MODAL VERBS ABILITY- sposobnost, umee, znanje CAN, COULD, BE ABLE TO

CAN- generalno umee (vezano za sadasnjost) ex: I can swim. COULD- umee u prolosti ex: I could swim when I was five. BE ABLE TO umee, znanje u prolosti (koje se desilo u jednom sluaju, nije generalna sposobnost) ex: We had difficulties with the boat, but in the end, we were able to reach the port managed to ASK/GIVE PERMISSION- traiti/ dati dozvolu ex: Can/ May/ Could I see her? CAN, MAY- dati dozvolu ex: You can/ may leave your bag here. CAN, MAY, COULD- traiti dozvolu formalniji, ljubazniji izrazi

CAN YOU, COULD YOU, WOULD YOU- kad molimo/traimo od nekoga da neto uradi formalnije ex: Can/ Could/ Would you help me? OBLIGATION, NECESSITY- obaveza, neophodnost MUST, HAVE TO, DONT HAVE/ NEED TO

MUST- obaveza koju sami sebi nameemo, neophodnost radnje, kad dajemo naredjenja, kad smatramo da je neophodno ili vrlo bitno da se neto uradi ex: All visitors must go to the reception when they arrive You must try harder. Its late. I must go now. HAVE/ HAS TO- kad je neto neophodno uraditi zbog pravila koja nam drugi nameu ili kad okolnosti to nalau ex: We have to pay the rent every month. I have to go to school by bus. U potvrdnim reenicama ponekad nema razlike izmedju MUST i HAVE TO ex: You must/ have to work harder in order to succeed. LACK OF NECESSITY/ OBLIGATION- odsustvo obaveze/ neophodnosti ex: We dont have to work on Sunday. She neednt buy any paint. (she has enough) Prolo vreme od MUST i HAVE TO je HAD TO ex. I had to work hard when I was at university. Prolo vreme od DONT HAVE/ NEED TO je DIDNT HAVE/ NEED TO ex: We didnt have to wear uniforms when I was at school. NEEDNT HAVE + Past participle- koristi se za prolost, kada neka radnja nije bila neophodna ali smo je uradili (iz neznanja, neinformisanosti i sl.) ex: You neednt have bought any bread. We have plenty. (nisi morao da kupuje hleb (ali jesi) jer imamo puno) 1 DONT HAVE TO, NEEDNT

DIDNT HAVE/ NEED TO- koristi se za prolost, kada neka radnja nije bila neophodna pa je nismo ni uradili (jer smo znali da ne treba) ex: I didnt have/ need to go to Belgrade to take my passport.(Nisam morala da idem u Bg. za paso pa nisam ni otila jer sam znala da nije potrebno ii) PROHIBITION- zabrana ex:You mustnt shout in a church. MUSTNT

CERTAINTY AND UNCERTAINTY- sigurnost i neizvesnost 100% 95% She will come tonight (Ona ce doi veeras) She must be at home. (Mora da je kui) She cant be at home (Mora da nije kui, nema anse da je kui) 80% oekivanje SHOULD She should be home now (Trebalo bi da je kui sada) 30-70% neizvesnost, MAY, MIGHT, COULD He may/ might be at home. (moda je kui) pretpostavka 0% izvesnost WONT She wont come tonight. (nee doi veeras) Prolo vreme MUST CANT SHOULD + HAVE + Past participle MAY MIGHT COULD (sigurnost I neizvesnost vezana za dogadjaje iz prolosti) ex: He didnt answer the phone. He must have been in the garden (Mora da je bio u bati) Her shoes were in the hall. She cant have gone out. (Nije mogla-nema anse da je izala) You drove too fast. You could have got killed. (mogao si da pogine) ADVICE- savet SHOULD, OUGHT TO izvesnost WILL zakljuak MUST, CANT

SHOULD- kad dajemo svoje misljenje, savet ex: You shouldnt smoke. You should eat healthy food OUGHT TO- formalnije, kada govorimo o dunosti, zakonu, neemu sto se od nas oekuje od strane zakona, autoriteta ex: You ought to report the robbery to the police. You ought to come to work on time. Prolo vreme SHOULD + HAVE+ Past participle ex: You should have worked harder. (trebao si vie da radi) You shouldnt have eaten so much. (nisi trebao toliko da jede) Proslo vreme OUGHT TO + HAVE + Past participle ex: You ought to have reported the robbery to the police. (trebao si da prijavi pljaku policiji)