Introduction to Road Safety Auditing (RSA)

Paul Hillier ARRB Group Ltd

Day 2 (Saturday 10 November 2012)

Transport Community of Practice

The program for Day 2

Day 2 (of 2)
There will be 3 sessions: Evaluation, capacity building, guidance docs and toolkits, ADB protocols (0900hrs 1000hrs) Intro to design RSA exercise (1000hrs 1015hrs) Break Design RSA exercise (1030hrs 1200hrs) LUNCH RSA of existing road (1300hrs 1445hrs) Break Wrap up of Day 2 / CLOSE (1500 - 1530hrs)
3

Session 4 Evaluation, capacity building, guidance documents & toolkits, ADB protocols

Closing The Loop Evaluation

Monitoring & Evaluation

Monitoring = evaluation
'The critical assessment, in as objective a manner as possible, of the degree to which a service or its component parts fulfils stated goals'

Why evaluate?
Applies to any strategy, policy, plan or action, not just highways Have we made a positive difference? Success or failure? Quantifying - how successful? met targets? Have we been overambitious? Job done, tick isnt enough Continual improvement learn from successes and mistakes Helps to prove vfm or secure (or retain) additional funding / support But, its not easy!
7

Why is this so hard?

Often a very fine line between success & failure Success can be all things to all men
What constitutes success can be different based on who is asked & what their objectives / agenda are! (who is the client?)

Have we identified the problem correctly? Robustness and confidence in results needed
What are we measuring? Data isnt always (readily) available or reliable What should be our baseline?/when do we measure?

Nature of road crashes

8

Challenges & issues

Data (availability, currency, accuracy, under-reporting etc.) Nature of crashes (rare, random, multi-factor) Regression to mean KPIs / what is success? (what to collect?) Sample sizes? Coping with evaluation of multiple measures Crash migration / crash type changes Resources / responsibilities / funding !
9

Wider (Strategic) Evaluation

not a specific type of RSA

audit of the auditors

review quality of RSA findings

review client responses

review whether client responses get implemented assess what safety benefits are actually gained on audited roads and projects

10

Business policies & procedures

Source: NSW RTA

11

Capacity building, guidance documents & toolkits, ADB protocols

12

Capacity building, guidance & ADB protocols

Importance & methods of capacity building Where can I find more help? Guidance documents & practical toolkits ADB protocols supporting documents, templates / proformas etc.

13

Capacity and Capability Building

Sharing knowledge & learning from each other is vital Because together we have the combined

Knowledge Skills Experience

14

How Do We Achieve It?

Forums/conferences/workshops Networking Knowledge Transfer (training) Staff secondments/exchanges Partnerships / MoUs Guidance documents / toolkits Centres of Excellence Aid agency funded Consultancy commissions Importance of keeping things practical & including local knowledge
15

RSA Specifics
Important considerations in building RSA capability:
multi-disciplinary approach to road safety concept of auditor independence qualification process for auditors evaluation of audits: cost/benefit comparison audit regulations and legal consequences possibility of a universal checklist development of an audit database audit procedures in emerging countries
Source: PIARC/Herrsted 1999

16

Weve need to save more lives on our roads RSA will help!

Traffic Management

Asset Management

Network Planning

17

RSA Specifics (cont.)

What else would help drive this?: bringing all the pieces together policies & business procedures to mainstream RS (at institutional and local levels) mandatory RSAs (penalties?) at defined / all stages ring fenced funding for RSAs manuals, operating procedures feedback loops (next slide)

18

Source: NSW RTA

19

Manuals and Guides

20

Manuals and Guides

Numerous from around the world Tend to be minor variations on a common format coverage is very similar Often refer to same research / tech papers

21

Australia & New Zealand

UK Highways Agency

UK IHT

RTA, NSW, Aus

22FHWA USA

South Africa

PIARC (Technical Committee C3)

23

ADB Resources

24

25

ADB RSA Manual - Overview Based on guides and manuals from developed world applied to ADB projects Basic premise:

26

ADB RSA Manual - Overview

RS principles / objectives RSA background (as per Day 1) Conducting an RSA Closing summary The Way Ahead (in 2003) (next slide) Appendices:
ToR for RSA ToR for development of RSAs and training checklists references
27

The Way Ahead (2003)

28

The Way Ahead (2003)

29

ADB Reporting Templates

30

31

32

33

Tools to Assist RSAs

34

Road Safety Audit Toolkit

The Road Safety Audit Toolkit is a free on-line tool to assist Australian and New Zealand road safety practitioners to: undertake Road Safety Audits (at any stage of a project) document findings

manage and keep track of members in an audit team

provide a well-documented assessment of issues and assign priority to each generate a RSA report browse jurisdiction references reproduce the Austroads checklists for use in the field
35

Checklist questions
Users are stepped through the checklist questions for the selected stage of the Austroads Road Safety Auditing process.

36

Reports
Three report types may be generated by the system: Detailed audit report by category

Detailed audit report by priority

Corrective action report

37

FHWA (USA) - RSA Software

Iit is a tool for assisting with the completion of RSAs facilitates members in the collection of information as they proceed thorugh RSA process

39

Identifying Existing Sites To RSA

needs to be strategically managed at the network level

initial phase (network may have never been audited before) use network assessment tools, such as iRAP or routine RSA Rolling program, all NHs every xx years?
existing road RSA protocols, &/or thematic RSA, as needed audit effort should be proportional to assessed risk and in response to data-driven/risk-based analyses and/or community concerns link into ADBs road safety pipeline

40

Dubai existing road audit network

Red High Risk Amber Medium Risk Green Low Risk

41

Abu Dhabi City road priority for RSA

42

Large Scale Existing RSA Programs

A few potential issues:

resource intensive particular care with handling outputs reports and deliverables! will generate lots of data Intensive mitigation and follow up programs likely to be required

Dont bite off more than you can chew

43

Be Careful !
Rolling program probably better than a big bang
While tempting, the works burger can be bad for your networks health !

Engineering Toolkits Mitigation Options

45

Prioritising Works Identified By RSAs

46

 The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of the party.
This is a sub paragraph The quick brown fox The quick brown fox The quick brown fox The quick brown fox The quick brown fox The quick brown fox.

The quick brown fox. The quick brown fox. The quick brown fox. The quick brown fox.
47

48

49

Any Questions?

50

Session 5 Practical Group Exercise: Conceptual / Preliminary Design RSA

51

Session 5 practical group exercise: preliminary design

Quick case study Petchburi By-pass, Thailand

Group exercise Exercise takes us up to lunch (1200-1300hrs) Includes brief write-up / present back to group De-brief of exercise Any questions?
52

Quick Case Study Petchburi By-pass, Thailand

53

Preliminary Design Audit

54

55

Some Background To The Scheme

2nd of many schemes on Highway 4 in this district Ch. 157 500 - 166 200 km (8.7 km) Phetchaburi to Lat Tha Sala Project purpose - to by-pass Petchaburi and:
to increase access to services to meet road user / traffic demand for road (now and some future proofing) local and through traffic (inc. local temple) & mix of traffic (buses, cars, two wheelers, pedestrians etc.) to enhance the efficiency of road transport to the south to increase safety for road users to minimize the impact on residents near the highway and the environment as a whole.
56

A Few Images Existing Route

57

58

59

60

Findings (1)

61

Findings (2)

62

Findings (3)

63

Findings (4)

64

Findings (5)

65

A Few Images .. End result

66

Practical Group Exercise

67

Design Audit - Steps

Divide into groups max 6 persons? Pre-RSA meeting (briefing and issue of drawings) Review available information Analysis & findings (2 or 3 worst issues) Write up report table (ADB template) Wrap-up meeting (sharing findings as written)

68

Design Audit A Recap

We are considering:
- land uses/trip generators - traffic management/conflicts - road users:
buses pedestrians cars motorcyclists bicyclists

- think about issues which may occur at night?

69

Project Briefing Road refurbishment project in Kerala, India Focus on provision for vulnerable road user groups and specifically, signs and markings Traffic data:
AADT = 11,516 and growing rapidly (Kerala PWD) assume moderate pedestrian and bicycle flows and high motorcycle flow (60% of total flow) estimated 85th percentile operating speed 70km/h

70

Ch 6.085

71

Ch. 6.204

72

Ch. 6.514

73

Ch 6.972

74

Engineering Drawing

75

Template To Use (ADB)

76

Findings and De-brief

(what did we learn?)

77

What Did The Auditors Note (1)?

Road goes through residential & commercial areas (Kalanad Village) with no footpath provision on either side No bicycle or motorcycle facilities 3 no. 3-leg (T) intersections included, but no turn lane provision or signalisation 4 no. marked unsignalised pedestrian crossing, but only one raised (incorporating a speed reducing feature). Likely that motorised vehicles will not give way to pedestrians Two pedestrian crossings (Ch. 6+900 and 7+000) are close to intersection & on a curve (forward visibility may be limited)

78

What Did The Auditors Note (2)?

Grade separated or signalised crossings (or at very least pedestrian refuge islands) could be considered if speeds cannot be reduced. No traffic calming measures proposed (apart from the single raised pedestrian crossing) Median is centre line only, therefore head-on crashes between opposing flows can be expected mitigate with central hatching as minimum treatment, but physical median (kerb or barrier) preferred and would give good safety return With AADT growing increasing capacity may also produce safety benefits & reduce hazardous overtaking manoeuvres

79

What Did The Auditors Note (3)?

No crash barrier at bridge parapet or culvert head walls therefore roadside hazards present Posts and trees close to road edge, with proposed widening these will remain roadside hazards unless removed/protected Ensure provision of paved shoulder with width >1m Consider raised profile edge markings (possibly rumble strips) effective low cost treatment Warning signs provided for intersections and curves, but possibly located to close to the hazard to provide adequate driver reaction time

80

Any Questions?

81

Session 6 Practical Exercise RSA Of An Existing Road

82

Session 6 practical group exercise: RSA of an existing road Introduction to exercise Background information regarding site Walk to site Conduct RSA (approx. 1hr) day audit (consider likely night issues) Walk back to ADB [Write-up findings table?] De-brief of exercise Any questions?
83

Existing Road RSA

Audit of a road in Manila Work in same groups as before

SAFETY FIRST!!!
Sign JSEA Wear PPE (vest, hat etc.) Watch out for each other Do NOT go into the live carriageway! Do not obstruct other road users
84

Existing Road Audit - steps

Pre-RSA Meeting
Briefing by owner (Paul)

Review available information (in groups) Field visit (1hr?) Consider daylight & dark conditions Analysis & findings (as time permits) Report written submit via e-mail De-brief
85

ADB Avenue - Dona Julia Vargas Avenue Existing Road Safety Audit
Information Pack Saturday 10 November 2012
86

ADB Avenue - Dona Julia Vargas Avenue Road Safety Audit

Typical background Information Maps/plans Traffic volumes? Crash data? Previous audits? Known safety issues?

87

88

89

90

NW

MacDonalds

NE

SW
San Miguel
91

SE

McDonalds

San Miguel

92

ADB Avenue - Dona Julia Vargas Avenue Road Safety Audit

Appoint team leader within your group Each group to start in a different quadrant Move clockwise to next quadrant after ~15 minutes Audit at least two quadrants

93

ADB Avenue - Dona Julia Vargas Avenue Road Safety Audit

Remember:
Avoid tunnel vision, think W I D E Trust first impressions ! Entry and exit slip roads, as well as main body of intersection Think about manoeuvres for approaches/departures All road users incl. pedestrians, cyclists, motor cycles, public transport, others(?) Day and night issues
94

ADB Avenue - Dona Julia Vargas Avenue Road Safety Audit

Identify safety issues (3 or 4 main issues?) Use template provided Assign risk ratings
Whats the worst issue you found?

95

Session 6 De-brief
(what did we find and learn?)

96

What Sort Of Issues Should You Have Picked Up ?

General issues:
Deficient sight lines Poor road markings Lack of pedestrian refuges (Poor lighting at night)

Specific issue:
Approach operating as a one-way dual carriageway for traffic travelling away from the intersection

97

McDonalds

San Miguel

98

Any Questions?

99

Wrap Up Of The 2 Days

100

Certificates & Evaluation sheets

Presentation of certificates of attendance Evaluation sheets to be completed Extremely important to ARRB Analysis of returns Continual improvement tool Can be completed anonymously

Return to presenter by hand, or send to paul.hillier@arrb.com.au

101

Close

102

Thank you!

103