Diesel Fuel Injection System
With diesel engines fuel is
sprayed directly into the
cylinders power is varied by
metering the amount of fuel
added (no throttle). Diesel fuel
injection systems operate at
high-pressure, e.g., 100 Mpa.
In this system, fuel pressure
must be greater than the
compression pressure, and the
system needs high fuel jet
speed to atomize droplets
small enough for rapid
evaporation.
Traditional Diesels high pressure produced locally within the injector
Latest Diesels use high pressure common rail with solenoid actuated
injectors
36
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine
Fuel is injected directly into the cylinder
during the intake stroke or the compression
stroke
High pressure injector required, 5-10 MPa
Need bowl in piston design to direct the fuel
spray towards the spark plug
37
Engine that combines the best features of SI
and CI engines:
Operate at optimum compression ratio (12-
15) for efficiency by injecting fuel directly into
engine during compression (avoiding knock
associated with SI engines with premixed
charge)
Ignite the fuel as it mixes (avoid fuel-quality
requirement of diesel fuel)
Control engine power by fuel added (no
throttling no pumping work)
During intake stroke fuel cools the cylinder
wall allowing more air into the cylinder due to
higher density
Benefits of GDI Engine
38
Direct-Injection Stratified-Charge Engines
Create easily ignitable fuel-air mixture at the
spark plug and a leaner fuel-air mixture in the
rest of the cylinder.
Lean burn results in lower emissions and higher
energy efficiency
Example:
Mitsubishi GDI engine achieves complete
combustion with an air-fuel ratio of 40:1
compared to 15:1 for conventional engines
This results in a 20% improvement in overall fuel
efficiency and CO2 production, and reduces
NOx emissions by 95% with special catalyst
39
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Web Resources