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Laser
Overview:
…………………………………………………………………………………
Emission
• …………….. Emission.
• …………….. Emission.
in ……………….
state.
• The atom remains at excited state for lifetime about 10-8 second, then it
Spontaneous Emission:
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
state (absorbing / emitting) the original photon and the colliding photon
• The emitted photons are (coherent / not coherent) and propagate in (one /
• Its spreading is ……….: where it (obey / disobey) the inverse square law.
particles.
Stimulated Emission:
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..
Mono-chromaticity:
………...
…………… beam.
Collimation:
inverse square rule, therefore the width of the laser beam (does / does
not) change by increasing the traveling distance, and the intensity will
Coherence:
• Laser beam: its photons emit at the same time, therefore it is in (phase /
Intensity:
• Ordinary light: it (obeys / disobeys) the inverse square rule, therefore its
distance.
• Laser beam: it (obeys / disobeys) the inverse square rule, therefore its
intensity (increase / does not change / decrease), how long the traveling
distance was.
• Where the number of excited atoms (less / exceed) than the number of
stimulated) emission.
……….. between two enclosing mirrors, where the photons impact with
Active medium:
It is the active medium to produce the laser beam, and it can be:
b) …..…………………...
Source of Energy:
energy:
• By using of ……………..
• By using of ………………………………………………………………..
which is used in gas laser (e.g.: CO2 laser, Ar laser, He-Ne laser).
optical energy:
produce laser.
Resonant Cavity:
It is the container and the activating catalyst for amplification. There are two
……………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………….…….
Active medium:
Source of Energy:
Resonant Cavity:
• Internal resonant cavity: where Helium and Neon are placed in …………
• The ends of the tube are polished to act as …………; one of them is
Operation:
3. The life time of the excited Neon atom is relatively long (10-3 sec),
……………………………………. to be reached.
directions.
the two parallel mirrors, and can’t escape from the tube.
6. During the propagation of photons, they may collide with Neon atoms at
producing more photons (in phase / not in phase) and in the same
direction.
7. The previous step is repeated which causing the multiplies to increase the
mirror, while the other part remains inside the tube to cause more of
stimulated emission.
9. Neon atoms that relax to lower energy level, loss the rest of their energy
10. Helium atoms that lose their energy due to collision, get excited again by
…………………………………….
Laser applications:
I. Holography:
………………………………………………
directly.
• The same plate can store more than one image; therefore it may used to
produce ……………………..
sightedness.
• Lasers are used with optical fibers in ……………….., for diagnosing and
surgery.
[LADAR]).
• CD recording.
• Laser printing.
• Surveying.
• Space research.