Janet Rodriguez Period 4 Larkin

Introduction:
Most atoms are never found by themselves; instead they are bonded to other atoms in ionic or covalent bonds. This is because bonds are formed for a compound to make an octet/full shell. It has to occur either by storing or transferring valence electrons. Ionic bond, the compound turns into crystal lattice pattern and conduct electricity. Covalent bonds turn into molecule , does not conduct electricity.

Conclusion:
After this laboratory it was concluded that chloride and sulfate were ionic compounds while, water, dextrose and sucrose were covalent compounds. All of my hypothesis were correct except water, I put it was the lowest melting point because it was already melted. From the results ionic compounds were those that conducted electricity in water and had high melting points. However the covalent compounds dont conduct electricity and have low melting points. Ionic bonds are formed from metal cations (+) and nonmetal anions (-) so when they dissolve in water, electricity (moving charge) can follow through the solution. Additionally, ionic bonds are very strong since they are held together by electrostatic attraction.

Janet Rodriguez Period 4 Larkin

Hypothesis:
Compounds to Chemical be Tested Formula Distilled Water Sodium Chloride Sucrose Dextrose Sodium Sulfate H2O NaCI C12H22O11 C6H12O6 NaSO4 Hypothesis 1: Ionic or Covalent Covalent Covalent Ionic Ionic Covalent Hypothesis 2: High or Low melting point? High Low Low High Low Hypothesis 3: Will it conduct electricity? Yes No No Yes Yes

Procedures: Part I: Melting Points & Strength of Bonds. 1: Fold aluminum into a square that will fit the ring-stand. Put a small sample of the 4 different compounds (Water is already melted) on your square of aluminum foil. 2: Carefully put the tray on the ring stand & heat with the Bunsen burner. (No longer than 1-2 minutes) 3:Right away begin recording your detailed observations, keeping track of the order in which the samples melt (or dont melt if thats the case) 4: Allow the square of foil to cool and then wash it off.

Janet Rodriguez Period 4 Larkin

Part II: Electrical Conductivity 1: Weigh and approximately 0.1 gram sample of each compound in different wells of well plate (make sure to zero the well plate on the balance) 2: Test the dry compound for conductivity with the tester. Record your observations. 3: Add enough drops of distilled water to the well to dissolve the compound as best as you can. 4: Test the solution for conductivity with the tester. Record your observations/ Make sure to wash the conductivity tester with distilled water. 5: Repeat for all of the samples.

Results:

Name/Chemical Formula: Distilled Water/ H2O Sodium Chloride/ NaCI Sucrose/C12H22O11 Dextrose/ C6H12O6 Sodium Sulfate/ NaSO4

Part I: Melting Point (1-5: High, Med. Or Low) 1 5 3 2 4

Part II: Conducted Electricity? (Yes/No) Dry Dissolve No No Yes No No No No No Yes

Final Conclusion Ionic or Covalent Bonds? Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic