Physics Day 2Mechanics Part 2

Centripetal Force/Acceleration
r
v
a
c
2
=
c
ma
r
mv
F = =
2










Work and Energy
Fd W = (only force component in the direction of motion)

Mechanical Energy
PE KE E + =
2
2
1
mv KE = mgh PE = (gravitational)

Conservation of Mechanical Energy ( 0 = AE )
f f i i
mgh mv mgh mv + = +
2 2
2
1
2
1
(if no work is done by nonconservative forces)

Work-Energy Theorem
E W A = (work performed by nonconservative forces; when mechanical energy is not conserved)

Power Fv
t
W
P =
A
=



Momentum and Impulse
Momentum mv p =


Impulse-Momentum Theorem mv t F A = A


Collisions
Elastic Collisions
... ...
2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
+ + = + +
f f i i
v m v m v m v m
...
2
1
2
1
...
2
1
2
1
2
2 2
2
1 1
2
2 2
2
1 1
+ + = + +
f f i i
v m v m v m v m

Perfectly Inelastic Collisions
(objects stick together)
f i i
v m m v m v m ...) ( ..
2 1 2 2 1 1
+ + = + +

a
c

v
v
a
c

a
c

v
Impulse
Rotational Kinematics
Angular Displacement = or u r d =
Angular Velocity
t A
A
=
u
e e r = v
Angular Acceleration
t A
A
=
e
o a o r =

Rotational Kinematics Eqns Analagous Translational Kinematics Eqns
t e u = A vt d = (no acceleration)
t
avg
e u = A t v d
avg
= (constant acceleration)
2
2
1
t t
i
o e u + = A
2
2
1
at t v d
i
+ = (constant acceleration)
u o e e A + = 2
2 2
i f
ad v v
i f
2
2 2
+ = (constant acceleration)






Rotational Dynamics
Center of Mass
...
...
2 1
2 2 1 1
+ +
+ +
=
m m
x m x m
x
CM
Rotational/
Angular
Translational

d

v

a
I
Torque

= F t lever arm =
m
o t I = (just like F=ma)
F

2
2
1
e I KE =
2
2
1
mv KE =

tu = W Fd W =
Inertia (for point masses about an axis)
2
mr I E =
e I L =
mv p =


Angular Momentum e I L =

Rotational KE
2
2
1
e I =
In-Class Problems
Mechanics Part 2
1. A boy is twirling a 100g yoyo with a 600cm radius horizontally in a circle above his head with a speed of
2m/s. What is the centripetal force acting on the yoyo?



2. Give an expression for the radius of a satellite in a stable orbit around the Earth in terms of the gravitational
constant G, the mass of the Earth M
E
, and the velocity v of the satellite.



3. A roller coaster car completes a loop-d-loop on its track. Is the normal force acting on the car by the track
greater at the top or bottom of the loop-d-loop? By how much (answer in terms of m, v, r, and g)?



4. How much work is performed by an Alaskan husky pulling a dog sled 10m across the snow with a pulling
force of 300N.



5. A ball is dropped from a 45m cliff. What is the velocity of the ball just before it reaches the ground (ignore
air resistance)?



6. A 1.5m long pendulum is released from an angle of 60 from the vertical. What is the maximum velocity
achieved by the pendulum?



7. A 1kg ball is dropped from a 45m cliff. Its velocity just before it reaches the ground is 20m/s. How much
work is done by air resistance on the ball?



8. If John can do twice as much work as Bill in half the time, how much greater power is John providing?



9. A 1kg baseball traveling at 40m/s towards home is sent in the opposite direction at 30m/s after being hit with
a baseball bat. If the bat is in contact with the ball for 0.05s, with what force was the ball struck by the bat?



10. A 2kg ball heading west at 5m/s across a frictionless surface collides head-on with a 4kg ball that had also
been moving. After the collision, the two balls are stuck together and are moving with a velocity of 5m/s
directly east. What was the original velocity of the 4kg ball?
11. A stationery bomb explodes into 3 fragments. The 1
st
fragment weighing 2kg is moving directly north with
a velocity of 100m/s after the explosion. The 2
nd
fragment weighing 4kg is moving directly west with a
velocity of 50m/s after the explosion. What is the velocity of the 3
rd
fragment (weighing 2kg) immediately
after the explosion?



12. A fly is sitting on the edge of a record with a radius of 0.2m spinning at constant velocity. If the fly
completes 6 revolutions in 30s, what is the angular velocity of the record? What is the translational velocity
of the fly?



13. A boy is riding a horse on a carousel located 2m from its center, while his father is sitting on a bench on the
carousel located 5m from its center. How much greater is the angular velocity of the boy compared to his
father? How much greater is the translational velocity of the boy compared to his father?



14. Where would a fulcrum need to be placed for the following bar to be balanced perfectly?




15. A 20kg sign is hanging on the end of a 50kg boom that is suspended by a wire attached to the wall as in the
following figure. What is the tension in the cable?




16. A solid cylinder and a hollow cylinder of equal mass and radius roll down an incline. Which one reaches
the bottom first?



17. A wheel with a moment of inertia of 100kg
.
m
2
is accelerated from rest by a motor to an angular velocity of
80rad/s. How much work is performed by the motor?