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Introduction:
Experience is the best teacher.
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Reading Thinking
Experiencing
ing
Writing Talking
The language experience approach thus emphasizes that the child’s own ideas
are worth expressing. They are not only worth saying, they are also worth writing
down and being read by the child, the teacher, and other classmates. This ap-
proach stresses the natural flow of language. First, the child’s oral expression is
stimulated by art, literature or other experiences., and then her written expression
is developed from her oral expression, her motivation for reading her own lan-
guage, she is moved naturally into reading the language or other authors found
in published books.
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to be changed” and “assure the strongest possible connection with the student’s
spoken language” (29-30)
The teacher may record the story on a large piece of newsprint, a poster
board chart, or on the chalkboard, from which it will later be reprinted onto a
chart. Which ever means of recording is used, it is essential that children sit so
they can see each word as it is written in the proper left-to-right sequence. They
will thus see that sentences follow a progressive pattern from the top of the page
to the bottom and those sentences begin with capital letters and end with peri-
ods.
As the children dictate the story, the teacher writes each word, repeating
the word aloud as he writes. Following each sentence, the teacher reads the
whole sentence to the group, using his hand to underline the word being read.
The teacher asks the child who has indicated the sentence whether the sentence
is correct.
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language experience is being written individually by each child,
provide as much assistance as necessary for them to write their
own thoughts.
4. Read the story. Read the story back to the students immediately.
Trace each word with your hand and allow the students to verify
that this is exactly what they said. Allow them to read the story with
you and by themselves, when they feel ready. Reading is made
easier by the fact that the student is reading material that is self-
generated.
5. Reinforcement. Use appropriate reinforcement activities with the
language experience story. For example, cut apart sentences in a
sequentially –ordered story, mix them, and have students put them
back into the correct order. Match the sentences that are cut apart
with the sentences in a chart story. Match phrases or words within
the chart story that begin with a specific consonant or rhyme with a
specific word. Introduce a role playing activity about a problem de-
veloped or resolved in a experience story. Here individual story
words are learned and other reading skills are reinforced through
Teacher-designed activities related to the story.
Theoretical Support
As Jones (1986) notes, the basic approach to LEA as outlined in the five-step
process above draws on several key language learning principles.
1. Learning occurs from the known to the unknown. The learner begins with
his or her own spoken language.
2. Learning occurs most effectively in a general to specific direction. In read-
ing, students must be immersed in a meaningful context of written lan-
guage for learning to be most effective.
3. Struggling adult readers usually have a low self-concept as readers and
need to be assured of some immediate success. There is little to lose and
much to gain with the LEA and assisted readings.
4. Adult learners are often very time conscious and need to leave each les-
son with a feeling of accomplishment. Everyone reads a t every LEA ses-
sion.
LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Oral language and personal experience bridge the gap between spoken and
written language.
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Literacy instruction is organized around the personal experiences of
the learner. Personal experiences when connected to personal lan-
guage, is much more easily remembered and understood than
someone else’s language and experience. Language experience
makes learning to read and write accessible for nearly any child - -
and adult for that matter.
Integrated language arts create a corridor for mutual listening and talking.
Speaking and listening are present in nearly every aspect of the language experi-
ence approach. Book talks, sharing writing, responding to literature, comprehen-
sion discussions, dictating accounts, and peer discussions lead to an abundance
of opportunities to talk and listen to situations directly connected with reading and
writing. Research supports writers’ intuitive understanding that reading influences
writing (Tierney and Shanahan, 1991)
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Literature models and motivates language arts instructions.
Dictation: -
There are three phases to dictation: recording the account, rereading the
account, and drawing words from accounts for word study. The language experi-
ence approach introduces children to reading through dictated accounts. These
dictated accounts are the initial source of reading material. Dictation may be
taken from groups or individuals. Groups typically have seven to nine children.
