Determination of Chlorophyll-a, Pheophytin-a and beta-Carotene Contents of Isolated Photosynthetic Reaction Centre Complexes Author(s): Dikio, ED (Dikio, E. D.

)1; Isabirye, DA (Isabirye, D. A.)2 Source: ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Volume: 23 Issue: 11 Pages: 5001-5003 Published: NOV 2011

Abstract: Stoichiometric quantities of chlorophyll-a, pheophytin-a and betacarotene extracted from spinach leaves have been determined by analysis I of the UV-VIS spectrum of extracted pigments. Two methods of using extinction coefficients of purified pigments at different wavelengths are investigated in this paper. The results indicate that these methods are suitable for the routine determination of pigment stoichiometry. Accession Number: WOS:000296218700056 Document Type: Article Language: English Author Keywords: Chlorophyll; Pheophytin; Carotene; Photosynthesis; Pigment KeyWords Plus: SUBSTITUTED BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL-ALPHA; SPINACH LEAVES; METAL Reprint Address: Dikio, ED (reprint author), Vaal Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Private Bag X021, ZA-1900 Vanderbijlpark, South Africa. Addresses: 1. Vaal Univ Technol, Dept Chem, ZA-1900 Vanderbijlpark, South Africa 2. NW Univ, Dept Chem, ZA-2735 Mafikeng, South Africa E-mail Address: ezekield@vut.ac.za Funding: Publisher: ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 11/100 RAJENDRA NAGAR, SECTOR 3,, SAHIBABAD 201 005, GHAZIABAD, INDIA Web of Science Categories: Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Research Areas: Chemistry IDS Number: 837QQ ISSN: 0970-7077 Nitrogen Status Determination of Rice by Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Reflectance Properties Authors: Hu, Hao; Zheng, Kefeng; Zhang, Xiaoming; Lu, Yanting; Zhang, Hao Source: Sensor Letters, Volume 9, Number 3, June 2011 , pp. 1207-1211(5

Abstract:

An experiment was conducted under pot-culture conditions to determine rice nitrogen (N) status by leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance properties. Three rice cultivars, Zhejing 22, Zhejing 29 and Xiushui 09 were transplanted in 45 twelve-liter pots filled with local paddy soil. Each had three nitrogen rate, 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1. Fertilization application was carried out in tillering period and spectral reflectance, chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrogen content of the uppermost, fully expanded leaves were determined in jointing stage. Spectral reflectance indices R550 (Reflectance at 550 nm), REP (Red edge position), NRI (Nitrogen reflectance index), and PRI (Photochemical reflectance index) were well correlated with leaf nitrogen content of rice with the R 2 0.628-0.751**, 0.771-865**, 0.558-0.813** and 0.347*-0.589**. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm (Maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII) rather than F0 (Initial fluorescence), Fm (Maximal fluorescence) and Yield (Light adapted quantum yield) also can predict leaf nitrogen status, but the determine coefficient was lower in comparison with spectral indices REP, R 550 and NRI. Reflectance measurements show better performance in estimating nitrogen status than chlorophyll fluorescence methods. There was close linear relation between Fm and leaf spectral reflectance in the range of 400-1100 nm. In conclusion, leaf reflectance indices R550, REP, NRI, PRI and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm may be useful for rapid, timely and nondestructive estimation of rice leaf N status. Keywords: NITROGEN STATUS; LEAF REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; RICE; REP; FV/FM Document Type: Research article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2011.1373 Publication date: 2011-06-01 Determination of the PSI/PSII ratio in living plant cells at room temperature by spectrally resolved fluorescence spectroscopy Kirstin Elgass ; Martina Zell ; Veronica G. Maurino ; Frank Schleifenbaum [+] Author Affiliations Proc. SPIE 7902, Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues IX, 79021R (February 10, 2011); doi:10.1117/12.873752

Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues IX Daniel L. Farkas; Dan V. Nicolau; Robert C. Leif San Francisco, California | January 22, 2011

abstract Leaf cells of living plants exhibit strong fluorescence from chloroplasts, the reaction centers of photosynthesis. Mutations in the photosystems change their structure and can, thus, be monitored by recording the fluorescence spectra of the emitted chlorophyll light. These measurements have, up to now, mostly been carried out at low temperatures (77 K), as these conditions enable the differentiation between the fluorescence of Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII). In contrast, at room temperature, energy transfer processes between the various photosynthetic complexes result in very similar fluorescence emissions, which mainly consist of fluorescence photons emitted by PSII hindering a discrimination based on spectral ROIs (regions of interest). However, by statistical analysis of high resolution fluorescence spectra recorded at room temperature, it is possible to draw conclusions about the relative PSI/PSII ratio. Here, the possibility of determining the relative PSI/PSII ratio by fluorescence spectroscopy is demonstrated in living maize plants. Bundle-sheath chloroplasts of mature maize plants have a special morphologic characteristic; they are agranal, or exhibit only rudimentary grana, respectively. These chloroplasts are depleted in PSII activity and it could be shown that PSII is progressively reduced during leaf differentiation. A direct comparison of PSII activity in isolated chloroplasts is nearly impossible, since the activity of PSII in both mesophyll- and bundle-sheath chloroplasts decays with time after isolation and it takes significantly longer to isolate bundle-sheath chloroplasts. Considering this fact the measurement of PSI/PSII ratios with the 77K method, which includes taking fluorescence spectra from a diluted suspension of isolated chloroplasts at 77K, is questionable. These spectra are then used to analyze the distribution of energy between PSI and PSII. After rapid cooling to 77K secondary biochemical influences, which attenuate the fluorescence emanated from PSI, are frozen out. Due to their characteristic morphology, maize chloroplasts of mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells are an appropriate system for demonstrating the applicability of our in vivo method which, unlike the common 77K method, does not require the isolation of chloroplasts. In mesophyll chloroplasts of higher land plants, the thylakoids have a heterogenic morphology of appressed and non-appressed membrane domains, called the grana and the stroma lamellae. PSII is enriched in the grana, whereas PSI is enriched in the stroma lamellae. Changes in chloroplast membrane structure and composition, according to changes in the PSI/ PSII ratio, can be triggered by light quality and carbon source deficiency. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of statistical analysis of fluorescence spectra to detect changes in the PSI/PSII ratio resulting from structure changes in the thylakoid membrane. (2011) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Citation Kirstin Elgass ; Martina Zell ; Veronica G. Maurino and Frank Schleifenbaum "Determination of the PSI/PSII ratio in living plant cells at room temperature by spectrally resolved fluorescence spectroscopy", Proc. SPIE 7902, Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues IX, 79021R (February 10, 2011); doi:10.1117/12.873752; http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.873752 Abstract A new phytotoxicity bioassay based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of algae suspensions in multiwell plates is introduced. Phytotoxicity is quantified via inhibition of photosystem II quantum yield, Y(II), assessed with the saturation pulse method. The basics of this approach as well as the factors enhancing and limiting its performance are outlined. Compared to other established techniques the new system allows exceptionally rapid and accurate measurements of phytotoxicity using pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry. While instrument related errors are negligibly small, optimal performance depends on appropriate choice of algae and illumination conditions. Illustrative examples for the response of Phaeodactylum tricornutum to diuron are presented. The standard deviation involved in the Y(II) determination of a single well amounts to the equivalent of 44 ng/L diuron. A decisive role is played by the light (measuring light, saturation pulses, actinic light) to which samples are exposed during the bioassay: (1) the inhibitor response is enhanced at high measuring light intensity. (2) Saturation pulses may be considered non-invasive only, if applied at low frequency and as long as physiologically healthy algae cultures are used. (3) Continuous actinic light may be problematic, as it induces complex physiological reactions that limit the performance of the approach; it is not required for assessment of diuron-type inhibitors at high measuring light intensity.