Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Roles of Cryopreservation
in Conservation of
Plant Genetic Resources
Introduction
cooling the cells to the low temperature at which the cells are stored
variety of plant material can be used, including cells in tissue culture, pollen, seeds or parts of
seeds, embryos, tissues from the early stages of development of mosses and ferns, buds, twigs,
and meristematic (growing point) tissue.
Preserving the Genetic Resources of Plants
Preserving the Genetic Resources of Plants
Cryopreservation approach has been especially useful when applied to plant germplasm
that has proved recalcitrant to traditional cryopreservation methods using
controlled rate freezing.
The manipulation of water content status to promote vitrification has been used to
greatest effect for tropical crop plant germplasm, recalcitrant forest tree seeds and
certain tropical fruit crops that produce recalcitrant seeds or are clonally propagated.
Cryopreservation protocols have been set up for more than 40 tropical species.
Maintain Biosynthetic Properties of Plants
Cryopreservation was known able to conserve specific features of tissues that can be lost
during normal in-vitro maintenance.
Cryopreservation, recently, proved to be extremely useful for the safe long-term storage
of plant tissues with specific characteristics, such as medicinal- and alkaloid-producing
cell lines, hairy root cultures, and genetically transformed and transformation-competent
culture lines.
A major factor affecting the increased use of cryopreservation in plant conservation has
been the concomitant improvement of routine tissue culture techniques and the
development of simple cryoprotection methods that enhance recovery.
Cryopreservation of plant cell, tissues, and embryos as frozen germplasm has reduced the
cost and demand for plant land space, reduced unwanted genetic drift, as well as reduces
the vertical and horizontal transmission of pathogens, and therefore reduced the
necessity for importation quarantines.
Effective cost reduction should be up to 25% when using cryopreservation rather than
traditional field clonal banks.
Cryopreservation has standard, aseptic system: free from fungi, bacteria, viruses (after
thermotherapy and indexation) and insect pests; and at the same time: production of
pathogen-free stocks genetic erosion reduced to zero under optimal storage conditions.
Multi-option Conservation and Use of Gene Banks
Cryopreservation is now an accessible conservation option for a wide range of users and
it has the potential to support both small- and large-scale laboratories and
conservation centres.
Cryopreservation does not aim to replace the traditional in situ and ex situ approaches to
tree germplasm preservation. Rather, it should be regarded as complementary, in order
to develop a multi-option modus operandi for the conservation and use of gene banks, to
provide a real guarantee against accidental loss of plant genetic resources.
Although the number of reports studying these aspects in detail is still limited, the fact
that, up to now, no clear evidence of morphological, cytological or genetic alterations due
to cryopreservation has been produced is promising.
The main drawback for a wider application of plant cryopreservation is the unavailability
of efficient cryopreservation protocols for many plant species.
Research should move in the direction of simplifying and standardizing the procedures as
much as possible, in order to make the technology available to a wide range of public
institutions and private companies.
Conclusion