Name: Tng Vn Tng Class: K44AP Students number: 0851010200

Research and Design Cooperation

Research and design cooperation grows out of the variability of social reality: Boundaries of problem change, situations differ, viewpoints are flexible, and people grow. The solutions that designers or researchers provide to their own problems have side effects in other discipline. Cooperation is fostered when designers and researchers decide to they want to use the other discipline as a tool to improve their control over side effects that is , to solve more broadly defined problems than they can solve alone. Purpose s of cooperation Researchers purposes Researchers who want to share their information with designers want to know how designers work. Understanding how architects make decisions enables researchers to present research information in a form that meets decision makes schedules. The clearer process of using information in design is to researchers, the easier it is to modify that process so it can better accommodate new types of information. Designers purposes Designers have a different problem: Although their main objective is to change physical settings, they want to control the behavioral effects of the design decisions they make. They want their buildings, open spaces, and objects to meet the social, psychological, and developmental needs of those who use them. For instance, designers contract with individual clients who request styled, one of a kind building. Clients pay for the building, criticize it during design, and eventually use it personally. To determine clients needs, designers negotiate with them to reach an agreement on design. In such settings clients may delegate considerable authority to the professionals they pay because they want to benefit from the special expertise about such things as style, methods, and material. Occasions for Cooperation Design programming: A process of preparing design contracts may specify that either the client or client together with the designer is responsible for stating clearly what the setting is expected to do. For example, when investigators programmed a cancer clinic, they carried out case studies in four large urban cancer therapy clinics, interviewed users, observed their behavior, and documented physical trades. They observed at each location during different days and at the different times of day. They assumed that the people, settings, and situations there represented the types of people, setting, and situations for

which the clinic was being designed that the information they gathered was generalizable to the larger group from which future users would be drawn. Design review: is a process of testing ideas to link design and research. a. Design review problem: How to present information. As many practicing design and others involved in design can attest, it is not always apparent how basic research findings are helpful to solve design problem. The way this task is carried out affects how various design team members can help change design decisions, and it affect the likelihood that useful knowledge can increase and be developed further. b. Presentation technique: Share environment behavior images Designers formulate problems so that better design response can be developed without expending more resources. Images suited to a problem can be used to decide which resources are useful to solve it and which are not.

c. Presentation technique: annotated plans Plan annotation is a technique for presenting behavior information together with traditional symbolic design information: diagrammatic and schematic plans. Annotated plans are design drawings on which information about the relation between the planned environment and behavior is written in words and other easily understood symbols. d. Presentation technique: design review questions. When designers want to indentify data, problems, and issues that are bear on making detailed design decisions, more specific design review questions are appropriate. Evaluation research Another occasion for designers and researchers o cooperate is after a building or other setting has been occupied when it is use. They answer the question like: What were the designers original intentions, and how did they try to implement them? What is there in the design that influenced use of the setting in ways the designers did not intend? How did position, expertise, and knowhow of design team members affect decisions during design? For example, in the NIH cancer treatment center designed with research, the program and annotated plans could be translated in to testable hypothesis.