Group dictation accustoms children to talking about their experiences, and
it helps them understand the procedures to rereading dictated accounts. Individu-
ally dictated accounts can be started when children are comfortable talking about
their experiences and are familiar with rereading procedures.
Dictation can be gradually phased out as children become fluent readers. Those
who are progressing more slowly continue until they, too, can read fluently. Some
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children are less eager to dictate than others, some need the stimulus of a recent
class experience; a book read aloud, a nature walk, a discussion of pets. After a
time, children come to class to discuss their personal experiences and have less
need for a specific classroom stimulus.
Comprehension: -
Writing: -
Writing is a fundamental component of language experience. It is an indis-
pensable companion of reading instruction. Schedule writing sessions for not
less than 35 minutes to 40 minutes every day starting on the first day of school.
Those who can not write can draw and have their drawings labeled by the teach-
er. Writing process and writing workshop are essential in order to develop a
strong writing component. Children need support in their writing, consequently, it
is necessary to use invented spelling, which enables children to use the full
range of their oral vocabulary. Writing is valuable in itself, but it also contributes
to comprehension, word recognition, and spelling. Writing also gives multiple op-
portunities for developing speaking and listening skills.
Word Recognition: -
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Spend 20 to 25 minutes a day on word recognition activities and continue
until word recognition fluency is achieved. Sight words learned through language
experience accounts, are a starting point. Auditory and visual discrimination can
be taught, using the text of dictated accounts and words drawn from these ac-
counts. Word study activities are especially valuable. Show children how to cat-
egorize words by meaning, sound, structural pattern, and other word features.
After a sufficient number of words have accumulated in word banks, children can
work in groups or individually to construct and exchange short messages using
their word banks.
Oral and written language are parallel systems for communicating mean-
ing. Talking and listening sometimes get short shift in language arts curriculum
since reading and writing tend to dominate class activities. It is much better when
oral and written language work together to create literacy events. Art and drama
projects are excellent vehicles for connecting reading and writing with speaking,
listening, and viewing. Language experience and whole language have an ad-
vantage that their approach to reading and writing affords multiple opportunities
to integrate listening and talking with reading and writing.
Before children are capable of recording their ideas through the more ab-
stract medium of print, they are able to represent their impressions of the world in
the concrete forms of art, drama, and music. Artistic expression allows children to
use their senses and this, in turn, adds substance to experience. Writing, read-
ing, talking, listening, viewing, and thinking are enhanced when children express
themselves with paint, fabric, clay, drama, and dance.
Children need to experience the writing process so they can draft, revise
and edit their writing, and in the final stages, proofread for miscues. They also
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need systematic spelling instruction beginning in first or second grade and con-
tinuing until a high level of spelling proficiency is acquired.
Legibility is the key issue in handwriting. It takes time for children to acquire that
eye-hand coordination need to write legibly. Whether teachers choose to use
handwriting materials or teach handwriting on their own, it does not harm and
much good to show children how to form letters and space them so that their
audience can read them.
Punctuation becomes increasingly important as children more from early to later
stages of writing. Dictation provides opportunities to informally talk about the
symbols we call punctuation.
Casual comments about punctuation can be made now and then as an account
is recorded. Teach punctuation in mini-lessons, as well, aiming at needs ob-
served from analyzing children’s writing.
Is based on the concept that reading has the most meaning for children
when the materials being read are centered on their experiences and ex-
pressed in their language. It integrates the teaching of reading with all oth-
er learning areas as children listen, talk and write about personal experi-
ences and ideas.
In the early stages, children’s personal feelings, thoughts, ideas about and re-
actions to experiences provide the major source of material for the teacher to
record fore reading. As children’s abilities with writing develop, much of this
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recording is done by the children in various forms either personally, in groups
or as a class. It provides a source of readily-accessible reading material.
Conclusion:
Although there is no one “super method” for language teaching, LEA offers
a useful method for beginning literacy instruction by linking the students’ lan-
guage and experience learning.
References:
Prepared by:
Perla H. Cuanzon
DepEd, Manila
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