For international data these are various publication united nation and world bank.

A wide range of data about the whole world is as close as your library or the internet. This approach, therefore, has appeal to sociologist with low budget. Even more important, government data are general better than what most researchers could obtains on their own. History analysis has inherent problem for one thing, available data may not exist in precisely the form needed. Further, there are always question about the meaning and accuracy of done by others. FOR Example, in is classic study of suicide, Emile Durkheim soon discovered that there was no way to whether a death classified as a suicide, was really an accident, and vice versa. In addition, various agencies use different procedure and categories in collecting data, so comparison is you difficult. Bargains are plentiful, but have to shop carefully to avoid ending up with a lemon. It also means accepting as accurate peoples self reported income. SURVEY It is also called social survey or sample survey. Is a method for systematical gather standardize information about a problem which a researcher uses to find an answer to. It is method for reaching scientific conclusion and generalization based on the finding derived from information obtains from an adequate sample or representative of some identical mother population or universe. The social survey is a convenience device which allows researchers to obtain information about a larger population from a tiny population from tiny of it which can be seen as truly representing that larger population in every way. Often researchers cannot question or ask all individuals who bring information regent to the

problem they want to study due to constraints, they are compelled d to draw representatives sample or portion of the wider population which they are interested in, for purposes of eliciting information from them on the problem of study. The major procedure of survey is that an adequate number of careful selected who are of the population being are ask to provide information or answer to exactly the same set of question that are focused on a sociological problem being investigate by the researcher. It is also referred to as sample survey because the researcher is seeking to make generalization about a larger population base on the observation of, or finding from a smaller simple draw from the large population. The survey method is acceptable s useful because the researcher sample generated for the study is drawn or selected randomly in such a way that is a typical or representative of the larger population. QUESTIONER The term questioner is, in a more technical sense, a general classification of data gathering devices in which the data are obtain from the respondent in a written form. When the form is filled out in the presence of the research, It is usually referred to as schedule. But when it is administered by post, it is called a mailed questioner. And when it is purpose is to gather opinions rather than facts, it is often referred to as opinioned or attitude scaled. The questioner is probably the most used of the data-gathering devices. It is also perhaps, the most misused or abused. In the sense that many who chose to use it, do so without a proper understanding of the underlying requirement of questioner takes a good deal of

time, ingenuity, hard work and practice. But, ever so often, the questioner is made to appear as if it is the lazy mans way of gaining information. It can also be simple described as a set of written questions which are serving on respondents and are completed by them. The responses are usually written on the same papers as the questions. They are two basic types structure and unstructured Question that calls for short, check responses are known as structure, and the unstructured calls for a free response in the respondents own words. FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION FGD is a form or group of people interview which relies on interaction within the selected group. There is emphasis on the type of question and answer sequence that character typical interviews. Rather emphasis on the interaction between group members. FGD are usually organized for small group of people usually 6-12 people. A facilitator or moderator (often the researcher) is usually appointed for FGD whose main task is to guide the discussion and ensure that it does not digress too far from the topic, as well as to limit the domination of the discussion by an individual. They are useful for obtaining baseline information about particular topics, and can also be use for the design of more elaborate studies. HOW IS HISTORICAL APPROACH USE IN SOSCIOLOGICAL STUDIES? This refers to the acknowledgement and identification of materials such as data, questions and opinions from various sources which have in one way or another contributed to quality and content of the report and paper. History

analysis is an important aspect of the research process. It applies not only to research works, but to all from of writing such as term papers seminal/conference papers articles, speech etc in which ideals, materials or quotations from other are used. History analysis are vital importance to sociologist which to study social change which take place over an extended period of time.