Answers and Hints for Problem Set #4

5-28C) See the discussion on pp. 202, 203 of the textbook. Answer: The flow is steady, incompressible, and frictionless (negligible viscosity). Also acceptable is that Bernoullis equation applies along a streamline (i.e., not across streamlines, in general). 5-36C) Solution Outline: Flow is faster in the smaller tube (on the right) by conservation of mass. By Bernoullis equation, pressure decreases as speed increases. Thus, the static pressure in the smaller tube (right) is lower. These arguments are independent of flow direction. Answer: Figure P5-36C(a) is correct for both flow directions. 5-41) Solution Outline: A pitot-static probe measures both the stagnation pressure and the static pressure at essentially the same location in the flow (see class notes), so equation 547 can be used. Be sure to obtain the density of air at 3000m from Table A-11. Answer: V = 81.2 m/s [Note: Ma = V/c = 0.25 where c is the speed of sound at 3000m and Ma is the Mach number. Since Ma < 0.3, the flow behaves as if it were incompressible, as required by Bernoullis equation.] 5-48E) Solution Outline: First, draw and label an appropriate streamline:

(1)

(2) H

1 V22 V12 . Use conservation of mass and the 2 given flow rate to find V1 and V2 . Use the manometer to find p1 p 2 in terms of h. To do this, it is necessary to account for the specific weight of the flowing fluid since it is a liquid (water). Observing that the streamlines beneath points (1) and (2) are straight and horizontal, hydrostatics can be applied between these points and the tube opening beneath

Bernoullis equation gives p1 p 2 =

ME/CEE 2342

Fall 2012

Krueger

them. In particular, hydrostatics can be applied from point (1) around the U-tube manometer to point (2). The result is p1 w H w h + Hg h + w H = p 2 . Combining this result with Bernoullis equation gives the solution for h. Answer: h = 0.52 in 5-57) Solution Outline: Draw and label an appropriate streamline: 250 kPa (1) at liquid surface

2.5 m

(2) free jet Applying Bernoullis equation gives 2 V22 = ( p1 p atm ) + 2 g (z1 z 2 ) . Then Q = V2 A2 . Answer: Q = 0.147 m3 s . 5-82) Solution Outline: Draw and label the streamtube for the pipe contraction:

(1) inlet

(2) outlet

ME/CEE 2342

Fall 2012

Krueger

Using the energy equation with 1 = 2 gives p p1 (V22 V12 ) , hL = 2 + 2g where conservation of mass can be used to find V1 and V2 . Answer: hL = 1.19 m 5-93) Solution Outline: First, draw and label an appropriate streamtube for the problem: (1)

50 m

(2)

Using this streamtube, the energy equation gives hT = z1 z 2 hL for day-time operation and h p = z1 z 2 + hL for night-time operation. Also, the power generated during the day . pump = motor Converting the power generated to profit and the power required to cost (using the given charge/expense rates) and taking the difference gives the net profit. Answer: Profit = $42,970/yr

is W gen = turb gen QhT and the power required at night is Wmotor =

Qh p

ME/CEE 2342

Fall 2012

Krueger